Animal Rationality: Later Medieval Theories 1250–1350

284 Pages·2018·1.612 MB·English

by  Anselm Oelze

Animal Rationality
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Investigating Medieval Philosophy
Managing Editor
John Marenbon
Editorial Board
Margaret Cameron
Simo Knuuttila
Martin Lenz
Christopher J. Martin
volume 12
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imp
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Animal Rationality
Later Medieval Theories 1250–1350
By
Anselm Oelze
leiden | boston
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov
lc record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2017061201
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issn 1879-9787
isbn 978-90-04-36362-5 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-36377-9 (e-book)
Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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To all animals
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Contents
Preface xi
Introduction 1
1 What are and Why Study Later Medieval Theories of Animal
Rationality? 5
2 How to Study Later Medieval Theories? 12
3 Structure and Key Questions 16
Part 1
Animals and Rationality in the Middle Ages
Introduction to Part 1 20
4 The Role of Animals in the Middle Ages 21
5 Animal Souls and Sensory Cognition 28
6 Human Souls and the Triad of Intellectual Operations 36
7 Grey Areas 44
Part 2
Universal Cognition and Concept Formation
Introduction to Part 2 52
8 Estimation, Conceptualisation, and Categorisation (Thomas
Aquinas) 57
9 Intentions and Quiddities (Albertus Magnus) 70
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viii Contents
10 Elevated Intentions and Common Forms (Pseudo-Peter of
Spain) 78
11 Vague Particulars as Universals (Roger Bacon) 82
12 Universal Desire and Experience (John Buridan) 88
13 General Mental Representations (Peter of John Olivi) 95
Part 3
Judging
Introduction to Part 3 100
14 The Idea of Sensory Judgments 102
15 Natural Judgments (Thomas Aquinas) 106
16 Erroneous Judgments and Differences in Estimation (Albertus
Magnus) 112
17 Reflective and Experimental Judgments (Peter of John Olivi, John
Buridan) 116
18 The Ascription of Judgments and the Problem of Anthropomorphism
(William of Ockham, Adam Wodeham, Gregory of Rimini) 121
Part 4
Reasoning
Introduction to Part 4 132
19 Quasi-Reasoning (Thomas Aquinas, Gregory of Rimini, John Duns
Scotus) 134
20 Quasi-Reasoning and Cogitation (Roger Bacon) 142
21 Imperfect Argumentations and Practical Syllogisms (Albertus
Magnus) 150
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Contents ix
22 Material Souls and Degrees of Reasoning (John Buridan, Nicole
Oresme) 156
Part 5
Prudence
Introduction to Part 5 164
23 Memory vs. Recollection (Albertus Magnus) 168
24 Incomplete and Complete Memory (Thomas Aquinas, Roger
Bacon) 175
25 Foresight and Provision (Albertus Magnus, Bonaventure) 178
26 Quasi-Foresight and Quasi-Hope (Thomas Aquinas) 183
27 Operating for and towards the Future (Roger Bacon, Peter of John
Olivi) 189
28 Imperfect or Particular Prudence (Albertus Magnus, Thomas
Aquinas) 193
29 Prudence by Analogy (Giles of Rome, John Duns Scotus) 199
Part 6
Rationality without Reason?
Introduction to Part 6 204
30 Medieval and Contemporary Theories: The Differences 206
31 Medieval and Contemporary Theories: The Commonalities 209
32 Towards a Classification: Differentialist and Assimilationist
Explanations 217
33 Room for Rationality or Rationality without Reason 227
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x Contents
Conclusion 234
Bibliography 239
Index of Names 264
Index of Subjects 266
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