Anthology Of Orthopaedics

265 Pages·2016·26.27 MB·English

by  Mercer Rang

Anthology Of Orthopaedics
Mercer Rang
ANTHOLOGY OF ORTHOPAEDICS
ANTHOLOGY
OF ORTHOPAEDICS
MERGER RANG F.A .0 .S .
Senior Lecturer in Orthopaedic Surgery
University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
E. & S. LIVINGSTONE LTD
1968
Edinburgh and London
This book is protected under the Berne Convention. It
may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in
part, without permission. Application with regard to
reproduction should be addressed to the Publishers.
©
E. & S. LIVINGSTONE LTD., 1966.
First Edition..................................1966
Reprinted.......................................1968
Printed in Great Britain.
ORTHOPAEDIA
As to the Title, I have formed it of two
Greek words, viz. ORTHOS, which
signifies straight, free from deformity,
and PAIS, a child.
Out of these two words, I have com­
pounded that of ORTHOPAEDIA, to
express in one term the design I propose,
which is to teach the different methods
of preventing and correcting deformities
of children.
Nicholas Andry, 1741
PREFACE
“There’s a Pott’s fracture for you!”
“I don’t know what you mean by ‘a Pott’s fracture’,” said Alice.
“I meant, there’s ‘a nice fractured ankle’ for you!”
“But, a Pott’s fracture doesn’t mean ‘a nice fractured ankle’,” Alice
objected.
“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said in a rather scornful tone,
“It means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less.” (With
apologies to Lewis Carroll.)
Once a name becomes a cliche, everyone is free to interpret it as they
wish. So many diseases, physical signs and methods of treatment known
after famous men, particularly in orthopaedics, have become cliches. Their
original meaning is lost in the past or lies between the unopened covers of
an almost forgotten book. I am not greatly in favour of eponymous names,
but, if they are to be retained, they should be used with accuracy. If medical
textbooks are to serve as Rolls of Honour, the gravestones should carry the
correct names. Opponents to this form of ancestor worship must not be
allowed to destroy it by making it vague and meaningless, but should be
encouraged to use the alternative descriptive title.
How can meaning and definition be restored? Not by asking, and not by
reading current works, but only by studying the original. This is not easy:
the original is often hard to find (as there are only a few cities in the world
with suitable libraries) and may be written in another language. Because of
the difficulties, few people have the time or opportunity to read for themselves
the articles that have added new words to the language or new ideas to
surgical thinking.
The intention of this book is to give new life to classical orthopaedic
literature—to make it available once more. This is a guide book; the contents
have been selected for their interest without attempting to be comprehensive.
Most of the papers have been reproduced only in part, in order to compile
a book of manageable size. Many subjects have not been touched upon:
some were too long; some did not catch my attention, and some subjects
have seen such a slow build-up of knowledge that no particular account is
outstanding.
Rather than produce an encyclopaedia, I have tried to produce an un­
believably good volume of an orthopaedic journal. One of the subconscious
pleasures of reading a current journal is that it enables the reader to discover
the activities of his friends and rivals. This link is missing when one goes
into the past. In order to recreate this, I have included biographies and
vii
PREFACE
portraits of the authors. Most of them were men of the greatest eminence.
I say this once, at the beginning, because in trying to bring them alive again
I dealt with them anecdotally, and perhaps irreverently, since a catalogue
of their honours and distinctions reduces their individual calibre, and may
make one distinguished man very like another. Serious students of biography
will find a fist of references to more formal material at the end.
The idea for this anthology came whilst I was working for Lipmann
Kessel, Esq., whose stimulating teaching is often enlivened by historical
reference. Without the atmosphere he generated, and the encouragement
he gave, this would never have been completed. Much of the anthology
was written at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital where the facilities
available were of great help to me. I wish to thank Robert Whitley, F.R.P.S.
for preparing the illustrations and my portrait sketches for publication,
C. Davenport, B.Sc., A.R.C.S., the Librarian, for helping me find much
of the material; the Librarians at University College Hospital Medical
School, The Wellcome Historical Medical Library, The Royal College of
Surgeons of England and the Universite de Paris were all very helpful.
Translations were prepared by my neighbours Dieter Pevsner and Dr. H. J.
Hirsch, Dr. J. Wicht and my wife. Miss Morrant Baker kindly lent me a
portrait of her father. Colonel Metz, U.S.M.S. sent me a memoir and
portrait of Keller. My mother and my wife prepared the typescript. Dr.
Derek Kirkpatrick read some of the proofs. I am grateful to the following
for permission to reproduce copyright material:
Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, Ltd.: Jules Tinel, Nerve Wounds.
Capelli: M. Ortolani, La Lussazione congenita dell anca.
Longmans Green & Co. Ltd.: R. A. Stafford, The Injuries, the Diseases,
Distortions of the Spine.
Oxford University Press: T. P. McMurray, Robert Jones Birthday Volume.
Archiv fur orthopadische und Unfall-Chirurgie; Berliner klinische
Wochenschrift; British Journal of Surgery; Bulletin et memoires de la
Societe de medicale Hopiteaux de Paris; Deutsche medizinische Wochen­
schrift; Glasgow Medical Journal; Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery;
Korrespondenzblatt fur schweizer Arzte; The Lancet; New England
Journal of Medicine; Presse medicale; Proceedings of the Royal Society;
Revue de medecine; St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports; Surgery, Gyn­
ecology & Obstetrics; Verhandlungen der deutschen gesellschaft fur
Chirurgie; Verhandlungen naturhistorich-medizinische Vereins; Zeitschrift
orthopadische Chirurgie.
Finally, Mr. Charles Macmillan and Livingstones deserve my gratitude for
turning a manuscript into a finely produced book.
To all these kindly, generous and helpful people I offer my sincere thanks.
Kingston, Jamaica, 1965. M.R.
CONTENTS
Preface - - - - - - - - - - - - vii
Part One
Introduction
General Landmarks - - - - - - - - - - i
Part Two
Classic Descriptions of Disease
Infections: Spinal Tuberculosis: Hippocrates - 6
Pott’s Paraplegia - - - - - - - 7
Brodie’s Abscess - - - - - - - 13
T om Smith’s Arthritis of Infancy - - - - 16
Bone Disease: Paget’s Disease of Bone - - - - - - 19
Ollier’s Dyschondroplasia - - - - - 24
Leri’s Melorheostosis - - - - - - 26
Subungual Exostosis: Dupuytren 29
Joint Disease: Internal Derangement of the Knee: Hey 30
Baker’s Cyst - - - - - - - - 3 2
Hoffa’s Disease of the Fat Pad of the Knee 34
Madelung’s Deformity - - - - - - 36
Still’s Disease - - - - - 38
Charcot’s Joints - - - - - - - 42
Neuromuscular Little’s Cerebral Palsy - - - - - - 48
Disease: Brachial Plexus Injuries: Erb: Klumpke 52
Neurofibromatosis: Smith 57
Sciatica: Cotugno : M iddleton & T eacher : Goldthwait 59
Morton’s Metatarsalgia: M orton: Durlacher 67
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Paget: Ormerod 70
Myositis Ossificans Progressiva: Freke 72
Osteochondritis Scheuermann’s Disease - - - - - - 74
Juvenalis: Coxa Plana: Legg - - - - - - - 7 6
Apophysitis of the Tibial Tubercle: Paget: Osgood - 79
Note: Names in capitals indicate a biography and portrait.
ix
CONTENTS
Trauma: Shock: Marshall Hall - - - - - - 83
Ruptured Tendo Achillis: Par£ - - - - - 86
Pulled Elbow: Thomas - - - - - - 86
Volkmann’s Ischaemic Contracture 88
Fractures:
Colles’ Fracture - - - - - - - 9 0
Smith’s Fracture - - - - - - - 93
Bennett’s Fracture - - - - - - - 9 5
M onteggia’s Fracture - - - - - - 97
Galeazzi’s Fracture - - - - - - - 9 7
Pott’s Fracture - - - - - - - - 9 9
Dupuytren’s Fracture - - - - - - 1 0 2
Freiberg’s Infraction - - - - - - - 103
Miscellaneous: Gout: Hippocrates: Sydenham - - - - - 107
Dupuytren’s Contracture - - - - - - 109
De Quervain’s Stenosing Tenovaginitis - - - 115
Vertebra Plana: Calv£ - - - - - - 1 1 7
Ganglion: Paul of Aegina - - - - - - 120
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Marie - - - - - 1 2 1
Part Three
Pathology
Congenital Dislocation of the Hip: Dupuytren - - 128
Callus Formation: Dupuytren - - - - - 130
Part Four
Physical Signs
Heberden’s Nodes - - - - - - - 1 3 6
Thomas’ Hip Flexion Test - - - - - 137
Trendelenburg’s Test - - - - - - 139
Ortolani’s Sign - - - - - - - 1 4 4
Gauvain’s Sign - - - - - - - - 1 4 5
McMurray’s Sign - - - - - - - 146
Froment’s Sign - - - - - - - - 1 4 7
Tinel’s Sign - - - - - - - - 1 4 8
The Lasegue Sign - - - - - - - 1 5 0
CONTENTS
Part Five
Treatment
Splints and Positions for Splinted Limbs: Pare - - - 154
Apparatus: Function of Splints: Pott - - - - - - 1 5 5
Plaster of Paris: Mathysen - - - - - - 157
Thomas’ Splint - - - - - - - - 159
Traction: Buck: Hamilton Russell - - - - 161
Esmarch’s Bandage - - - - - - - 1 6 7
Operations on Osteotomy: Barton: Mayer: Macewen - - - 175
Bone: Bone Grafting: Macewen - - - - - - 1 8 5
Internal Fixation: Lane - - - - - - 1 8 7
Operations on Arthroplasty: White: Barton: Syme: Davies-Colley:
Joints: Keller - - - - - - - - - 193
Arthrodesis: Park: Albert - - - - - - 208
Operations on Tenotomy: Little - - - - - - - 212
Tendons: Tendon Transplantation: Robert Jones: Waterman - 215
Reductions: Dislocated Shoulder: Hippocrates: Kocher - - - 225
Fractured Neck of Femur: Leadbetter - 228
Coda ........................................................................................................................230
Appendix: How to find biographies, etc. - - - - - - - 2 3 1
Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - 233
Index of Biographies - - - - - - - - - - 238
Index - 241