Table Of ContentOUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
Medieval History and Archaeology
GeneralEditors
JOHNBLAIR HELENAHAMEROW
Anglo-Saxon Towers of Lordship
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
MEDIEVAL HISTORY AND
ARCHAEOLOGY
GeneralEditors
JohnBlair HelenaHamerow
Thevolumesinthisseriesbringtogetherarchaeological,historical,andvisual
methodstooffernewapproachestoaspectsofmedievalsociety,economy,
andmaterialculture.Theseriesseekstopresentandinterpretarchaeological
evidenceinwaysreadilyaccessibletohistorians,whileprovidingahistorical
perspectiveandcontextforthematerialcultureoftheperiod.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED IN THISSERIES
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EditedbyJaneKershawandGarethWilliams
KINGSHIP,SOCIETY,ANDTHECHURCHINANGLO-SAXON
YORKSHIRE
ThomasPickles
ANGLO-SAXONFARMSANDFARMING
DebbyBanhamandRosamondFaith
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PARKSINMEDIEVALENGLAND
S.A.Mileson
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
ANGLO-SAXON
TOWERS
OF LORDSHIP
MICHAEL G. SHAPLAND
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
3
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
ToFiona,Matilda,andArthur
withlove
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
Acknowledgements
I first started thinking about the role of churches as defensible buildings in the
Anglo-SaxonlandscapeduringmytimeasanundergraduateatUCL,whenmy
interestintheperiodwasignitedbyAndrewReynolds’inspiringlecturesonthe
early medieval archaeology of Britain. Andrew went on to supervise the PhD
thesis on which this book is based (ably assisted by Mark Lake), and has
bestoweduponmesuchawealthofhistime,knowledgeandnaturalgenerosity
as to profoundly enrich my work as an archaeologist in all the years since.
My PhD was examined by John Blair and Kate Giles, which benefited my
work out of all proportion to the great cost in effort that this kindness will
haveentailed.Iamfortunatetohavespentayearstudyinghistoricbuildingson
Kate’sMAcourseinYork,andIcouldhaveaskedneitherforasounderbasisfor
all the research I have undertaken since, nor for a nicer or more engaging
teacher. Turning to John, it has been a huge source of intellectual satisfaction
andreassurancethatIhavebeenabletodrawuponhismasteryofourdiscipline
as this book has taken shape, and for his many wise observations on the text.
I am additionally gratefulto himfor makingavailable tome asectionfrom his
book, Building Anglo-Saxon England, prior to its publication, and for his
allowingmetoreproducehisplanofAnglo-SaxonOxford.Alsodeeplyinfluen-
tial to my thinking on this subject have been David Stocker for his deep-time
perspective and unfailingly contextual approach, Richard Gem for his know-
ledge of ecclesiastical architecture, and David Parsons for the insights that first
drewmetointerprettower-navesasbuildingsofsecularlordship.Itisamatter
ofgreatregretthatIamyettomeetDerekRenninperson,buthehasneverthe-
less provided me with such a wealth of detailed comment and expertise over a
longcorrespondencethatIcanonlyhopeheispleasedwiththeresult.
Camilla Rockwood has been a careful and patient copy-editor, and Cathryn
Steele, Anjanadevi Karthikeyan, Helena Hamerow, Christina Wipf Perry, and
Stephanie Ireland have been a pleasure to work with as they have guided me
through the publication process with OUP. As part of this, three anonymous
referees provided invaluable comments and support at an early stage, as part
ofwhatcanbeatime-consumingandratherthanklessrole.
Ithasbeenoneofthepleasuresofmylifetospendtenyearsengagingsomany
interesting people in conversations about topics relevant to this book, and to
receive the enormous benefit of their sagacity and practical assistance at every
stage in its long gestation. Particular mention must go to Duncan Wright and
Mike Bintleyfor their yearsof friendship: Duncan heroically labouredthrough
thefirstdraftofthisbook,offeringmanyusefulsuggestions,andMikehasbeen
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
viii Acknowledgements
a constant source of expertise on the literature and thought of the period.
Another similarly kind enough to check the entire text was Phil James, who
also provided both the reconstruction drawingsin the introduction and several
of the north arrows used throughout. I have relied heavily upon José Carlos
Sánchez Pardo as a corrective to my insularity and ineptitude for languages, as
canbeseenmostclearlyhereinChapter5.
I have tried to note in the text all those places where I have drawn upon the
specific knowledge of particular people, but this should not diminish the sum
total of the contribution made by the long, long list of names which follows:
Clare Ablett for her photos of Richmond Castle, Mary Alexander for her
knowledge of Guildford, Rev. David Baker of East Dean, Luke Barber for his
photos of Richmond Castle, Paul Barnwell for his thoughts on Earls Barton,
StephenBaxter,AndyBevanforhishelpwithGIS,StuartBrookesforadviceon
early medieval warfare, Richard Buckley of ULAS for sending me details of
StPeter’sinLeicester,AndyChapmanofMoLAforsendingmeinformationon
Radstone, Greg Chuter of East Sussex HER, Patrick Clay of University of
LeicesterArchaeologicalServices,PamelaCombesforherthoughtsonHastings,
Oliver Creighton for his help with Exeter Castle, Ben Croxford of Kent HER,
PhilipDavisforhisinvaluableGatehousewebsiteandforalertingmetoTickhill,
Stuart Dean, Alan Dennis of Caistor, Keith Eliot of Gloucester HER, Michael
Fradleyforhisthoughtsoncastles,PeterFusinelliofWickham,Rev.StuartFyfe
ofMorland,JaneGilbertforherassistancewithmedievalFrench,HelenGittos
forherknowledgeofarchitectureandliturgy,MarilynGoddardforGuildford,
Susie Green for her skills with computer modelling, Chris Guy of Worcester
Cathedral, Paul Hayward, Rosalind Hodge of Jevington, Hadre Jackson of
Morland, Richard Kirby of Langford, Michael Hall of St Olave’s, Exeter,
Michael Hare for his many engaging conversations, Tom Lambert for his
thoughts on Anglo-Saxon royal authority, Kevin and Dianne Leahy for their
tremendous hospitality during my survey of Broughton, Tom Licence for his
thoughts on the Ramsey Abbey Chronicle, Susan Lisk of Oxfordshire HER,
Mr Lord of Hough-on-the-Hill, Terry Manby and Christopher Loveluck for
information about Thwing, Toby Martin for his photographs of the Oxford
towers,AleksMcClainforherknowledgeofAnglo-Normansculpture,theRev.
McInnesofLangford,MikeNorthforhistourofWestMalling,AndyNortonof
OxfordArchaeology,ChristopherNortonforhiskindpermissioninlettingme
use his plan of York Minster, Sarah Orr of Berkshire HER, David Petts for his
theoriesonAnglo-Saxonconceptsoftime,ValerieRamseyerforherknowledge
ofItaliantowers,Rev.IanRobinsonofCaistor,Rev.NigelSandsofWickham,
DanielSeckerforhisimportantworkonAnglo-Normanchurchtowers,Mhairi-
Claire Semple for sending me her thesis on Scottish churches, Tudor Skinner,
Michael Smallwood of Wickham, Michael Statham-Fletcher for accompanying
metoFingest,RachelStokesforvisitingtheLincolnshireRecordOfficeforme,
Isobel Thomson of Hertfordshire HER, Caroline and Clive Tucker for driving
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,10/11/2018,SPi
Acknowledgements ix
me around Kent, Derek Turner of Shillington Local History Society, Sophie
UngerofSurreyHER,ChrisWebsterofSomersetHER,HelenWellsofLeicester
HER,TrevorWhiteforallowingmetosurveyHastingsCastle,AnnWilliamsfor
herknowledgeandinterest,andJohnWoodsofClapham.
My PhD thesis was undertaken with the critical financial assistance of the
AHRC, to whom I extend my deepest thanks, and with the friendship and
conviviality of Michelle Baugh, Sue Brunning, Eric Lacey, Hana Lewis, Martin
Locker,VickySymons,andTomWilliams.
Iamdeeplygratefultomyparents,MaggieandDonShapland,fortheirmany
years’ support. My wife Fiona is a wonderful human being, and a constant
source of love, patience, and generosity. Finally, I would like to thank Matilda
andArthurforshowingnotonewhitofinterestindaddy’s book,insistingthat
Iplaywiththeminstead.Ireallywouldn’thavehaditanyotherway.
