Anthropology and anthropologists: the modern British school

119 Pages·1983·13.71 MB·English

by  Adam Kuper

By these thor

Anthropology and Anthropologists
Ieitont Suter an ‘The modern British schoo!

Savial Antaropolgy of Raveena

(Gung Frain

Adam Kuper
‘Profan of Aten Anan:
Ererity- of heiden

ote Kee ont
| (ae te nt
ret tian fn pub 1858
Mabie cae Pe

ay Rett, Lendne CAE 70D,
Jia Bret tos ne 0208, USA
oor ee a ok
‘Bod trae ato Ro

ets mas oxon ROP 18

eB ape ros Romer

Freres peste, Abn
ped ea a
Began

Dib ap 123.2883

py ek Be mpc
feel th eoneenfom te
Eble ri nt Fs

[ites of Cones Calg ie Petit

‘ialrat waopetns

‘te hp erence ind
{Bing ior Oe” To
Enea tora oi Phe,
EMSS a 00 Sos oedr 2.200

1583 0-200-9400-4

For Jessica
Positive institute aze often the rut of custom and prj:
fase Tanguage ae asbigucus and aba: were revs ft
Incapable of pronouncing, the love oF agence sinlamed by the ey

fof rials de vit of mes, dhe Bind atachene of ther Ase.
laid Gibbon

Preface tothe revised ti
1 Mappowski

2 RadalitfeBrown

53 The 1930sand 19403 Cram foretion to sractare
4 Aathepoteny and eslniaism

5 Feooe havin to routine

6 Leach and Ghotonae

7 Les teas a British neo-aiastacalln

5 The dean years: 1972 1982

9 Conclusion: ethnography, campaston and theory
Appeals (by Roelof Kaper)

vane Index

Subject index

Contents

za
Preface to the revised edition

sn 1973 my Antlnspoiapats and Armhropeyy was znbliie, 90
sccount of the punt hal-eentury oF Beidsh sell anthsopology. lei:
Schapers incitod me to the atternp, nl [hy Tree the visas
saad jouieas, ngage! a seminue sees on the shel and interdwed
some of the leading actors. Ness of the propor dew amie reson,
Some of ry senior were cautious, even favthe,veaie so pursey
relabe anesdotes about thee soaterporaces han 4 talk openly hon
themsehes, Twn or thee were deliberately obetivetv, Yel 1 we
prepared forthe seatlons wich pultioation provoked

Reviewing the book in Won, ae the ust dl petted sbuiewtat,
oy Wis ramackad: is aacity in descralsing the youlke founding
fathers of eur discipline and preventing them as burmen Bsinas watts
snd all hag peictaly aroused fry in some qvurer: i nanofhe
less 2 necotciy ae sltary action! Thad mot sealing’ tat J was
being audacious, and was astmnlihel shen Ibe emetonal rexponies
hogan flexing through to my semote eotiage, in the Geld in Janice
Several mtondhs iter nry wite and L returned to sl hewy charged
mosphere. Amtopotosieal eucltall partes ia Landon were, fr a
Wie, Hable (o be cather awkward eccasons, at fast until 2esice
sea a urmour that was preparing 3 aes edition, with Seah insults

Th edtogpecl, the emotional rastion 16 the fav olewty had
sometilag. 10 d6 with the fact that it apgeaced at 4 su:nenl of
Ieuosion. Madecn Brits soclal suheopelogy ean be traced bask $u
te 18606, and W. EL RL Kies, for axanypde shared as ruch with the
Sunetionalsts as he did with the ovelutioniste and diffusions
(Otlinowakt once boasted dic Rivers would be the Rider Haggard of
antivopotogy, but be would be ite Conrad wlule udlfe-Brown -
[Rhoev lst student i anthsopology — was esting is arguments to
the fon ofa eitgue of Riveis even twenty years afters dent) Yel
tere wat a sharp break, and this book takes 1922 as ite aaa, the
year in whigh Rivers died aed hth Malizowaki and Redelie-rown
‘Published. thee fist aor fieldstades, fn te 1920s, Beainowaki and
x Profae to the evsed edion

Radsif- Beer established uninitaably res tadon, which hat
‘em lngely tobe ealed “unetioali

"Their students, nine in the 19205 and the 1930s, cok over the
leudeniip of Uie profession ater che Secu! Wenla Sar. They were
sitet ts se chalas in the wanous ald and mew dena tment in
etuin ond the Commoawsaldt, ani controlled Wie eld for 180
Aacades, fy he early F970, whem iny broke appeared. they ware all
seling. Has a touchy anoment, parteularly sie, 15 the Belgin
snthropotogist Luce Ileus aclelyohyesed,L'ancheopoloiasneate
tritanmniq diffe profondémenc ds Tethnotoge Grange par un ait
eta quablezlle a Pepe de aul

‘This revise ond expanded edition appears very diferent nas
pinched, snsious, seplieal, uncertain. Chase added (wo new daters,
fo cave wha fs hee happeniag. Chapter 8 reviews the 19705, hide
in ehupucr 9 (jublished 3 eighty different foo in the Ruropea
Joona of Soctoiogy in 98), U diss ce inelzetual ean Which
ina inteasngly troubled Tonetionait anthropology. As Radel.
Brown fowulated the problem ia 198i. "the development f eld
studies has led toa lative neglect of sues misting ute of Oe
fompucaine wethod. .- . Without systematic samparative sludies
ftloopalogy wil become only” histrlograpby” and elknogealy
Soviologca! tieory must be based on, an coutivnaly tested by,
‘jstematis comparison. fut the very snares of funetionalis eno:
‘Faphy tied ako! questions abea comparative methods; while the
‘sbotive fue of comparizea undermined the alumateradonale bland
functionalist field-sttie of exole communis.

Tithe past decade my own cireumstances and opinions have chanted
ax wll For the park eix yore havo lived ia Holland (oth one year
freay al that aroi selewtaie Nievana, che Center for Advanced Sead
jn the Bahaeotal Secuecs in California), Iaeitably,sny perspective has
altered. Moseaver, L have benefited from corumcnts on the original
‘dition, and Grn reading tzent contcibutions to the story of Bitch
antheopology T have acordingy reesed thoroughly the Bal seven
‘hapets. Bot the purpose of the hook seals changed [tprowdet
4 cvitea, Rill aesnuat of modem British soci anthropology.
Walten form the esl, itis as digassonate ant objective a8 1 ovuld
sak f,Thope the nies main reasonably ad.

1) Malinowski

‘The magaiizent ttle of the Funetlonal School of Anthropology
tas been becloved by myself, in a way on myself ard co 3 lage
extent aut of my own sense af teegionaly.

Malleawsé!

4 unique aul parlesicel phenomenon — a fanatical heared
mplscie
Lex?

‘

Mabnovaki has 9 sleong claim to being the founder af the provestion
Of social anchcopotony” tn Bia, for he established $i distinctive
apprenticeship —intensie fieldwork in an exote conunonily. For the
Ae years which he spent wt tie Landon Sahool af Een alter
his eeruen fom the Trobeiand ina ee wa the only master eth.
srupher in the county, and virally esryane who wised {0 do fit
‘Wark de modern Cation weal to wock with ir,

‘Yet Malwa, and mlany of lis students, felt that he was uch
sore than a pionost in methed. At one of his met diningushed
‘sludents has remarked, ‘he slained to be the reat a an wately
new acadenle dlciplin. whole generation of his Zllowers were
‘brought up co belove that sas anthropology began i the Trot
‘lands in 1914"? This grander rapwislion parts, dampite the poverty
fof Malinowsk's explit chonecon) feenlations. His elhnopraptic.
‘enough was based upon a novel porspecdve which i tll a intgel
fearae of Bildsh sil anteopology., however much St nay lave hee
cbscuod by his atompte at Toaualizaion and his inoesant polemics,
There ws a Cunctionalit evolution, and Malioowakt as its Fader,
Buti didnot estab Sunetionaiat theory a Malinowski propounded
2 Antirapologp and anthropos
"

Tha sobctsraten of antheopaluny vas faltyclaty define i the
caily twentieth centary, bough it wap alle by various names
sil sahvopatogy, cultural stheopoteg, ox ethavlogy etinngsapy
tnd songs. lis ote athe sty fie x savage’ early”
‘ao, aad by the Last dird af tbe eipetecath century tie study of
“Tolowe™ ia Tylor sons, embracing socal organization ~ wat
dHeedly disinguiche. fem the Biologia sty of masw. Thro 925
fen, specie study concerned wile psimltive eto’ This Meld
‘sun commntionully cmisidered under various heads — matell eure,
Fades, eligi, sag, and ‘sciueg" perhays aa Janguoge, bs,

“There woe ako by dhe carly twenlieth coutory on asceped distine>
tion between a holly yeogaphied approach, whidh wax concooned
‘sith enigatin, etal dtfuion aud The elasticacian oF peopkes art
bjects, art what Has ganerally ealed the sociological approach,
Sihnch dealt wien the development of sovial nalttlens. Expozens
The Foumer apprcach ceeded to bo more descriptive al yeni;
‘wile th saciotogias were more vompinative and theoretical. The
“isinetlon betes them had been fomioed teas scaly as 1808,
‘when, according lo Radel Bowe,

ating af teasers fram Oxford, Cambridge and London was
‘ald cocci the terinlogy of oor sibjeck, Ne seed 10 u56
‘thnoyciphy” i Ie tern for dcrriptve accounts of rowliteote
peoples. The hypoiheied revorseucinn of history of uch peones
‘vag needa ho task ofedhnofogy an! preston eechacoogy.
‘he comparative tady ofthe insiations of primitive scieties s
ovepted ae Une task of aoc atrepelogy, smd this name was
veal petered to “sociology” gzer in 1905 hl heady defined
‘social anthropology ara brane of socolegy that deals wilh
Dave pooples Westrmatck had the nosilon of Profesor of
‘Souology. Uno bis Wore was eal in the eh of sil ath
pology.®

A sior distinetion waa made in Ue syllabus adopted forthe new
‘labled tiploma in antopology at Oxford Sn 1906, ‘Calton
lnthropology” sae distinguished from physic stlvopotogy. and it was
‘amsilered under Sgr Ids -achaeolegy, technology, ethnology and

Siatinowakt 3

ology. The distinction betwen ethnology im sociclogy Mas cou.
oinotogy ince: :

‘The compari study and easlicaton af peore, base pon
‘ondivons of terial elture, language, and sligioas and social
Insitutions and idess, x discngushed fon phy sal characters
The influence of eneentaeat pon culls,

Seciotogy was concerned with

“The compete study of seal penvenens. with peal erence

tothe eave Rishon of

(4) Secia erpanization (inetoding marriage custom), ovement
snd low:

(2) sual es amd cles

4) magical and rliious practices and baits inshudlg elment
ofthe dead):

(2) moder of eomnnieatng ides yg. arooale language,
pictoraphs and writin

ach of these appcoases (0 ‘piitive coltre’ was aroiated al
wilh a pusicdlar dworetical tendency. The sthaeoaists inclines
towaeds diffslonisn. Clues Were patehworks uf til, borrowed
From olber, the supesior trails moving outwards teat a sente lke
the ripples made by 2 tone Oxon into x mde echo a favourite
alo a itimist weitere, These coltrl trails cowl be clase,
fn stylistic or eter citer, aed tele manement rhe mevementsaf
thee hesers, weconstaicte), Dlusionism war fiven a get Unptus
in Bann by the dramatic dscoverie of eypian archaeology the
oveoprent of the theory thatthe "eile crerent" was the cradle of
‘owt af the ations of clization — 9 theory propagated i He 1920s
by Eliot Smith and Pexry at Univeeley Colle Loodon, ‘The saci
pits, the other he, vere hy and tg evlucenis dhe cir
views diverged from euth oiber, and none ay loge Fisaued the
‘nllinear evalutonary scheiues a fchiorable in Victorian Engl.
‘Speaking very ereraly, they tended 19 sce cultures ay systems wih
an interior dynamic, father than ay the producle of haphazard
Dorowings; ut they varie ax 1 whether Ibe dyuamis element wae
inlet, econo, ecological, or whatever.

‘Ths iss aboplificd version of the siuation, bol peomite the
4 Anstropology and antieopotogats

iment ide Mestion of the inset of functionals, Te fuction
alts took over “vooolngy’, but dreppel the “pect ference to the
ar history of. which had beon Gi allmark ofthe ewsitionlsts
‘They aso reooled not only diffsonisn but the whole ethnological
nterpre, so thot For 2 generation the prenecupedans of the ethno:
tis, inching specific histevies, fore vsegarded by Bink social
_rthrapologist

i te concluding page of ha it Trobrianl menoglaph, Argonne
of the Hester Bavfe (1922), Maines st ou hss pol of view
‘ith teferener lo the preeecupalens ofthese jor schcls. i wrote:

‘sums tome that there a oom for anew eype of theory. The
oveetslon ln tie, andthe Inftaee ofthe presino stage open the
‘pbsequent the iain aobjee nf evalitong! suis, sack sare
practied by the cli shoal of Brin Anthropalogy (Tylor,
Frazer, Westernack, Halla, Crawley), The ethnological schoo)
(Ratt, Foy. Graber, W, Shani, Rivers and Hla Small [se]
studies the fluence of cultures hy cont, nitration and ans
falson. The nwece of enionunent on altura asians and
‘cei sdied by anthropogeogaphy (Rateal and osors). The
{afloence on one another of th varia pect af an inatsen he
aly ofthe teil and psychological mechanisa on whch the
Snstttion x base, a2 te of theoretical studies which Ia
been practisad up tik nowr ina wentstve way only, but [venture
‘foretell wil coe fvo thal 8 Sooner or les. Thistype of
restrch wl pave the way and pris ide the materi for the others

A few yeas far Ralilfe Brown wrote, more directly’

{blow hat at this tie dhe really important eal th anthro-
polopice stedies sno thar tetween the rolutionsts’ ap! he
“affine, nor between the varous schoo ofthe Eilon
bt between conjetaral history on the ne sled the Tunetional
study of woriety on the other.”

Nevertheless it mideading to te fonetonsian twlumphing over
fhe arthodories of ealutionian or diffsionion. The habbnisk of
Tish anthropology im the fit Wo decades of this century wus u
cavtons and sceptel attitude lo any grand theocetieal Foamuation,
ferohtionist or oifusonst, Fazer's work was being weated with a

Maloowshi 5

cetain dezlion, even atthe tun ofthe century, nthe anthropological
Journals; and inthe heeds of men like Westrmatak or Melt ve

tw was only an ultinate point oF rafeence, nc 3 centraf organizing
roneept. It trus that the extieme Tgyptocenre dfuslonlea of
Dot Sot itd Percy wav foroe fn the 1920s, and tha even Rivers
vers w convert, but the theory ald oc quin mch crednce in pro-
fessional cele. deed, Byer, ae pradant of the Royal Anthrop
logical Instiute, wad‘ ciftouk tone preventing Blot Smith's
‘egnation In 1922 49 a protec! again aged censorship of his ene,
and he wearily ccmplainod about dhe abavrlies of the gest nas
cvanglia fre, Malini spent good deal of se inthe 19207
in debate wich Eon Smid and Perey, but this was for popula rahe,
‘than profesion:t udience, I ara ough 2 modern sacl anthropo-
logit were to pend a lot of tine in very public debate with Robert
Avicey and Desmond Mori, The fonctionalin ome! tition has
(beady exagerated de signibeance of these confrontations

‘There was alo the coumterinfkence of Dutkhelo and his school
in Paris, which hed attracted the stention af Radeife-Brown and
Darel before the Fist World Var, and which continued to influence
the Brith “socil anthropologist’ Durheln’s theoses sete
(oulaly inMucntal Ww the stody of religion, and they led ay from.
the coneems of the dilfisenits, and aio of the Sntslecemaist
selon, lke Tylor and Fras,

‘But Ufone wera tn lotic the moot of Dish anlbropotogy in
‘he Bist decades of this century ono Would hive to sie the Over
ring concern withthe aocumlation of dst, The bint oat mh
sUll be the reconatocton of eulture etry, or evolutionist general:
selon, but theye interes were oveclaid by a srangeeuurganca of British
nypiccian, There was a feting thst the Fats which were ncreasaly
becoming snalable made faile ewolutinis ant lifosionia schemes
Took rather fly, Further, these “acts might soon disappear, with at
‘primilivea. Tie celastion was an uigeot matter,“ any pants oF
the word,” Rivers pote in 1913, "he death of orory od man brings
shit the Jos of krowledge never to bo veplscad™ Owe night detet
ineipiont maves avay feom evoutionion or diffsionian lowards some
Sort of fimetionalis but more. obviously there wos 2 change of
femphass, avay from zheovelleal preoceupations and towards Feld
restarh, The sivaies of ‘oriloglas’ and ‘ethnolaglets teomed ia
toner esa urgent than the calls of “ethnography.

‘The dere for profesional fieldwork was the motive free bind
6 Antinopotogy and antivopotogis

‘he Cambridge vapeition 16 the Torres Sits» 1499, copaized
thy Haddon and chang Rivers Scligman and yeas. Rivers kell
among tne Todos in tia in 1901-7 and in Bilancia so. 1907
Selignian worked Iv Melanesia in 1904, rong the Veddat tn 1907 $
sod Te jn the Slag, and Rees worked synthe Pose and inthe
Paci. AR. Bowe (Radel Te-Buwny war sent by Haddon avd Rivers,
Stam Cambvidge, by twtr the Andanan sdinders in 14068. Thece
woe grave shortage of fends oe nf rained workers, and vty ile
professional wurk invdmsl more then 3 few days in any exotic aren
Desily the obvious dangess, he workers hud to rely upon interpreter,
or éyolu lon

hone the Jose, this represented 3 departure fem the trains
system, whey ~ as Maret. deatbed it- “The mun in she sey
Basil propunded quesdans which wuly the man in te ied eld
anawer, andthe light uf the soswers that por fm Sram the fil
the sty as busy revised es question.” Ht eas ow lied that the
rman in ae Sid should he expert in the dhelpling wl tho the
European vesdent fm dhe copie w23not generally eibe info.
Some of these, patcully. arwg the eisionslas, tad produced
taste ethnojiphies, bur they ese very much the exeaption: and
ven the best of them zied top heivly pun selected infonnaars,
Fee Junod says that his lafarmation came alenost anhely frm thee
ren. Two wove Chaitin he tira Banta sepdy steeped fa the
bcute conceptions of 2 Banu ae thal he never could gt il of
them an remained a Reade tl bis ath in 1902?

Wis 2 messue of the Iemger Tor information that Usa,
reporting to the readers of Man on Ha weeling of te Brith Avo!
ston (or the Adtapoesteet of Seience in South Abit in 1905, could
vexke wit some eathusiam.

specimens of several Banta bee were kindly basught weether at
the Viera Fue by the Coscenneat of Rhodesia for ath ap
Togicl study. Time Was dor, amt ony admitted os fev measure
riens aod photegeans,

And lure,

1 hd the plese of tevllng «fw days tay with Dx, Roomemeycr
oF Smithtiel a gentleman wha was won in Cape Colony, by
Alexcent, on the father’s side Gorman. on the aiothers side Mone,

atmo 7

‘alt damiies having been eclonits for seme yeneations. Hein
racic 4s medical oan Some ofthe moter Ie fom his con
‘eration feo. e hus ker rer mone ha one ern)
Anvmately acquainted with Bustonea.

Fen (he faith in dhe ethnographic expense af profesional eatre
potogite may have been rther excesive. Ae tte 2% 1915, in aglow lng
eve uf Rivers History of Melanesian Scie, Mocar wrote:

Te ies st patstts that no tractorihy materiel canbe collected
fn fw our, and tha tees 4 fg sojourn anon Res
‘efor we can adestand them, This iden being based on no prot
sil posit inspite of al proot**

Although he fad spent thre years in P10 River's tet days,
HHocart eid, he could tevify te the courary of Rives teal
fd an ada unt he was River's man s50768 08 FU

Rivers hime took a more perceptive ine. He Usinguishee between
what be called “orvey work” and “intensve wurk. Siwy idk
Telved visite to ibes ore Wile aa, ip order to map dioutions
and Ldethfy problemas coquiing fvestiaton. Rikers? own work in
Melanesia wis 2 qnod example of this; ater was Selma's orey
of the Sudan, Intensive work was a offerent mater. Riera ote 0

198,

‘Tha asenot of inonsire work. jlinaation in extent combined
‘with intensity and thoreaghnest A typieal piece of intensive work
ba la whieh the worker lve for 3 yeas or move anon 2
‘commonily of peshape fave of fe unre people aa xudies
vey dead of Uni if and clue; n bie he comes to know
trey meter of te communilypereoally: i which he lett
ootent with generale ffonston, bot sade every Faw of
life wt enstonn bw conezle deta an by mans of the veraacuac
language. Mon by sh work at onc ean selec the irene
center ofthe Knowledge ich mow alg the mane, ven
place where the eultov has alosdy suffered much change is
‘nly ly sach work hat is posible daeaey the meonplete and
‘ren mile sding character of much ofthe vast mas of vey ork
‘whieh Sor he existing mater of anthropogy. 2
a Anthropology and anthropatngsts

Since Malinowski wos the Sst Beish vocal anthropology, peu
Iessomuly aioe. tv cury ont intensive raeach of this Kin 3 is
eshaps impasse to answer the qustion which mist ygest cl —
‘ees fidwork of thiskind inevitably demand aynebranis, Finch
ist perspective? Rivers might have bi! goad grounds for dasbing this,
flaco Boss In America hol sone fielwork which approsched the
inlensve ideal and had still ramsied an etinaogis, Yet despite his
‘ayn exinologkal and dfficicnist bent, Revs pointed out tha Ime
slintopapher engaged in ntonsloe work in amallcartnily would
be bord to demanstate how the diffrent domains of culture ste
inceteonnasted - “Thus. for inetance, among peoples of tude cute
2 noel artis uk the same time 3 sre of aligns ries, am westhot
‘occupation, and an lmmportant element i the socal organization." *
Lyon Maret, ane af the let of the atsclisirandhvopooglst, came 1
stro gmnchvonc analyst Ionic jn Tetace in ahi We nas con
cere to savage the reputation of Craaee fran de attack of Flot
Sruith, bo sad:

‘Some of us, indeed ~ and Teun al Jeat spk for mys! — se
so greatly precezupied with th aud of the mind ofthe savage as
Hexks here and now under maa eonditns compiceted byl
Ih centamieatng uenens of modern catzation tht, wie
Selly allowing tat anthropology is prey histareal nt cope,
wwearemow inimeditly mlerested in atalysing exiting tonne
fan sin sch analysis asa hey Wo he pal.

‘The intuence of Dosdkeim wan at work here and af course, the mos
Inapovtant uf the evetutionlts, Spence, had seengneed the pace ut
‘ynchtonic study, Neveclbelss it does seem thatthe atenive study oF
sivall comreniiee wae tecognived to ingly # stamnutment 0 ym
onic analysis of a Iype which Inter cme to be called Pune ona.
“This was not sven ab something which would dliplce eveluttont nd
“kfasonatconceres, bt ase a something to Bead 1 thom,

‘This was Malinowski's owe view, He tesndined an evolutionist
\boxghout his career, aml ke hiserdhodox onlleegues le Beloved that
the coletion of living eatoal face would ultimately yield evoation
aiy tows In the spselalforeord to he thd edition af The Sern
‘fe of Savages Malinowski palshed a ‘cantation Frm evohtions

le admitted that ie isd baen eonctaned with oigne sate a8 1977,
tnd eren now he Was ut prepared to ahinon cvelutvonism. Simply,

Molinos a

‘he ta “grow rose and mre inal
uc evn this ara tempered inference:

Lo the prablens of eign’,

Uy inditerence to Ue past and tos recoatiraction ie theveforz
sot eater af tena, 2 0 speak; the pa Wi aays be utace
‘ive a0 che antiquurin, and esoryanthrepologiat ean antigen,
ya eerainly so My inliferene to een types of evelatoniae
isamatter of method

‘Anthropologinsshonld concentrate upon the proceees “which can st
be observed in present-day seme.ige communities’ In oer to provide
nm bose for teeonstrction. Ones ke ondersloed how cultae meets
ana's needs Ue anthropologist would bein x postion tay soothing
bout the gradual evaloton of instuions in yeipanae (athe sewing
complenty of deived needs, Therefore, he Wise,

4 stl believe in evolnion, J am st Jcsteted i origins, i the
recess of detelopment only las move and more clearly Chat
ampvets tony evolutionary question led diet tothe
‘pial study the aes and natitations, the ast development
of which we wish to zeonstrut

‘And ster completing tis eyele uf Trobeiand monograph, wih the
Dublin of Covet Gardens ent ther Mage i 1935, he turned back.
lo te cassia problema of exltutal evolution

This bie review ofthe sttion may serve 38a ntl perspective
fom the “funetioualst revaluion" Iw Rats unthropolegy,. When
“Argonaits of the Westen Pacific was publihed In 1922 i was wele
‘comme as a wifi] adn ta the Tteranse rather han a8 # eal to
revolution. This was by no means a erase eesponse, ad Malinowskts
Initia caution supposted the action. The bork wes Jedated to
Seliyran and even canada sonorous pefice by Fare, eho ain
sulfierly fwurablygposed several years later to ftoduce
Maliowsld's Inaugural lectoze as profesor 31 the London Schvol of
Beonbmis, asa percpiant seviewer might have reaeked, the book
ssieed 9 (Ot need, Yet at the tame tiie the lype of material
Maliowsdi sd coleeted, and dee manner insich he prsented It,
id annum co a eadeally new viow of a ‘pelaitve cole’. Meinawskt
‘wat filly consions uf this, ax few others were at fst ad fe zoom
showed thot the wateva or erolalion was thee
0 Anthropology and authropolegtis
ur

A onw mode of ston requires a myth chara, an Malinowski in
bs priv dave a personel myth shih hi fellonere pasa’ on $0
Inter generations. Ye runs somethiog like tn, Malinowakl, 4 ellont
young Polit sludent, becomes fl when on the pois of entering a pro
Tmionalcmeer io eknie, (Hie Who Wo antey ars sieaed toe
leant in ais hackysound — parentage on both sos Poh lacie
Mascled geotry and nobiiyt umd RD. 2908 with the highest
Dronaure in the Austian Empize (Sub ausplels Frperoton]) Ma It
told te fe tonl fo continuo is cnLfcrmeroh. In deal he decides
to divect impel with se Fgh lati, chooses The Godlen Bowe,
and i at once hoond in Oe sence of Frverian antropelogy. Iv doe
coue Ie sels off for England (tier a detour in Gorman) si lecomes
i student at Whe LSE, After precocious <alvig the problems of
Austatiow shoriginulFaly organization he fads el? bn Austeala
‘ith on antheopotogia vnision when the list World Wer crop,
Ie ic an Ausisan zen, an cnamy alien, and may bo imache.
Fortnately he is pesmited to spend hi interment jn the Trobiand
‘lands. Thre he paces the war ioventig intensive Haldwork by parti
pant observation, warkies thcgh the venacolr, and living as one of
{he people, ln total toatin from European vontats, After the wat he
sums to’ England, and ia de Tice of pighoaded oppastion frm
‘esotonary erations and med diffuslonite he buds pa group of
Aediated daiples wo go Forth, ee, te

lnwhatove vorslon, the math prceents a ce sly of «props.
‘The false tart, then the ines and conversion, followed by nies,
‘the earvshttring calamity ~ no Joss than a word sr lending to
Luolaton in ae wilderness, the eoturn wih a meses to bate of the
dacpes, Thane peesontod the aollie of his eaenr fet a this Firm,
since sb brings out more profeundly than any cobtemporary account
(he mesinnis shay ofthe map. A vession of Ise myth isembodded
In any oral account of Mallnowsi's “nconalit tevolaton’. The
‘yt is important to the understanding of the wan an his cece
‘ota more conventional biographical rovlew brings oat other signi
‘can, i lest apocalyptic, tures

Bronltnd Malinowski war born in Crasow In 1884,'9 the son of
2 distingiihed Tings, profesor oF Slate philly tthe Jagtlonian
Unirity. Hl father ploneezd th study of tae Poh anguags a ts
fon dines, Bronsiaw's childhood was paged asnong the infletuale

Matron

to philsoghy, and his graatng thes, in 1908. £%
ste tocar nents tee sae a
seem nl wma er em)
ot mere ay ae

pier Con
ed weenie
ied “On the

comer ln
since they presuppove the secprecal auton af AF Or get

‘ated 19 Duckhsin's notion of ake “ele

angiaga i flsnnd Oy myth a i
snd cetors and wages ace everywhere ease’,
Senception: He psieed to take antiaeepto, SUED Ce
faking wansverse tend of onlin ston, Ut
the iain slaps of the develpmenc with it DIT
scene in thet sequence, and enc in (tal le
phenoens Teds was porte ce at ech ot
fv cortaln leas, enotins a pring of 2680 ©
{22608 phenomena group Lemee

Tie mje clemtots of factonalen can
{ond iy of hs lent) Tes perhaps eon were ane TS
that Mateos? fac aihzpoleia say 0”
“aaa, san bag tere he tft Lape Pt
oF Eons 1910. AC the LSE be worked unde Ne
the man wo had 3 dtinstay erin ei tot ° POT,
romlceiy", Wroup samtine, ee, and anand fF US PEST
fvolnonary tem of ie monogamous arly: Bt