Table Of ContentAnimals
Infographics
By Harriet Brundle
infographics
Designed by Matt Rumbelow
By Harriet Brundle
& Matt Rumbelow
Animals
Infographics
Contents
Page 4-5 Animals
Page 6-7 Mammals
Page 8-9 Birds
Words that
Page 10-11 Reptiles
are underlined
are explained in
Page 12-13 Amphibians
the glossary on
page 31.
Page 14-15 Fish
Page 16-17 Vertebrates
Page 18-19 Invertebrates
Page 20-21 Birth
Page 22-23 Food and Growth
Page 24-25 Reproduction
Page 26-27 Habitats
Page 28-29 Adaptation
©2017 Written by: A catalogue record
Book Life Harriet Brundle for this book is Page 30 Activity
available from
King’s Lynn BookLife
the British Library.
Norfolk PE30 4LS Edited by:
Publishing
Grace Jones Page 31 Glossary
ISBN: 978-1-78637-082-2 .com
Designed by:
All rights reserved
Printed in Malaysia Matt Rumbelow Page 32 Index
Order – The order of an
organism mostly depends
on what type of food it eats.
For example, a mammal that
eats meat belongs to the
Animals carnivorous order.
Carnivore Herbivore
An animal is a living organism. All animals
are divided into groups based on their
characteristics. This is called classification.
Family – Species that share
similar physical characteristics,
Kingdom – All living
such as cats, which have long
organisms belong to
tails and strong jaw muscles.
one of five kingdoms,
Lions and tigers belong to the
they are the animal,
family of cats known
plant, fungi, bacteria
as felidae.
and protist kingdoms.
Tiger Lion
Animals Plants Fungi Bacteria Protist
Phylum – The grouping of
organisms based on sharing
similar body characteristics,
for example if they are
vertebrates or invertebrates.
Genus – Certain species that share Species – A group of living things that
further characteristics with one share more distinctive characteristics
another. For example, species from and are able to reproduce with each other.
the cat (felidae) family that can roar
Vertebrate Invertebrate
belong to the panthera genus.
Class – Organisms are Siberian Tiger
divided into smaller
Kingdom: Animalia
groups, called classes,
Phylum: Chordata
that share further
Class: Mammalia
similar characteristics.
Order: Carnivora
For example, classes of
Family: Felidae (cat)
vertebrate animals are
Genus: Panthera tigris
mammals, birds, fish,
Species: P anthera
reptiles and amphibians. No two tigers have the
Mammal Amphibian
tigris altaicia
same stripe pattern.
4 5
The largest mammal on
Earth is the blue whale
at 30 metres long.
Mammals
A mammal is a class of animal
that breathes air through lungs,
has a backbone and grows hair.
Most mammals give birth to live
young. All female mammals have Human
Blue Whale
mammary glands, which are organs
that produce milk to feed their
young. Humans are also mammals.
Backbone
Ground Guard
Whiskers
Hairs Hairs
Many mammals grow more than one type
of hair on their bodies. Ground hairs are short
and thick to help maintain body temperature. The Etruscan shrew is
Guard hairs are longer and protect the animal the smallest mammal
from moisture. Whiskers are stiff hairs that on Earth at just four
help an animal to feel their way around. Etruscan Shrew centimetres long.
Breathing air
Human Hand
Mammals are warm-blooded animals, which means that they maintain
a stable body temperature, even if it’s very hot or very cold in their habitats.
It is thought there are around 5,000 different species of mammal.
Over 2,000 mammal species are rodents such as rats and mice.
49oc -34oc
6 7
4.5cm
Different birds lay eggs
of different sizes and
weights. One ostrich
egg weighs the same
as 24 chicken eggs.
15cm
Ostrich Egg
Birds
(1,200 grams)
Chicken Eggs
(50 grams)
Birds are a class of animal that are
warm-blooded, have a backbone,
feathers and hard beaks without teeth.
All birds have two wings; however, not all
can fly. Birds also lay hard-shelled eggs.
A bird’s beak is usually shaped according to what it eats. Feathers help to keep a bird warm, protect
it from moisture and camouflage it.
Cone shaped beak Thin and pointed beak Hooked beak
used for cracking seeds used for picking up insects found on birds of prey that
need to catch live food
Fossil records show
that birds are the last
surviving dinosaurs.
Keep warm Keep dry Camouflage
8 9
Reptile scales protect
the animal and help it
to keep moisture in its
body so that it does not
dehydrate. There are
two types of scales. Thin, overlapping scales
Reptiles
Spikey, independent scales
Reptiles are a class of animal that have
backbones,skin covered in scales and
Reptile
mostly lay soft-shelled eggs on land. Eggs
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals. This means that a reptile’s body temperature
Reptiles are air-breathing animals and
is not stable and will change depending on the temperature of its environment.
many live on land or in water.
49oc -34oc
There are four main reptile groups: turtles and tortoises, lizards
and snakes, crocodiles and alligators, and the tuatara.
Tortoise Snake
Crocodile Tuatara
Reptiles regularly shed their scales.
One tortoise, called Some reptiles, like snakes, shed
Harriet, lived to be their whole outer skin in one piece,
179 years old! which is then replaced with a new Reptiles inhabit every continent
one underneath. of the world, except Antarctica.
10 11
Amphibians usually
have moist, soft skin
Amphibians that they use to help
them breathe.
Amphibians are cold-blooded animals that
have a backbone. There are more than
They also lose moisture
6,000 species of amphibians.
through their skin, so they
tend to live nearer to water
When they are first born, amphibians live
in order to replenish the
in water and have gills. As they grow, they
water in their bodies and
develop lungs to breathe air on land.
keep their skin moist.
Frog
Life Cycle of a Frog
The tadpole
grows two front
legs and begins
The froglet can now
to develop lungs
Frogs have already live both on land
in order to come Amphibians are threatened by extinction because of habitat loss, pollution and disease.
developed gills and a The tadpole and in water. Once
up to the top of
tail before they hatch. begins to grow it loses the rest of its
the water and
They use their tail to two back legs tail it will become
breathe air.
wriggle out of their and the tail a fully grown
The smallest amphibian
egg. At this stage in becomes shorter. adult frog.
is a species of frog that
their lives, frogs are
is 0.7cm long!
called tadpoles.
Many amphibians
have long, sticky
tongues that help
catch their prey.
Actual size
12 13
Sailfish can
swim at speeds
of up to 68 mph!
Fish
Backbone
Fish are animals that
have gills and a backbone,
Scales
are cold-blooded and do
not have limbs with digits.
Most fish are covered in
Fish use their gills to breathe.
scales and must live in Gills
As water passes over tiny blood
water to survive.
vessels in the gills, oxygen enters
the fish’s body.
Gills
Many species of fish have a swim
Bladder
bladder, which is a special air-filled
organ that helps them to stay afloat.
Cartilaginous fish do not have a swim
bladder and so they must keep
Buoyancy
swimming all the time.
There are three main types of fish:
Jawless fish Bony fish have Cartilaginous fish
are fish with skeletons made have skeletons
There are 32,000 different species of fish.
no jaws. from bone. made from
cartilage.
14 15
backbone
Ver tebrates
Vertebrates are any species of animal 65,000
There are around
with a backbone and a skeleton. One
65,000 different
of the jobs of the backbone is to protect
species of vertebrate.
the spinal cord, which connects all the
different parts of the body to the brain.
Vertebrates only make up around 3% of all the animals on Earth.
The majority of animal species are invertebrates.
Vertebrates Invertebrates
3% 97%
Mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and
amphibians are all vertebrates.
Vertebrates have
a well-developed
brain and skeleton
Simple
and tend to be brain
more intelligent
than invertebrates.
Developed
brain
Vertebrate
Invertebrate
16 17
Arthropods are invertebrate animals that make up over 75% of the world’s
animal species. Most arthropods have a hard exoskeleton to protect them.
Arthropods include insects, crustaceans and arachnids.
Inver tebrates
Insects Crustaceans Arachnids
Invertebrates are animals that do not have
a backbone or an internal skeleton made
Some species of invertebrates form colonies. This means that groups of animals
of bone. Due to this, most invertebrates
stay together for most of their lives. They work together to keep the colony alive.
are small in size.
Bees, ants and termites all live in colonies.
Invertebrates have other
ways of supporting their bodies.
Some, like insects, have a hard
outer shell called an exoskeleton.
Worker ants
Grasshopper
gather food.
E
x
os
k
el
et
o
n Some ants
tend to the
larvae.
Others have sheets of muscle that
Some ants
are supported by fluid. This is called Body Covering
protect the
a hydrostatic skeleton.
food. Some ants
Muscle tend to the
Layer eggs.
Worm The queen
Fluid
gives birth
to young.
18 19
