Ancestors

50 Pages·2012·17.8 MB·English

ISSN 0734-4988
Ancestors
W e s t
SANTA BARBARACOUNTY GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY Fall 2007/Winter 2008 Volume 34
www.cagenweb.com/santabarbara/sbcgs/
Numbers 1 & 2
IN THIS ISSUE
Letter to the Editor, Neal Grafjy 4
The Belgian Barbareno, Heidi Arno 5
JOWBRNow Exceeds One Million Records 7
Missouri Opens Digitized Records Site 7
The History of the Bernard McCullough Family, (The Little Cherub) Tom McCu/loiigh 8
Books on Scotland Online 12
NewCanadianGenealogy Search Engine 12
Finding My Grandmother, MargaretAnne Newman Les 13
From Genealogy Gems: Why Microtext? 14
Archiving the Internet 15
Birmingham & Midland Society, Tracing your Ancestors in Worcestershire, England 15
Czech Research—Without Serendipity? No Way!, Elizabeth Dake 16
Victorian Occupations 17
The Spoon, Margie Ramirez 18
The William Reed Family Murders at Mission San Miguel, 5 December 1848, Ynez D. Haase 19
Google Books 22
All Too Human, William G. Lockwood. 23
Waldseemuller Map 23
The Lockheed Boys Used the Beachfront for their Flying Boats 1916-1921,JohnFritsche 24
Loughead [Lockheed] Employees From 1916-1922, compiled byJohn Fritsche 25
A Professional Historian Shares Research Techniques, Mary E. Hall 26
The Indiana Jones of Genealogy, William G. Lockwood 27
New in the Library, compiled by Gary Matz 28
Digital Archive of Northern New York Newspapers 36
Picnic in the Cemetery in Carpinteria 37
Visits withAndrewBailard, LucindaJaneRoberson Callis,Howe SayersDeaderick,
Nannie B. Dickerson Franklin,George McLean, John Marion NideverII,Christina Lieb Pyster, and William II.C. Wyles
Yad Vashem Database 46
Surnames [a history] 48
BookReviews, CiteYour Sources! Evidence Explained, reviewedby Sheila MacAvoy Block 49
BuildingaCemeteryDatabasefortheCarpinteriaCemeteryDistrict 50
Surname Index 5l
SBCGS Publications for Sale 51
Calendar of Events 52
SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY
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2 AncestorsWest Vol. 34,Nos.1&2 Fall 2007/Winter2008 SantaBarbaraCounty Genealogical Society
latethataparticularmistakewas madeby arecorder,
such as a census enumerator, as was quite common,
orwe may suspect thatour ancestor was adopted or
illegitimate, a fact that the family worked so very hard
to hide.
Once we've verified each piece ofinformation as
well as possible, then we reassemble everything to see
how well the whole fits together. Can we make up a
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
family group sheet with birthdates in propersequence
and with sufficient time between each? Do we have
Think back to the time you became involved in reliable documentation for the parentage ofa particu
genealogy. For most ofus, we probably learned the lar ancestor? There may be gaps, information may
names ofsome ancestors we didn't know before, and be incomplete, but at least we try to do as best we can
perhaps we were able to attach some dates to them.
with the available information and assure that it makes
Those were "golly, that's interesting" types ofdiscov sense. This stage ofour research is "synthesis."
eries. What fun. Once we've pulled everything together and it
Another name here, another date there came to makes sense, we are then permitted to draw some
light, and before long we were on a path that would conclusions strictly from careful integration ofthe
lead to more discoveries, some ofwhich were the "oh facts. The conclusions are only as good as the data
m'gosh" type. Otherdiscoveries came much less fre and our analysis and synthesis ofit. Once this stage
quently but were more satisfying because they "broke
is completed, we are permitted speculations, which is
brick walls" in genealogical parlance. often the most rewarding part ofour research, because
In our search for more names and dates ofances ifbased on good work, we may be led to additional
tors, we regarded treks to Salt Lake City to grind
hypotheses or unforeseen conclusions.
microfilm wheels, or to the Sahyun Library to look Inessence, then, in dealing with any scientific
through books and stare at a computerscreen as "re problem, our first step is to find all the information that
search." can be discovered about it. The second is to coordi
But research involves much more than the mere nate that material with similarexamples elsewhere, so
collection ofdata. It comprises in additional analysis that knowledge which may fail from one source may
and synthesis ofthe data, then drawing conclusions, be supplied from another. The third step is to dissemi
and finally consideration ofwhat it all means. nate that information so that it will turn up more.
We must makejudgments about the quality of This is genealogical research, and like all research,
the data, compare it with other data we or others may
it takes time. Its reward is that itdevelops over time;
already have, ask ifthe information makes sense. This it develops our patience, intelligence, and our sensitiv
process in research is called "analysis." We dissect the ity.
information into pieces, lookat each piece carefully.
It is in this stage ofthe research we might find that the
date ofbirth we have for a child precedes itsparents'
marriage date. Ah, either we have made a mistake, Arthur Qi66sSytvester, (President
someone else has made a mistake, or we must find an
explanation for an evident discrepancy. It is during
this stage ofour research that we generally formulate
some hypotheses to focus the directions ofour re
search effort.
We then test those hypotheses in the next stage of
our research. We may need more information to sup
port or reject some ofthe hypotheses, we may postu
Santa Barbara County Genealogical Society Vol. 34, Nos.l &2Fall 2007/Winter2008 Ancestors West 3
LETTER TO THE EDITOR during "La Primavera Week" in April 1921.
The primaveras took a lot ofmanpower toproduce
(note the number ofcommittees and the nearly 400
committee members for the 1919event) and the
enthusiasm ofthe producers waned. After a siesta of
two years, an annual fiesta was established and Old
Dear Editor:
Spanish Days has been with us eversince.
Ivery much enjoyed the article about the 1919 But in trying to actually determine which
Fiesta [Ancestors West, Vol. 33, Nos. 3 & 4, Spring/ celebration was the first fiesta one may as well ask
summer 2007, page 11] which dared to ask the which came first - ^elpolio o el huevol
question ifitwas actually the first annual fiesta,
thereupon inspiring me to review the manuscript from NeaCgraffy
my "Fiestas, Festivals and Parades" slide show.
A number ofGrand Events in Santa Barbara's P.S.I was glad to see that my "soul-mate," William
past were referred to as fiestas, but annual they were Wyles, was one ofthe committee members ofthe 1919
not. Santa Barbara did produce a number ofannual Fiesta.
festivals - Rose Festivals through the 1880s, and the
Flower Festivals of 1891 through 1896- but they
were not referred to as fiestas. As part ofthe Flower
Festivals there was often an evening recalling the old
Spanishdays as the oldsongs, costumes and dances
werepresented. These were not always wellreceived,
however. The Spanish dances at the Arlington
presentedforPresident Harrison's visit in April 1891
didnot impress the local press which described the
affair as "stupid," and noted the sleeping members
ofthepresidential party as the dances dragged on
including onedance"to the tune whichwouldprove
fatal on a farm where old cows are wont to thrive."
Bythe teens, there was astrong interest in
remembering and preserving the "days of old Tin-: Music Float
Santa Barbara" and not only by the remnants of the
oldfamiliesbut by newcomers who were keenly
interestedin the city's past andjust as keenly
interested in creating a tourist attraction and revenue.
This Fiestaof 1919 certainly had all the hallmarks
ofOldSpanishDays- themercado,historicparade,
costumes, songs, dances and the promise of an annual
event. However, ten months later (close enough to be
annual)sawnot a"fiesta," but "La Primavera" (the
spring)centered around a playwritten by Wallace
Rice. The playwas an outdoor pageant featuring
over300 dancers, singers and actors and heldina
pre-CountyBowl natural amphitheaterbelowGarden
Street between Canon Perdido and de la Guerra TheOld Woman in theShoe.
streets.The following yearprimaverawas again the Thetwoboyson thefloat areAllan and Malcolm Loughead,
magicwordand"La Primavera Festival"was held andoneofthegirls istheir sister.
From JohnFritsche'sPostcardCollection
4 Ancestors West Vol. 34, Nos.1&2 Fall 2007/Winter2008 Santa Barbara County Genealogical Society
THE BELGIAN BARBARENO the 1823 militiaroster.
Perhaps because ofhis educationwith the
ByHeidiArno, <[email protected]> Carmelite Fathers, perhapsinspired by his father's
government service, Janssens was drawn into civic
My son moved to the beautiful coastalcity of affairs and government. Although he was not of
Santa Barbara last year, and since then it has been Spanish descent, he was elected alcalde (Mayor)
my pleasureto visit frequently. Itwas one ofthose ofSantaBarbarain 1845. Bythe mid 1840sitwas
classic southern California days where October is no becoming clearthat the Mexican erawould soon be
longer summer, but autumn seemed along way off. ending. As away ofrewarding loyal citizens, the
While my son was atwork, I shopped forshoes in the Mexican Government distributed land to those who
downtown area. On State Street, Inoticed aplaque on could help their cause and Janssens was awarded
arestaurant,denoting the building as partofanadobe Rancho Lomas de la Purification, more than 13,000
built in 1857by AgustinJanssens, aBelgian, and his acres located inthe Santa Ynez mountains northeastof
wife, Maria Antonia Pico. Santa Barbara. Instead ofserving as Mayor ofSanta
Itturns out that Janssens was atrue pioneer of Barbara,Janssens decided to move his family to the
both early California and the Santa Barbaraarea. ranch and concentrate on running it. He was not in the
His life began in Brussels in 1817. His father, Jean SantaYnez arealongbefore he was appointedjustice
Pierre Gabriel Janssens, was bora in Paris and served ofthe peace. In 1846,one ofhis duties was to raise a
asacolonelin Napoleon's army. AfterWaterloo militia to defend the San Marcos Passareaagainstan
in 1815, the elderJanssens stayed in Brussels and expected military expedition led by Lieutenant Colonel
became a public official. Still in Brussels, he married JohnC. Fremontwhich was onits way to capture
MarieTherese Deheuqueville, daughter ofAntoine the SantaBarbaraPresidio. Aidedby arainstorm,
Deheuqueville andCatherine EndriesFlorimon(t). In Janssens was ableto preventFremontfrom stealing
1825, Jean PierreandTherese immigrated to Mexico, horses. The Mexican government retreated from the
where Jean Pierre continued his civil service career Santa Barbara area a short time later and surrendered
asan official in the Mexican government. When Californiatothe United Statesin January 1847.
Agustinwas still young (the exact yearisunclear), his Janssens continued to run his ranchandbriefly
fatherdied andAgustinwas sentby his mother to the participatedin the CaliforniaGold Rush, working
Carmelite Fathers in SalvatierraandCelayain central a claim on the Stanislaus River. Janssens became a
Mexico so he could receive an education. US citizen in 1850. His family was growing. Five
Duringthe 1830s, Europeans in Mexico generally children, fourboys andone girl,arelisted on the 1860
thought ofAltaCalifornia asthe boondocks, an census, with two more added in 1870. The children
unsettled, unsophisticated backwateroflittle value. were baptizedatthe Santa Ynez mission, near the
But Janssens, young and eager foradventure and Janssens' ranch. During the 1850s,frequent attacks
opportunity, signedonto the Hijar-Padres expedition by TulareIndians made living atthe ranch intolerable
into the areain 1834. The colony startedby the forAgustin andMariaTheresa andthey movedtheir
group was not successful, but Janssens remained in familytothe adobeatthe cornerofStateandFigueroa
Californiaworking atvariousjobsin SanDiegoand Streetsin SantaBarbara. According to the plaqueon
Monterey and receiving ajudicial appointment in San thebuilding, they lived thereuntil the 1870s. During
Juan Capistrano. his residence in the City ofSanta Barbara,he served
Accounts ofwhat brought Janssens to Santa asPostmaster andwas elected County Assessorandto
Barbara orwhen he arrived differ, butthe beautiful the SantaBarbaraCity Council.
Santa Barbara Mission church was the site ofhis In early November, Itook adrive from downtown
wedding to MariaAntonia Pico,daughterofVicente SantaBarbara overSan MarcosPass to the propertyin
and Estafina Pico,on January27, 1843. Bythe time
the Santa Ynez mountains where Janssens once lived.
ofthe wedding, the Pico family hadbeen in Santa Eventoday,driving overthe winding mountain roadto
Barbaraformore than20 years. Vicente appears on theothersideofthe hill is astepback in time. Except
Santa BarbaraCounty Genealogical Society Vol. 34, Nos.1&2Fall 2007/Winter2008 AncestorsWest 5
for the road, the land
is much the same as it
was during Janssens'
time, low brush on
the dry side ofthe
coastal mountains,
used for cattle grazing
in the spring and
****** *y-~ ^^ , -—V /(y^
nothing the rest ofthe >.&££-
year. Janssens lived
«/_(Ay»1'' &7U
in interesting times. t„jkrftS*n,
Sff&fS****
He experienced v..46
California's pre- •-. ^i/iyfy& r- 4LdC -.sWSs-r.fi yss/.'sr"*._^jErr)
Gold Rush culture
and saw the area's Marriage Record from the Santa Barbara Mission Archive-Library
transition from a (used with permission)
pastoral Mexican
territory into bustling Americanization. In 1878, - Descendent information from the US Census, 1880 - 1930, and
Herbert Howe Bancroft, a noted California historian Social Security Death Index
forwhom the University ofCalifornia Library is
The followingreferences areavailable:
named, sent his scribe, Thomas Savage, to record
at the Santa BarbaraGenealogical Society
Janssens' life story ofhis early years. Scans of -Tompkins, W.,Santa BarbaraHistory Makers
Savage'shandwritten (in Spanish) manuscript, titled -Tompkins,W.,Ithappened inOldSanta Barbara
Vidayadventuras en California deDonAgustin -Tompkins,W.,Santa Barbara County
- Sacramental Records ofthe Santa Ynez Mission
Janssens,can be viewed on line on the University of
- Storke, Thomas. California Editor
California Library web site.
-Santa Barbara's Royal Rancho
Sufferingfromfailinghealthand pooreyesight at the Santa Barbara Mission Archive-Library. 2201 LagunaSt.,
inhis later years, Janssens died in Santa Barbara Santa Barbara,California93105:
onJanuary4, 1892. Heandhiswifeare buried - Sacramental Records ofthe Santa Barbara Mission.
fromthe Huntington Library. 1151 Oxford Road,SanMarino,
inprominenttombsat theSanta BarbaraMission
California91108. [phone]:
cemetery. -Rolle, A.,Review: [untitled] TheLifeandAdventuresin
The Merchants, Tradesmen & Manufacturer's CaliforniaofDonAugustinJanssens, 1834-1856 byWilliam H.
Directory forSanta Barbara dated 1929 lists: Ellison; Francis Price, ThePacificHistorical Review,Vol.23,
AugustinJ.Janssens,grocer. This couldbe eitherthe No. 2(May,1954), pp. 178-179, StableURL:http://www.istor.
eldestsonofAgustin Janssens, who would then be age org/pss/3634301
84,or possibly anamesake grandson.
Acknowledgements
SpecialthankstoLynnBremer,DirectorfortheSantaBarbara
References MissionArchive-Library; DorothyOksner,Santa Barbara
-Gallez,G.,AugustinJanssens,RetrievedOct9,2007from GenealogicalSociety;andMarkSherman,Aldo'sItalian
http://home.scarlet.be/gallez.nic/Publications/Janssensl835.htm
Restaurant fortheirspecial helpand information, andtoRegine
Brindle,MichelleGaudette andGuyGallez fortheirsupportand
USForest Service, Los Padres National Forest, Visitor
encouragement.
Maps, retrievedOct25,2007fromhttp://www.fs.fed.us/r5/
forestvisitormaps/lospadres/index.php#north
PreviouslypublishedinBelgianLaces,January 2008,Vol. 30-
115. Reprinted withpermission oftheauthor.
Savage,T.(1878). Vidayadventuras enCaliforniadeDon
AgustinJanssens, UniversityofCaliforniaBancroftLibrary
retrieved Oct 15,2007 from
http://content.cdlib.Org/ark:/13030/hb2k40074iz/
6 AncestorsWest Vol. 34, Nos.l &2 Fall 2007/Winter2008 Santa BarbaraCounty GenealogicalSociety
Ancestors&DescendentsofVictorEugeneAugust(Agustin)Janssens
Rcrrcjoscph — Catherineftancoisc
(ad.mt
Antoinc - CatherineF.ndr
Ilchcuqucsillc
JeanllcrrcGabriel MarieThcrcsc
— Dchcuqucsille
1703•
Vicente — Kstafina
Reo
\ictorF.njeneAo Mafia\nlon
Janssens Rco
1825-
1
VujuMin Juan Kanio Dclfin: Victor JonJ. Adalino Minieritc JoieR. DominicaI
Janssens Janssens s. Jan»i Jiuiea Janssens \lak> Janssens JanssensC) Casalelto
1815- 1846- 18S2• 1853- 1856- 1865-1951 1863- 1865- 1880-197
III! AusuitineJ. Del&naHortens Sidle) VictorE. EsterC. CarmeliuI..
Junta Janssens Janssens Baldridje Janssens Janssens Janssens Janssens
1875- 1894-1949 1896-1980 1887-1979 1900-1993 1904-1993 1911-1949 1892-1975
JOWBR NOW EXCEEDS a project ofthe ofthe International Association of
Jewish Genealogical Societies. Itis located at www.
ONE MILLION RECORDS
jewishgen.org/Cemetery/.
TheJewishGenOnline Worldwide Burial Registry
Nu? What'sNew? E-zineofJewish GenealogyfromAvotavnu
(JOWBR) now exceeds one million records. The total Vol 9, No. 10.April27,2008
number ofcemeteries in JOWBR is now 1,929 and
total number ofburials is 1,006,675. These cemeteries
MISSOURI OPENS DIGITIZED
are located throughout the world. The extraction ofthe
RECORDS SITE
informationfromtombstones wasaccomplishedby
Missouri has launched a kind ofone-stop shop
volunteers.
for finding digitized historical records, abstracts and
JewishGen suggests that as family historians visit
indexes from the state archives as well as libraries,
ancestral townsor townsinyourcurrent countryof
universities, historical societies and other repositories
residence,theyshouldconsiderrecordingdata from
throughout the state.
theJewishcemeteriesand/or photographingallthe
The Missouri Digital Heritage Initiative divides
tombstones in the cemetery or landsmanschaft plot
collections by subject area (some record sets appear
and submit it for inclusion in JOWBR.
under multiple topics). Genealogical material is
You can search the JOWBR database at www.
mostly in the Family and Faith category, but you'll
iewishgen.org/databases/cemeterv/. A list of
alsowant toexplore Military Records, Newspapers,
cemeteries in the 40 countries already included can be
Sports and Recreation and other topics. (Tosee a
found at www.iewishgen.org/databases/Cemetery/tree/
lineup ofall the record sets, click All Collections at
CemList.htm. JewishGen also hosts the International
the bottom ofthe Collections main page.)
JewishCemetery Projectwhosemissionistocatalogue
What will you see? Read more at the website
every Jewish burial site throughout the world. Itis
http://www.sos.mo.gov/mdh/.
Santa Barbara County Genealogical Society Vol. 34, Nos.l &2Fall 2007/Winter2008 Ancestors West 7
The Little Cherub was built at Point Pleasant,
Pennsylvania in 1804 and was owned by Mr.Samuel
Welsh ofPhiladelphia.2 She would have resembled
the ship in Figure 1above. When bound from Ireland
to Philadelphia, "Theprincipalport ofdeparturefor
theearly19th century emigrantsfrom UlsterwasLon
donderry. "3 Shipping companies specialized in the
Londonderry to Philadelphia route. Nearly everyone
who wanted to go from Northern Ireland to Philadel
phia would sail from Londonderry.
Figure 1
MerchantPacketShip 1800s The ship's manifest lists the names offifty-nine
passengers. They range in age from sixty years down
An Excerpt from to little two-month-old John "Cherub" McClung, who
THE HISTORY OF THE was very likely bom at sea early in the voyage and, as
BERNARD MCCULLOUGH FAMILY was customary, they named him after the ship. This
OF IRELAND, PENNSYLVANIA, OHIO, tells us that it probably took about two months to cross
the Atlantic to America. This was slower than average
ARIZONA AND CALIFORNIA
for a crossing at the time.
In Figure 2 we see part ofthe top section ofthe
ByTom McCullough, SBCGSMember
manifest which reads, "MANIFESTofall thepas
<[email protected]>
sengersonboardthe Ship Little Cherub, Rich Sand
ers is Masterfrom Londonderry berthen246 Tons
Part of
andowned byS. Welsh ofPhiladelphia and boundto
Chapter Three
Philadelphia."The newborn baby John "Cherub" Mc
Bernard and Mary (Clark) McCullough
Clung is the lastname on this part ofthe manifestand
his first name was abbreviated as Jno.
THE LITTLE CHERUB The Little Cherubhad two decks, weighed 246
tons and was 86.6 foot long by 25.8 foot wide.5To get
The Little Cherubwas a three-masted, square- an idea ofher small size, the frigate HMSSurprise
rigged shipunderthecommandof Captain Richard seen in the 2003 movie Master and Commanderand
Sanders. She lay moored alongside the quay in Lon now docked at the Maritime Museum in San Diego,
donderry town, in the province ofUlster, Northern Ire
California is about twice her size at 500 tons.
land one misty day in
IVr-cjaJSvUb-JA.B.or.%No»J.*•»»».Sec*sJ OMif«SVM<nhi*uClflWH<—>,—HwlaJelfU-*
the early fall of 1825. flji\tTTKEaSllf"IalltheI'jMcnijtn,uk oardtin: ~*-^^/^Zft St
e-^r-ya
On the next outgoing
- andownedbr <S—<? .*TI C^-C^'*• - ^~
tide, she would set . _ • - andboundin \JpS/tt/«V€?€t/ **0
sail for Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania in far
J4
i--^-
offAmerica. &4q*~ ss- >S J*4
Aboard her on * „i'J&...
that voyage was a a.... pm -^>>*~ S....*'
twenty-four year old .,, //, -•':• 1&++-*
& «t•
farm laborer named — ft .
Bernard McCullough.
He was my family's
firstMcCullough ancestor toAmerica. Hearrived in
Figure 2
Philadelphia on board the LittleCherub on November Top Part ofthe Ship's Manifest'
16, 1825.•
8 Ancestors West Vol. 34,Nos.l &2 Fall 2007/Winter2008 Santa Barbara County Genealogical Society
Merchant ships in the emigrant trade like the Little Little Cherubwith Bernard there were eight other
Cherubcarried lumber and grain from America to McCulloughs also shown in Figure 4 ranging in age
England and Ireland. The ship's carpenter would use from four to thirty-two. From how they are listed, it is
some ofthe lumber tobuild 6-by-6-foot bunks in the difficult to determine their relationship to one another.
cargo hold to house steerage passengers for the return One ofthem was an eighteen-year-old colleen named
trip. These wooden bunks provided a space about two Mary McCullough. Could this be Bernard's wife?
feet wide and six feet longfor each passenger and We know that Bernard's wife was named Mary.
were usually two tiers high on a small ship like the Her maiden name was Mary Clark. I think this ship
Little Cherub. board Mary is about five years too young to be Mary
The scene on board the Little Cherub in 1825 Clark. Later records show Bernard's wife to be close
would have been much as we see in Figure 3 below. In to the same age as he was. This could be the right one,
addition to her passengers and crew, the Little Cherub but we have no proofofit.
also carried a cargo of 155 tons ofsalt and 20 tons of The strongest argument against this colleen being
coal on this voyage.6 our ancestor Mary is because ofwhen Bernard and
Mary's first child was born. She was born in Philadel
phia in 1828, three years after the voyage. At that time,
thefirstchild was usually born about one year after
the marriage. Therefore, ifthey were married about
1825, when the ship sailed, they should have had a
child sooner. If they did, perhaps that child might have
died in childbirth, which was common then. I think
Bernard and Mary were married in Philadelphia about
1827,but perhaps they were married in Ireland. We
have not yet found their marriage record.
The ship's manifest lists their names as "Mc-
Culloch." Spelling variations were quite common with
Figure3
Below Decks, Irish EmigrantShip7 __ , — S^—J
__« As —
Alittle refrain from an old Irish emigration folk
song can tell us something about how conditions were
onboard theship thatbroughtBernardMcCullough to
Philadelphia 180yearsago. Ihavetakenthelibertyto
change the names oftheship and the captain from the
original song.
3/ J.
So
/ havesignedonthe Yankee sail 'n ship _ ^ j
Little Cherub is hername 1 r
/£
Sanders istheCaptain ofher _
Andtheysay thatshes afloat'n hell8 - •• — 'f
Bernard left Ireland before the Potato Famine. 'Z*>» *K-Sf &
-
That terrible disaster occurred about 25 years later,
?>l<ȣs
from 1846 until 1851.Another ofour Irish ancestors,
IS/*
Nicholas Basquill, arrived inAmerica in 1848 during • —-
Figure 4
thefamine. Thatisanotherchapterinourstory.
Part ofthe Manifest
Our ancestor Bernard is listed on the last line of Bernard is at the bottom and Mary (?) is third from the
the manifest section shown in Figure 4. Onboard the bottom.9
Santa Barbara County Genealogical Society Vol. 34, Nos.l &2Fall 2007/Winter2008 Ancestors West 9
Northeast Trade Winds to carry them across the South
many immigrant names. I have used the name "Mc
Atlantic. Once across the Atlantic Ocean, they could
Cullough" from the beginning ofthis story because
sail north up the American coast with the Westerlies
that is how our ancestors spelled it later when subse
blowing from their left (port or larboard) quarter.
quent generations became literate. Later records state
Some ships choose to sail the northern route close
that Bernard was illiterate. He probably could not spell
to Iceland and Greenland. This was a shorter route, but
or write his own name. The ship's purser would write
the risks from icebergs, cold and headwinds made it
the name the waythat it sounded to him. Also in
more perilous. In addition, they had to sail against the
many cases, passengers did not know their birth date.
current ofthe GulfStream ifthey used the northern
In those times children usually came along rapidly one
sailing route. We do not have an actual record telling
after another and often, no record was kept oftheir
which route the Little Cherubused on this voyage.
birthdates. The parents often knew only the orderof
The trip usually took from 25 to 60 days depend
birth but not the exact dates.
ing on the weather, the route and the condition of
the ship. Living conditions were generally appalling
The Atlantic Crossing
for those who had to travel in steerage class, which
most did. A few very unlucky ships lost up to 40%
The route toAmerica, which the majority ofsail
oftheir passengers to sickness, but most fared better.
ing ships took at that time [Figure 5], was dictated by
The manifest states that no one died aboard the Little
the prevailing winds and currents. "For those crossing
Cherub during Bernard'sjourney. Perhaps she was
theAtlanticat most timesoftheyear, evenfromEng indeed a little angel.
landandnorthernEurope, the best route, withthe best
weatherand themost dependable wind, was usually Arriving in Philadelphia
close to the one used. "'"
After the difficult and dangerous trans-Atlantic
voyage, the LittleCherub would have entered the
•\A _ -
mouth ofDelaware Bay and sailed the last 100miles
north up the Delaware River to Philadelphia. They ar
V 4- -- •" •" -
rived there on November 16, 1825. Even though most
£f% -----
ofthe passengers were haggard, sick and hungry after
;-.. •' .4.- . v- - Westerlies
two months at sea, they would be elated now that they
had left the perils ofthe Atlantic behind and a newlife
1 -\S awaited them ashore.
Variable!!
/ NortheastTrades '
^ ,s / / / ' ' s
Figure 5
Early 1800sTransatlanticSailing Route"
Strong prevailing west winds called "The West
erlies" blow straight across the ocean from America
to Europe. The square rig ships ofthe time could
Figure 6
not easily sail into such headwinds. Thus, they were Dancing Below Decks'2
forced to sail south until they were offthe Northwest Whilesailing up the Delaware estuary, with land
Coast ofAfrica. Then they could take advantage ofthe on both sides and smooth waters beneath, someone
10 Ancestors West Vol. 34,Nos.l&2 Fall 2007/Winter2008 Santa Barbara County Genealogical Society