Antarctica: Contributions to Global Earth Sciences

473 Pages·2006·33.07 MB·English

by  Dieter K. Fütterer

Dieter K. Fütterer
Detlef Damaske
Georg Kleinschmidt
Hubert Miller
Franz Tessensohn
(Editors)
ANTARCTICA
Contributions to Global Earth Sciences
Dieter K. Fütterer
Detlef Damaske
Georg Kleinschmidt
Hubert Miller
Franz Tessensohn
(Editors)
ANTARCTICA
Contributions to Global Earth Sciences
Proceedings of the IX International Symposium of Antarctic Earth Sciences Potsdam, 2003
With 289 Figures, 47 in color
Editors
Prof. Dr. Dieter Karl Fütterer
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
P.O. Box 12 01 61, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Detlef Damaske
Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR)
Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Georg Kleinschmidt
Institute for Geology and Paleontology, J.W.-Goethe-University
Senckenberganlage 32, 60054 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hubert Miller
Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section Geology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Franz Tessensohn
Lindenring 6, 29352 Adelheidsdorf, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Cover photo: Scenic impression of Marguerite Bay coastline, Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica
(photograph: AWI). Inset left: Multispectral satellite image map of Antarctica using Advanced Very
High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (image: USGS). Inset right: Multibeam swath-sonar record of
sub-sea volcanic structures in Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula (image: AWI).
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005936395
ISBN-10 3-540-30673-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN-13 978-3-540-30673-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
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Preface
The almost completely ice covered Antarctic continent and the seasonally to permanently
ice covered Southern Ocean surrounding it, have in no way lost their fascination and
interest for geoscientists. With increasing scientific and public awareness for global change
matters, the Antarctic region receives particular interest. Ongoing research on marine
sediments, lake sediments and ice cores shed more and more light on climate history not
only of the Antarctic region in particular but also on a global scale. For decades, Antarctic
hard rock research relied on comparisons of the continent’s scarce outcrops with those of
the better exposed parts of Gondwana for an understanding of the geology of Antarctica.
More recently, the results of broader Antarctic research, including of the deep ocean floor,
have been introduced to help understanding Gondwana accretion and dispersal as a whole.
340 participants from 28 countries registered for the IX International Symposium of
Antarctic Earth Sciences, held in the magnificent premises of the Potsdam University
(see group photo) from 8 to 12 September 2003. The aim of the conference was to focus
on the role of the Antarctic continent and the surrounding Southern Ocean in global
geodynamics and paleoenvironmental evolution. This was pursued by a number of ma-
jor themes, each subdivided in a number of sessions. Oral presentations added up to 175
and about 200 posters and maps, in three poster sessions, were contributed. Out of these,
about 80 contributions were submitted for publication in the Proceedings Volume and
60 papers were finally accepted after peer-review.
At the beginning of planning for the IX International Symposium of Antarctic Earth
Sciences the Steering Committee had discussed if it might be more appropriate to pub-
lish all submitted papers in one “big, more multidisciplinary volume” – as was the tradi-
tion so far – or better to publish in various more specific journals in order to maximise
impact. There was a long controversial discussion which, in the end, reached no conclu-
sion and the subject was kept open for consideration of the National Organising Com-
mittee, which finally decided to return to the concept of all earlier Antarctic earth science
symposia.
As a consequence, you have this book in your hands, containing some 60 papers cover-
ing the traditionally wide field of Antarctic geoscientific research. The volume is orga-
nized into eight chapters, which to a large extent, follow the major themes of the sympo-
sium.
The contributions to the session “James Ross and Seymour Islands” and the results of
the workshop on “Seymour and James Ross Island paleoenvironments across the K/T bound-
ary”, held before the symposium in Potsdam, will be published by the convenors in a
separate volume entitled “Cretaceous–Tertiary high-latitude paleoenvironments, James
Ross Basin, Antarctica”.
Another special workshop on “East–West Antarctic Tectonics and Gondwana Break-up
60°W to 30°E” was held in the general framework of this ISAES conference. Seven papers,
dealing with new geophysical interpretations and regional compilations of the East Antarc-
tic continental margin from the Weddell Sea to the Cosmonaut Sea off Enderby Land, were
published separately in a special issue of Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 25 (2005).
The Editors
V
I
P
re
fa
ce
9th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, Potsdam, Germany. Photograph of participants, 11 September 2003, in front of the magnificent building of the Comuns, opposite the
New Palace (Neues Palais), where one of the lecture halls of the symposium was placed. Today, the Comuns, part of the impressive New Palace complex which was built by Frederick the Great
as a summer residence between 1763 and 1769, are used by the University of Potsdam. It seems more than strange to think that this imposing building, with its great double flights of steps and
its columned halls, housed the domestic quarters and the kitchens, and that servants lived behind these facades
Acknowledgments
Scientific conferences are in no way self-organizing events but depend on great ef-
forts from many people, not all of whom appear visibly on the stage. There is the
International Steering Committee, which offered its generous advice, especially dur-
ing the early phase of planning. There is the National Organizing Committee, which
made the symposium happen, with the tremendous support of many local volun-
teers, students and scientists, again unnamed. Special thanks in this field go to Claudia
Kirsch, Gabriela Schlaffer and Renate Wanke at the desk of the Conference Office for
their untiring efforts in helping the participants to cope with local problems, inform-
ing on changes to the daily programme, and keeping the files in the symposium’s
background. Many thanks go also to the leaders of the excellent field excursions held
before and after the symposium, as well as for various kinds of sightseeing tours in
the Potsdam area, sometimes organized ad hoc during the symposium.
Last but not least, there is this book, which kept the editors busier than initially
expected, so that the dream of publishing the volume within a year could not materi-
alize. The book would never have materialized without the great effort of the numer-
ous colleagues involved in the refereeing process. Many thanks to these colleagues!
Anandakrishnan, Sridhar, University Park Anderson, John, Houston
Barrett, Peter, Wellington Beblo, Martin, Fürstenfeldbruck
Behrend, John, Boulder Birkenmajer, Krzysztof, Krakow
Bockheim, James, Madison Boger, Steve, Melbourne
Bozzo, Emanuele, Genova Bradshaw, John, Christchurch
Brancolini, Giuliano, Trieste Buggisch, Werner, Erlangen
Camerlenghi, Angelo, Barcelona Capponi, Giovanni, Genova
Capra, Alessandro, Taranto Cremer, Holger, Utrecht
Dalziel, Ian, Austin Damaske, Detlef, Hannover
Damm, Volkmar, Hannover Diester-Haass, Liselotte, Saarbrücken
Dietrich, Reinhard, Dresden Eagles, Graeme, Bremerhaven
Eckstaller, Alfons, Bremerhaven Ehrmann, Werner, Leipzig
Eisen, Olaf, Bremerhaven Fabian, Karl, Bremen
Ferraccioli, Fausto, Cambridge Finn, Carol, Denver
Fitzsimons, Ian, Perth Frimmel, Hartmut, Würzburg
Froitzheim, Niko, Bonn Gohl, Karsten, Bremerhaven
Goodge, John, Duluth Gore, Damian, Sydney
Grobe, Hannes, Bremerhaven Haak, Volker, Potsdam
Harley, Simon, Edinburgh Hegner, Ernst, München
Henjes-Kunst, Friedhelm, Hannover Hervé, Francisco, Santiago de Chile
Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Cambridge Hinz, Karl, Hannover
Horn, Peter, München Jacobs, Joachim, Bremen
Jokat, Wilfried, Bremerhaven Kind, Rainer, Potsdam
Kleinschmidt, Georg, Frankfurt a.M. Klemm, Dietrich, Dießen
Kölbl-Ebert, Martina, Eichstätt Korth, Wilfried, Berlin
Kraus, Stefan, München Krause, Reinhard, Bremerhaven
VIII Acknowledgments
Kristoffersen, Yngve, Bergen Läufer, Andreas, Hannover
Larter, Robert, Cambridge Lawson, Jenifer, Chicago
LeMasurier, Wesley, Denver López-Martínez, Jerónimo, Madrid
Lowry, Roy, Merseyside Lucchi, Renata, Barcelona
Lukas, Sven, St. Andrews Mäusbacher, Roland, Jena
Melles, Martin, Leipzig Meschede, Martin, Greifswald
Miller, Heinz, Bremerhaven Morelli, Andrea, Rome
Müller, Christian, Bremerhaven Nowaczyk, Norbert, Potsdam
Olesch, Martin, Bremen Pankhurst, Robert, Nottingham
Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria, Hamburg Poutanen, Markku, Masala
Reading, Anya, Canberra Reitmayer, Gernot, Hannover
Ricci, Carlo Alberto, Siena Röser, Hans, Hannover
Roland, Norbert, Hannover Rowell, Albert, Lawrence
Rutgers v.d. Loeff, Michiel, Bremerhaven Salvini, Francesco, Roma
Saul, Joachim, Potsdam Scheinert, Mirko, Dresden
Schenke, Hans-Werner, Bremerhaven Schüssler, Ulrich, Würzburg
Schulz, Hartmut, Tübingen Shibuya, Kazuo, Tokyo
Skinner, David, Lower Hutt Sorlien, Christopher, Tappan
Steinhage, Daniel, Bremerhaven Storey, Bryan, Christchurch
Studinger, Michael, Palisades Talarico, Franco, Siena
Ten Brink, Uri, Woods Hole Trouw, Rudolph, Rio de Janeiro
Uenzelmann-Neben, Gabriele, Bremerhaven Vaughan, Alan, Cambridge
Viereck-Götte, Lothar, Jena Vogt, Steffen, Freiburg
Wiens, Douglas, St. Louis Willan, Robert, Aberdeen
Wilson, Christopher, Melbourne Wilson, Gary, Dunedin
Winckler, Stefan, Würzburg Wise, Sherwood, Tallahassee
Wörner, Gerhard, Göttingen
IX International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences Held in Potsdam (Germany)
from 8 to 12 September 2003
International Steering Committee
Fred Davey, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Dieter K. Fütterer, Bremerhaven, Germany
Garrik Grikurov, St. Petersburg, Russia
Jerónimo López-Martínez, Madrid, Spain
Hubert Miller, München, Germany
Carlo Alberto Ricci, Siena, Italy
Roland Schlich, Strasbourg, France
Michael R.A. Thomson, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Rudolf A.J. Trouw, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Peter Noel Webb, Columbus/Ohio, USA
National Organizing Committee
Detlef Damaske, Federal Institute of Geosciences and Resources (BGR), Hannover
Reinhard Dietrich, Technical University of Dresden
Diedrich Fritzsche, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Potsdam
Dieter K. Fütterer, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Bremerhaven
Hans-W. Hubberten, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Potsdam
Georg Kleinschmidt, University of Frankfurt a.M.
Heinz Miller, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Bremerhaven
Hubert Miller, University of München (LMU)
Franz Tessensohn, Federal Institute of Geosciences and Resources (BGR), Hannover
Acknowledgments IX
Symposium Sponsors
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)
Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI)
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR)
Cambridge University Press, UK
Helicopter New Zealand LTD, New Zealand
Helicopter Resources PTY LTD, Australia
Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG, Germany
Reederei Ferdinand LAIESZ, Germany
RIEBER Shipping of Norway
Contents
Theme 1
History of Antarctic Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
A.B. Ford
1.1 The Road to Gondwana via the Early SCAR Symposia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
C. Lüdecke
1.2 Exploring the Unknown:
History of the First German South Polar Expedition 1901–1903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Theme 2
Antarctica – The Old Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
M. Funaki · P. Dolinsky · N. Ishikawa · A. Yamazaki
2.1 Characteristics of Metamorphosed Banded Iron Formation
and Its Relation to the Magnetic Anomaly in the Mt. Riiser-Larsen Area,
Amundsen Bay, Enderby Land, Antarctica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
T. Kawasaki · Y. Motoyoshi
2.2 Experimental Constraints on the Decompressional P-T Paths
of Rundvågshetta Granulites, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica . . . . . . .23
S. Baba · M. Owada · E.S. Grew · K. Shiraishi
2.3 Sapphirine – Orthopyroxene – Garnet Granulite from Schirmacher Hills,
Central Dronning Maud Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
M.J. D’Souza · A.V.K. Prasad · R. Ravindra
2.4 Genesis of Ferropotassic A-Type Granitoids of Mühlig-Hofmannfjella,
Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
A.K. Engvik · S. Elvevold
2.5 Late Pan-African Fluid Infiltration in the Mühlig-Hofmann-
and Filchnerfjella of Central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica . . . . . . . . . .55
Y. Motoyoshi · T. Hokada · K. Shiraishi
2.6 Electron Microprobe (EMP) Dating on Monazite from Forefinger Point
Granulites, East Antarctica: Implication for Pan-African Overprint . . . . . . . . . . .63
E.V. Mikhalsky · A.A. Laiba · B.V. Beliatsky
2.7 Tectonic Subdivision of the Prince Charles Mountains:
A Review of Geologic and Isotopic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69