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Anthropological Genetics
Anthropological genetics is a field that has been in existence since the
1960s and has been growing within medical schools and academic
departments,suchasanthropologyandhumanbiology,eversince.With
therecentdevelopmentsinDNAandcomputertechnologies,thefieldof
anthropological genetics has been redefined. This volume deals withthe
molecularrevolutionandhowDNAmarkerscanprovideinsightintothe
processesofevolution,themappingofgenesforcomplexphenotypesand
the reconstruction of the human diaspora. In addition to this, there are
explanations of the technological developments and how they affect the
fields of forensic anthropology and population studies, alongside the
methodsoffieldinvestigationsandtheircontributiontoanthropological
genetics. This book brings together leading figures from the field to
provide anup-to-date introduction toanthropological genetics, aimed at
advancedundergraduatestoprofessionals,ingenetics,biology,medicine
and anthropology.
Michael H. Crawford is Professor of Anthropology and Genetics at the
University ofKansas, USA.
Anthropological Genetics
1
Theory, Methods and Applications
Michael H.Crawford
University of Kansas
1UnderthesponsorshipoftheAmericanAssociationofAnthropologicalGenetics
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521838092
© Cambridge University Press 2007
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2006
ISBN-13 978-0-511-33524-2 eBook (NetLibrary)
ISBN-10 0-511-33524-5 eBook (NetLibrary)
ISBN-13 978-0-521-83809-2 hardback
ISBN-10 0-521-83809-6 hardback
ISBN-13 978-0-521-54697-3 paperback
ISBN-10 0-521-54697-4 paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Contents
List of Contributors pagevii
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Foundations of Anthropological Genetics 1
M.H. Crawford
PartI Theory 17
Chapter 2 Partitioning of Genetic Variation in
Human Populations and the Concept of Race 19
Lorena Madrigal and Guido Barbujani
Chapter 3 Natural Experiments in Human Gene Mapping:
The Intersection of Anthropological
Genetics and Genetic Epidemiology 38
Joe Terwilliger and Joe Lee
Part2 Methods 77
Chapter 4 The Importance of Field Research in
Anthropological Genetics: Methods,
Experiences and Results 79
M. H. Crawford
Chapter 5 The Confluence of Anthropological
Genetics and Anthropological Demography 112
James H. Mielke and Alan G. Fix
Chapter 6 Molecular Markers in Anthropological
Genetic Studies 141
Rohina Rubicz, Phil Melton, and Michael Crawford
Chapter 7 The Use of Quantitative Traits in
Anthropological Genetic Studies
of Population Structure and History 187
John Relethford
Chapter 8 Ancient DNA and its Application to the
Reconstruction of Human Evolution and History 210
Dennis O’Rourke
Part3 GeneralApplications 233
Chapter 9 Applications of Molecular Genetics
to Forensic Sciences 235
Moses Schanfield
vi CONTENTS
Chapter 10 Emerging Technologies:
The Bright Future of Fluorescence 277
Eric Devor
Chapter 11 Mapping Genes Influencing Human
Quantitative Trait Variation 306
John Blangero, Jeff T. Williams, Laura Almasy and
Sarah Williams-Blangero
Part4 TheHumanDiaspora 335
Chapter 12 Human Origins Within and Out of Africa 337
Sarah A. Tishkoff and Mary Katherine Gonder
Chapter 13 The Peopling of Europe 380
Barbara Arredi, Estella S. Poloni and Chris Tyler-Smith
Chapter 14 The Peopling of Oceania 409
Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith
Chapter 15 The Prehistoric Colonization of the Americas 433
Francisco Salzano
Chapter 16 Anthropological Genetics: Present and Future 456
Henry Harpending
Index 467
Contributors
Laura Almasy, Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation
for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549
Barbara Arredi, Istituto di Medicina Legale, Universita Cattolica
del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Rome, Italy
Guido Barbujani, Department of Genetics, University of Ferrara,
Ferrara, Italy
John Blangero, Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for
Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549
Michael H. Crawford, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology,
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
EricJ.Devor,MolecularGeneticsandBioinformatics,IntegratedDNA
Technologies, 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, Iowa 52241
Alan G. Fix, Department of Anthropology, University of California,
Riverside, CA 92521
Mary Katherine Gonder, Department of Biology, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
Henry C. Harpending, Department of Anthropology, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
Joseph H. Lee, Department of Epidemiology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky
Centre, Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
Lorena Madrigal, Department of Anthropology, University of South
Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, Department of Anthropology, University
of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Phillip Melton, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
James H. Mielke, Department of Anthropology, 622 Fraser Hall,
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
Dennis H. O’Rourke, Department of Anthropology, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
EstellaS.Poloni,DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityofGeneva,
Geneva, Switzerland
John H. Relethford, Department of Anthropology, State University
of New York College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820
Rohina C. Rubicz, Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
Francisco M. Salzano, Departamento de Genetica, Instituto de
Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa
Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Allegre, RS, Brazil
Moses Schanfield, Department of Forensic Sciences, 2036 H
Street, NW, 103 Samson Hall, George Washington University,
Washington DC 20052
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Joseph D. Terwilliger, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia
University, New York, NY 10032
Sarah A. Tishkoff, Department of Biology, University of Maryland,
College Park, MD 20742
Chris Tyler-Smith, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton,
United Kingdom
Jeff T. Williams, Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for
Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549
Sarah Williams-Blangero, Department of Genetics, Southwest
Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549
