Anesthetic and Obstetric Management of High-Risk Pregnancy

556 Pages·2004·3.106 MB·English

by  Ramon Martin (auth.), Sanjay Datta MD, FFARCS(ENG), David L. Hepner MD (eds.)

Anesthetic and
Obstetric Management
of High-Risk Pregnancy
Third Edition

Sanjay Datta, MD, FFARCS(ENG)
Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, and Director of Obstetric
Anesthesia, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Editor
Anesthetic and
Obstetric Management
of High-Risk Pregnancy
Third Edition
With 85 Illustrations
Sanjay Datta, MD, FFARCS(ENG)
Professor of Anesthesia
Harvard Medical School
and
Director of Obstetric Anesthesia
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA 02115
USA
Associate Editor:
David L. Hepner, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesia
Harvard Medical School
and
Assistant Director
Preadmitting Test Center
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA 02115
USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Anesthetic and obstetric management of high-risk pregnancy / editor Sanjay Datta.—3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-387-00443-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Anesthesia in obstetrics. 2. Pregnancy—Complications. 3. Labor
(Obstetrics)—Complications. 4. Pregnant women—Surgery. I. Datta, Sanjay.
RG732.A555 2003
617.9(cid:1)682—dc21 2003042472
ISBN 0-387-00443-2 Printed on acid-free paper.
Second edition ©1996 Mosby, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, first edition ©1991 Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri.
©2004 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission
of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief
excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage
and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or here-
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tified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary
rights.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press,
neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions
that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained
herein.
Printed in the United States of America.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SPIN 10911631
www.springer-ny.com
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg
A member of BertelsmannSpringer Science(cid:2)Business Media GmbH
For my wife, Gouri,
and daughter, Nandini,
whose endless support and encouragement,
continued understanding, and valuable advice
helped to make this project possible.
Preface
It has been enormously satisfying to prepare the third edition of Anesthetic and Obstetric
Management of High-Risk Pregnancy because it fulfills the need for close communication
between two specialties, anesthesiology and obstetrics. This relationship is necessary not only
to take care of the sick parturient, but also to deliver a healthy baby.
New developments in obstetrics and in obstetric anesthesia necessitated this third edition.
Most of the contributors to this edition are new, and they have provided information on the
latest approaches, as well as updated information. In addition, Chapter 13, “Critical Care
Anesthesia for High-Risk Parturients,” is completely new.
Like earlier editions, the third edition includes contributions from an international team of
experts in the field of obstetric anesthesia and obstetrics. I thank all the authors for their valu-
able contributions. The authors have expressed their own opinions and recommendations,
which do not necessarily reflect my own views. I also wish to thank Ms. Elizabeth Kiernan
for her endless help in completing the new edition.
I sincerely hope this edition will further reinforce the concept of the team approach for
taking care of the high-risk parturient.
Boston, Massachusetts Sanjay Datta, MD, FFARCS(ENG)
vii
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 Prepartum and Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ramon Martin
2 Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sunil Eappen and Susan E. Ponkey
3 Fetal Congenital Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ronald J. Hurley and Linda J. Heffner
4 Intrauterine Fetal Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Linda A. Bulich and Russell W. Jennings
5 The Pregnant Teenager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Linda S. Polley and Cosmas J.M. van de Ven
6 The Morbidly Obese Pregnant Woman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Bhavani Shankar Kodali and Aviva Lee-Parritz
7 Breech Presentation, Malpresentation, and Multiple Gestation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Rakesh B. Vadhera and Gregory J. Locksmith
8 Antepartum Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Ashutosh Wali, Maya S. Suresh, and Anthony R. Gregg
9 Postpartum Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Mukesh C. Sarna, Philip Hess, Tamara C. Takoudes, and Anjan K. Chaudhury
10 Neurologic and Muscular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Angela M. Bader and David Acker
11 Respiratory Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Michael Frölich and Rodney K. Edwards
12 Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Phillip S. Mushlin and Karen M. Davidson
ix
x Contents
13 Renal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Jaya Ramanathan and Jeffery Livingston
14 Endocrine Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
John A. Thomas and Jon Rosnes
15 Orthopedic Problems and Maternal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
John P.R. Loughrey and Mehmet R. Genç
16 Malignant Hyperthermia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Jordan Tarshis and Janet Bodley
17 Hemoglobin Bart’s Hydrops Fetalis Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Easaw Thomas, George S.H. Yeo, and Tony Y.T. Tan
18 Autoimmune Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Miriam Harnett and Thomas McElrath
19 Preeclampsia and Eclampsia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Stephen P. Gatt and David Elliott
20 Preterm Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Scott Segal and Errol R. Norwitz
21 Postdate Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Pamela Jane Morgan and Fay Weisberg
22 Hematologic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
David L. Hepner, Louise Wilkins-Haug, and Peter W. Marks
23 The Diabetic Parturient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
May C.M. Pian-Smith, Sanjay Datta, and Michael F. Greene
24 Emboli in Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Jonathan H. Skerman and Khalil E. Rajab
25 The Anticoagulated Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Shiv K. Sharma and Kenneth J. Leveno
26 Infectious Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Lawrence C. Tsen and Errol R. Norwitz
27 Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Nancy Kenepp and Ashwin Chatwani
28 The Febrile Parturient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Krzysztof M. Kuczkowski, Laurence S. Reisner, and Thomas F. Kelly
29 Psychiatric Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Francis A. Rosinia and Alfred Robicheaux
30 Hepatic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Patricia L. Dalby, Sivam Ramanathan, Joel W. Swanson, and Cynthia J. Sims
Contents xi
31 Fetal Distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Andrew P. Harris and Frank R. Witter
32 Critical Care Anesthesia for High-Risk Parturients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Sumedha Panchal and Geeta Sharma
33 Intrauterine Fetal Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Ingrid Browne, Lois Brustman, and Alan Santos
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Contributors
David Acker, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology,
Harvard Medical School, Chief of Obstetrics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,
MA 02115, USA
Angela M. Bader, MD
Director, Pre-Admitting Test Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Associate Professor
of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Janet Bodley, MD, FRCS(C)
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto,
Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1B2,
Canada
Ingrid Browne
Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York,
NY 10025, USA
Lois Brustman, MD, FACOG
Program Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Lukes-Roosevelt
Hospital Center, New York, NY 10019
Linda A. Bulich, MD
Instructor in Pediatric Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Ashwin Chatwani, MD, FACOG
Professor of the School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and
Reproductive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
Anjan K. Chaudhury, MD
Director of the Fetal Diagnostics Center, Boston Medical Center, Assistant Professor of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118,
USA
Patricia L. Dalby MD
Staff Anesthesiologist, Magee-Women’s Hospital, Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology,
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3180, USA
xiii