Antenna theory: analysis and design. Chapter 1-8

458 Pages·2016·18.59 MB·English

by  Balanis C.A.

ANTENNA

THEORY
THE LATEST RESOURCE
FOR THE STUDY OF ANTENNA THEORY!

th a discipline that has experienced vast technological changes, this text
offers the most recent look at all the necessary topics. Highlights include:

+ New coverage of microstrip antennas provides information essential to 2
wide variety of practical designs of rectangular and circular patches,
including computer programs.

+ Applications of Fourier transform (spectral) method fo antenna radiation.
+ Updated material on moment methods, redar cross section, mutual

mpedances, aperture and horn antennas, compact range designs, and
antenna mezsurements,

A NEW EMPHASIS ON DESIGN!

TBalaais features a tremendous incrense in design procedures and oq vations.
‘This presents a solid solution to the challenge of meting real life situa
tions faced by engineers. Computer progranis contained i die book— and
accompanying software— have been developed to kelp engineers analyze,
design, and visualize the radiation characteristies of antenni

WN O-472-E52LB-4

WM
ANTENNA THEORY

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS
scasTIONG HOSTOR Sexe Pe

About The Author

Gmswatie A. Balen eccve his BSEE degree from Wisisia Polstectate Insti
Bucsshurg, i 196%, tis MEE dsgies fms University of Vicginia, Chalets, 1
196 anal Ws PaD degree clerical engnecring from Oto Ste Unversity, Com

nus, 1969,

From 164 0 [97D he wa withthe NASA Langley Research Centrin ‘Ianpion
Viignia, sn fm 197010 1983 be was wih -he Pepsiment os Pesca Pagincei
‘Wer Virginia Univesity, Morgantown, In ‘982 he joined Arizona Sate Univers
Tornpe, abd fe Hs now Regsats” Professor of Flesecal Lmginesring. He (aches

iaust end undergraduate cours in electomagnatie they, antennas, and ec
Seve cucuis, Ti rexemch incre are in Tow al igheieqieney memerisal an
ionpuatonsl techniques tor antennas and westerns, elstromngnctic wie pre
fates in istowave imegrtsd cit trnmission Hes, ang ul path save
ftca Hl eceivec the Arizona State Lniversity Oustrng Crate Menor Awa
Fer 1995, the Gradonte Teaching Lseellenes Awad, Schoo of Eagincoting, Azan
State Univesity for 1987-1936, th 1989 "EEE Region 6 Individusl Achievement
Award, are dhe 1992 Spucial Professionals Asan othe IEEE Pox Section
‘r, Balanis in a Falow af IGE, anda member of ASFE, Fleewonstancticy
Academs, Sigma Xi, Ta Bete Pi, Bit Kapys No and Phi Keppa Phi, He tas sored
a the Associate Tor of the ILL Transactions on Antena ad Propagat
(974-1877 and IEEE Teusscctonson Geoneiece aed Remote Senin (19R21788,
tor ot the Newaletier forthe [LLP Gaoaeiznce end Revo Sensing Society 298
1983), Second Viee-President of the TEFE Gossenoe ast Renote Seasing Socio
(1985) and x Chainan of the Disinguished Lacrurer Progiem (0988-91) ane men
5), {1997-99} 08 tke IEEE Antennas
and Propagation Society. He i sa tho author of Advanced Enghwering Electron
tigneticn Jolin Wiley & Sons, New York, 190}, and “Horn Antennas” Chaptor 8
in Avene Hondbaok: Theory. Applications, and Design (YT, Lo aad S. WL
Editors, Van Nostad Reino Co New ork, 1088

ber of the Adiiniteative Comite (19
Preface

‘This second ein of Antena Theory is designed te mee: the needs of eletica!
glace ws pipes sidenote nian unergriclad ned Yogi Ba
loves nd those ef racing ensners ss all. 7
have alonowledge of basic undefgraducteelestomagact cory. inching Blane
equations and the wove equation, inuoductry physics, end ciftential ad into
Salat, Mathematica techniques requied fc undersaning sone advance topics
in th lator chapters ae incorporatcal in

The s2cond edition ofthe Book has maitsined all ofthe alractve features ofthe
fics edison, Howover te

Text proses tht the sten's

individ chapler apace inchuled ae

have boen many new features alee so chi eon
parccular, an ette saapter is devoted fo the ana yas al esign af meron
Satennay intddetory material hee boee dod forthe Fourier ers «spectral
‘Soir miahod, souplng, mer croey section for snennss, aportare-mtehed sd
rmultinade hoes, neu-aeld 9 Sarfeld m

ireren, sel sommpact range ehaber
ign and instromentaton fer ate tid RCS sneesurenns, Tce ah Hert
in dea

m procedres and eijat ure; FORTRAN coatpulr prigrams at the eral of
most ofthe chapter hat can be used for esi and analyas: alia exannses,
EiLofchapter problems, snd eur aad thee dimensional lista ons ad updated
tuatrial on Moment Wethed sd wala inpd

hasbeen developed, based on the Finite Difference Time-Domsin mad (animate

eos nado, aeompate pees

‘whic i inchided ih he bk
‘Tae Hook's main objetive is 2 inwedues ja @ ued manner, the fundamen
txinsiples of ste theory snd to apply thom to te enayss, design, and measure

rss, Because there aero any mth bf wiles and dasign and
sethora of enna structures, spp ieaticas ate muse ta sme of te most base al
practia! souigurations, sash af linear dipoles, logps, rays, boedend and fe
‘quene-inependenc annus, ajerresatemnts orn inierns, eos antennas,
fd retlector enna,

Introductry material oo anlgtical methods, such as the Manaat mth and
Fuser tnsforn pect

technique, also inte, These techniques, with the
fundamental pisiples of antenna “aco, a be weed to alyas and cosign anc
ny anianaa configuition. A ckapier on anlean reasiremesteintrdnces seo
hese methods sod inthe reiwiremerts of the tran se amen chia sri
tern, ga, dsotivty, cadiaton effcien’y,impmtance rte, an povizaion)
wal aos progres mace in anton iesitmentstio,awennn rime ese, aM
Sole raacling, Tecknighes snd systems vs in test 1 Fate mens remente an
Tranveemations ar esa dee sed
1 Proce

{ suletont umber of tepis have bees covert some TOF Che fst me im aa
lanaergracte tex, so tha he book sl serve nt only a6 ea, Bu aso gs referenee
Tor the praceing and design engineer ane even he anaeur Fao a, These sclade
féesign procedures for Yagl-Ldt and lap penolie aay. Dore. and ecroia
paces: symhesiswehm yes usiag the Schelkinnf, Fouier tans, Woodward
Laesor,Tsthehysehelt ad Tir method ridation sharers of coma
ajetue:maiched, and mulinade hots anslyss and des gh of recang lar and i
lar intros patches and mutch tectniqdes suchas the Diner, “scnbys
hel. [> gama, and ontea iatehes,

Te text contains suicent rates! deta wo enable de average undrgsit
tte electical engiveerig el pynicsssadensto foo, witout to much Sfaculty,
the flow of analyeis and ces, A cern amotnt of antiga deta, gor a
toroughnsss allows may ofthe topies ta be traced to theirorgia. My experiences
aastudent, engines, and feaher have shorn tht «text fortis course mst at b
2 book of unrlsas formulas. and it must ot esemb-e a “euokho0k,” Tis boos
hopins with the most elementary materia, develups wlclsing concepts needed for
scent opis, ant progrerses to mare alvanced meth ais system confiprs-
tions. Each erapter is the into sectors subsections whose Inavicual hea
ings lacy identify the antenna charactersicte) diseased, exained, of illustrates

§ disingoished facia this bc ft he-dimens‘onal graphical Muststions
fiom te frst otto, whish neye been expurded ind supplemetted in the second
son Inthe pst ants texts ave espe he (roe-dhmensiona energy raced
by ex unkenra by's nuriber of spurete weo-cimeasionsl pacers. With te advent
snc revolutionary advances in dial computations sod graphica dlspays. a al:
{eon cimensioy bas heen induced for she ts tie in af underpraduate ade
lext oy dsplayirg te raciaed energy af agisenraaor yx singl, dee dees

apical Must, Sat an image, formed by the graphical capaeiies of the
foputer and avalaMe at ost computational flies, gles a clear view oF the
ery recut mal space sucoundity te ae. Is oped tha his wil ea
thoter undestunding of he underlving pelnlpts of aon and hac it wil provide
‘ciate sisalization ofthe patern Formation in all pace

In addition, there san abundance of general graphical Mostarioas, design da
refeenees, and adiional ables. Many af 2 pnlpls ao astral. wih ex
Ample. graphical illstrations, and piyscal arguments. Alhoush students ae en
oasinged thc they undesiae the principles licutes sive shen they tempt
te them, Ar example, especially e graphics! hasraon, ean often ete umn
tose prisspies, As Cay say, "a plete Is woth a thousand wer

[Namerisalveetngues at eumapur solutions are Hustated and encouraged. A
sumer of FORTRAN computer progis sn subousines ae Iachiced a the end
Chaotes 1, 2,4, 5, 6,8, 1G 11,13, and 14. The program athe end o¢ Chater F can
bs sed wo mate aad then visuals eeclation by an infinite line sourescaven ap
Cavssian pulse and an plane store! hom enegized by a einuc cos sola
sures. To accompli ls, he user feeds He professional edicos oF MATLAB. All
‘oF ie computer progtars, especially those at he end nf Capers 6, 11,13, and 1,
nave beer doveloped design, respectively, unifom and numa 379s, hag
logis dpoie acess, horns, nd eleroseyp patch emma. Is Some canes. the
‘computer programy so perform analsis on tre desig, The props at tae en of
‘Gruptess 2,4, 5, 8, 10 ae vimarly devslozed for analysis computer ds th
the soumee codes Is Inch’ wt the book. These can Ee aval Wo perrarm roti
alelaians of comp ex funetioes andor fecullions, to eatry «ut aumerial

rotons UP sant Be perfied in cose orn si to csp’ solutions in rape
Frolee it

form, The proNen st the end af each chapter can bo wd to apy hie underlying

principles caniea theory to th lysis and design of many praca radiate

Far couive ust th ext nied primal fora two-remser (rte of toe
queer sequence in unfemnn theory, The fea cour should be given st the senior
Uindergrduace level ane should cover ost of the mattialin Chapters | ehrough 7
tod Chapter 16, The rtatral in Chaput @ through 15 abuuld te covered ia a
beginning graduate level enue, Selected chapter ad section Fa he oak ean be
vero in sighs ssinestr, witout loss feantinuly However, iis slinoeensntal
fa ost of Ge atrial fa Capers 2 through 6 be covsnad in theft couse ad

refoe proceeding tay rie svanced tps. To over all the mata af he tet

inthe proposed tne fame wuld ben sorte cates, avery aathitious tsk, Seiien

topics have bee inelidod, ores, toma the fort complete ato give the teacher

© Teniity te omphatzs Je eps, oF omit sovons or eaters, Some of the
sections can he sitd witout los of eotinlty

To the ete book ane cine variation is sumed and its suppressed. ‘The

Inje-nuional Syston of Unis, which in an expanded form of the estionalized MKS,
system, fe wed in the text. Tn sone eases, the unis of Teagth are in mony (or
entimsere) and in feet (ot ischos). Numbers in pareatesee( ) rer 9 equations,
wheres thors sa racks | | veer to references, Far emphast, the mos reports
fsustions, one they are derived, ar boxsd A Solutions Manua. fr ll end of chapter
problemi ie availible forthe istrser.

Tryoul is teaeknoslexge the invaioshiesgestion. and eanstretive cris
sf the reviouer forthe sesond ection of this books Dr, Bawend Joy of Georgia
‘Tech, Dr, Stun A Lang of Uaiversityo° Houston, De Davi M, Poss af Universy
of Massashusots, Dr Eesti Babar 2f the University of Nebraska and Dr, PstI
Mayes of iversiy of line, Urbans, and thowe of the es etn from =)
salleagie Dr. Thomas Tice of Arizona Sate Univeity ana Dr, Chiron Wal

SF TRW orally oF Ohio State University) Alo I would like to aeknowladge the

onions, etl of the chaperorcblems, and figures revided by my eoleague Dr
Tames U, Aber rd Dr: Rogor D, Rel af Ohia Univanity
The

it procfteading of tbe galas sad page
roots would at ae hows poeple witha the consthuions from may of my and
fiber grade sents at Aizena Site Univers. Ii a pleinre to acknowledge
thosecof Anite: Polearpou forthedvlopmentof neyo" tecornputa:pyog-ams
for Chaps 6,8, 13, and 1 ad prepacation of the compute disc; Seoag-Ook and
Jeong Suk Park. ur completion of he solutions riansal 21 proofesdieg the galleys

ge pr Dr Pansyiot A, Tekts octe developmen: othe semper progr
or Yoga gery and anaysie of hort and many’ ofthe naw tee dimensional
‘compu genratd ilustetinys Willan W_-Andeew forthe development ofthe an
Fton-visualation couputar pograt: Ceti R, Biche for amentia peter mone

ements, a material on ear to fu ield messurenents aad corypac ranges; Chis
1, Wsop forthe developinent af she sempute pograns For te design and ancysis
{log peiolie dipole sey. Dav d M. Koketoff for rosin the Bala’ s-oment

Malt com puter progian, and Tamara Specie, Konstantinos D, Kaiba, ane Sin
or seofeaing tie galleys and pepaetcion of ersphiea stations,

Since inany of te anigue features ofthis Bonk cary ave fom the Rt eon,

Til seknosledge the contr butions of my graduate sents at West Virgin Unic

sesity, espeilly those of Toa L Jeffiey. Many thaaks goto all those areessrs,

Yrattcing engicer, ane studencs, who over the years af the fist ediion provided

valuable suggestions and corto. [leo ovat io acknowledge the ex3er ty
>y Linda 8, Atmeson of the ational material include inthe revised snus cad
© Kalhy Muckerhitn for hancling many of the lgistes durag pubeation. Meny
Ihsnks Df, Ave? Z, Fishertent and Claysorae D, Taylor lia of Liters 0}
/Msstsipp fo pemiting and welding Ue use ofthe 2-0 Antenne Pern Per
RecionyutarPoter computer progan

To fe compan es and inciviuals “ar povided stations an! cops per
nissions, 1am Tost eppreciave. Tam also grate te te staff of soln Wiey &
Sons, Ine, estocaly Steven Ele, Wiley eitor of elsetcal snginesring, for
intrest in Le publication ofthe second aio. Specs hanks alo 9 Suzan hgae
fof Ingrao Asseites, produstion editor of tis hook, fer her arfessonal help. Final),
Trnust express grattude 3 Helen, Reni and Stepoanie fr rosea the gills

etionc,sicnfie and urdersanting forthe any Hoos
Df gles daring ths completion ofthe Ses and second eden of ths ba0k

Constantine A Balavis
Arieona State Unversity
Tempe, AZ