Ancient Greece. From the Archaic Period to the Death of Alexander the Great

242 Pages·2010·4.9 MB·English

by  Britannica Educational Publishing

ANCIENT
GREECE
FROM THE ARCHAIC PERIOD TO THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER
THE GREAT
THE BRITANNICA GUIDE TO ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
ANCIENT
GREECE
FROM THE ARCHAIC PERIOD TO THE DEATH OF
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
EDITED BY KATHLEEN KUIPER, MANAGER, ARTS AND
CULTURE
Published in 2011 by Britannica Educational Publishing
(a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.)
in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC
29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010.
Copyright © 2011 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Britannica, Encyclopædia
Britannica,
and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
All
rights reserved.
Rosen Educational Services materials copyright © 2011 Rosen Educational
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All rights reserved.
Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services.
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First Edition
Britannica Educational Publishing
Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor
J.E. Luebering: Senior Manager
Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control
Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies
Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor
Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor
Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition
Kathleen Kuiper: Manager, Arts and Culture
Rosen Educational Services
Alexandra Hanson-Harding: Editor
Nelson Sá: Art Director
Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager
Matthew Cauli: Designer, Cover Design
Introduction by Dan Faust
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ancient Greece: from the archaic period to the death of Alexander the Great /
edited by
Kathleen Kuiper.—1st ed.
p. cm.—(The Britannica guide to ancient civilizations)
“In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational
Services.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-61530209-3 (eBook)
1. Greece—History—To 146 B.C. 2. Greece—Civilization—To 146 B.C. I.
Kuiper, Kathleen.
DF77.A5876 2010
938—dc22
2010000852
On the cover: The magnificent Parthenon, shown here with a broken column
in the
foreground, was built on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, to honour the
goddess Athena.
Pete Turner/Stone/Getty Images
On page photo credit pp. 17, 65, 81, 101, 118, 136 Shutterstock.com
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: THE ARCHAIC PERIOD
The Post-Mycenaean Period and Lefkandi
“Colonization” and City-State Formation
Olympic Games
Overseas Projects
The Beginnings of the Polis
Early Archaic Greek Civilization
The Sources
Bacchiadae and Eupatridae
Symposia and Gymnasia
Formal Relationships
The Lelantine War
The Later Archaic Period
The Decline of the Aristocracy
Changes in Warfare
The Early Tyrannies
Sparta
The Rhetra
The Helot Factor
The Peloponnesian League
Athens
Theseus
Solon
The Peisistratid Tyranny
The Reforms of Cleisthenes
The World of the Tyrants
Intermarriage Between the Great Houses
Poetry and Art
Alcaeus
International Influences
CHAPTER 2: CLASSICAL GREEK CIVILIZATION: THE PERSIAN WARS
The Ionian Revolt
Causes of the Persian Wars
Economic Factors
Political Factors
Athenian Support of Ionia
Sparta’s Foreign Relations
The Role of Cleomenes
Battle of Marathon
Aftermath of the Battle of Marathon
The System of Ostracism
Greek Preparations for War
Greek Alliances
The Last Persian Wars
Thermopylae
Salamis
Plataea
CHAPTER 3: CLASSICAL GREEK CIVILIZATION: THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE
The Fortification of Athens
The Ambition of Pausanias
Delian League
Paying Tribute to Athens
Strains on Greek Unity and Mounting Athenian Aggression
Cimon’s Actions
Athens’s Moves Against Other Greeks
Athens’s Moves Northward
Sparta’s Responses
The Ephialtic Reforms
Legal Reforms
Political Reforms
The Rejection of Cimon
Athenian Expansion
Friction Between Athens and Corinth