Anatomy in Diagnostic Imaging

320 Pages·2001·402.03 MB·English

by  Peter Fleckenstein MD

CoxTENTS
Principles and techniques Forearm, supinated, middle, axial CT 66
Forearm,p ronated,m iddle, axial MR 66
Techniquesb asedo n X-rays
Wrist and hand
The production and nature of X-rays 13
Wrist, dorso-volarX -ray 67
Interactions of X-rays with matter 15
Wrist, lateral X-ray 67
Conventional imaging with X-rays 18
Wrist and hand, axial CT:series 68-71
Digital radiography 21
Metacarpus and fingers, axial CT 71
Computed X-ray tomography 22
Wrist, coronalMR 72
X-ray contrast enhancing media 25
Wrist, carpalt unnel, coronalM R 72
Techniquesb asedo n nuclear magnetic Hand, a-p X-ray 73
resonance Skeletal age of hand 73
Principleso f MR-scanning 28 Hand development, male 74-77
MR-imaging modes and pulse sequences 38 Hand development,f emale 78-81
Hand, senescent,d orso-volarX -ray 82
Techniquesb asedo n ultrasoundr eflection
Hand, dorso-volar,9 9mT c-DMB scintigraphy,
The productiona nd nature of ultrasound 41
child 12 years 82
Interactionso f ultrasoundw ith tissues 43
Ultrasoundi maging modes 44 Arteries and veins
The Doppler effect and Doppler imaging 46 Shoulder, a-p X-ray, arteriography (digital
subtraction) 83
Techniquesb asedo n radioisotopee missions
Forearm, a-p X-ray, arteriography 83
Scintigraphy 47
Hand, dorso-volarX -ray, arteriography 84
Single photon emissionc omputed tomography
Shoulder,a -p X-ray, phlebography 85
(SPECT) and positrone missiont omography
(PET) 49
Lower limb
Principleso f nomenclaturea nd positioning 50
Pelvis
Upper limb Pelvis,f emale, a-p X-ray,t ilted 88
Pelvis, male, a-p X-ray, tilted 88
Shouldera nd arm Sacro-iliacjo ints, axial CT (bone settings) 89
Shoulder,a -p X-ray 55 Pelvis, 99mf i-\,{PP scintigraphy 89
Shoulder,a xial X-ray 55
Hip and thigh
Clavicle,a -p X-ray 56
Hip,a -pX -ray 90
Scapula,o blique X-ray 56
Hip, Lauenstein,X -ray 90
Shoulder and arm, a-p X-ray, child one year 56
Pelvis,a -p X-ray, child 3 months 91
Shouldera nd arm, a-pX-ray, child 5 years 57
Shoulder and arm, 99m1 i-14pp, scintigraphy,c hild 12 Pelvis,X -ray,c hild 7 years 9l
Hip, axial CT 92
years 57
Hip, sagittalM R 93
Shoulder,a xial CT 58
Hip, child, 3 months, coronalU S 93
Shoulder,c oronalM R 58
Thigh, axial MR 94-95
Shoulder,a xial MR 59
Arm, upper third, axial MR 60 Knee
Arm. middle. axial MR 60 Knee, a-p X-ray 96
Elbow Knee, flexed, lateral X-ray 96
Knee, half flexed, tilted X-ray ("intercondylar notch
Elbow, axial CT 61
projection") 97
Elbow, a-p X-ray 62
Knee, flexed, axtal X-ray 97
Elbow lar.eralX-ray 62
Patella variation (2%), a-VX -ray 97
Elbow coronalM R 63
Knee, flexed, lateral X-ray, old age 98
Elbow, humeroradialj oint, sagittalM R 63
Knee, child 11 years,l ateralX -ray 98
Forearm Knee and leg, newborn, a-p X-ray 99
Forearm, a-p X-ray 64 Knee, 99mT c-MDB a-p scintigraphy,c hild l2 years 99
Forearm, a-p X-ray, child 2 years 65 Knee, axial CT 100-102
58 SHOULDER
Scoutv iew
1: Coracoipdr ocess
2: Righht umerahle adi,n wardro tated
3: Sternaeln do f clavicle
4: Lefth umerahl eado, utwardro tated
5: Planeo f section
Shouldera, xiaCl T
1: Greatetru bercle 6: Sternaeln do f clavicle 1l: Glenocida vity
2: Coracoipdr ocess 7: Lessetru bercle 12:F irstr ib
3: Necko f scapula 8: Intertubercuglraoro ve 13:S econrdib
4: Spineo f scapula 9: Greatetru bercle
5: Apexo f lung 10:H umerahle ad
Shoulderc, oronaMl R
Planeo f sectioningin dicatedo n sectionB
1: Acromiaeln do f clavicle B: Compacbto neo f humeraslh aft 15:S calenumse dius
2: Acromioclavicjuolianrtw ithd iscus 9: Subscapularis 16:A pexo f lung
3: Acromion 10:T rapezius 17:F irstr ib
4: Articulacra rtilagoef humerahle ad l1: Apexo f axillaw ithf at andv essels 18:S econrdib
5: Glenoliadb rum 12' I pvalnr qnrnrl:p R-R rnd /'t'\. Dlana ^{ .^^+i^h. ^- {^ll^,.'i'
SHOULDER 59
1 10
z 11
{
4 72
13
I4
6
6 15
7
16
8
9
Shouldera, xiaMl R
Planeo f sectioninign dicateodn sectionA
)ectoralmisi nor 7: Articulacra rtilage 13:S ubclavius
3oracobrachiaanlidsb, icepss,h orth ead 8: Subdeltobidu rsa 14:S ubscapularis
Lessetur bercle 9: Infraspinatus 15:S calenumse dius
Rinonc lnns hpad 10:S ubcutaneofauts 16: Necko f scapula
,D,vvePvrl toi'dv' e'b u's 'vvv 11:C lavicle A-A:P laneo f section(A )o n previoupsa ge
Greateturb ercle 12:A pexo f axillaw ithf at,v esselasn dn erves
8
9
10
11
I2
13
I4
15
Shouldera, xiaMl R
Planeo f sectioningin dicatedo n sectionA
Coracobrachiaanlidss ,h orth eado f biceps 6: Pectoralmisa jor 11:S calenumse dius
Brcepslo, ngh ead 7: Clavicle 12:S ubscapularis
Deltoideus B: Pectoralmisi nor 13:S capula
Surgicnael cko f humerus 9: Axillarayr terya ndb rachiapll exus 14:S erratuasn terior
Tricepslo, ngh ead 10:A pexo f lung 15:I nfraspinatus
60 ARM
Arm,u ppetrh irda, xiaMl R
1: Bicepbsr achisi,h orht ead 7: Radianle rve 13:U lnanr erve
2: Bicepsb rachilio, ngh ead B: Profundbar achiai rtery 14:B rachiaalr tery
3: Cephalvice in 9: Tricepbsr achilia, terahl ead 15:T ricepbsr achimi, ediahl ead
4: Coracobrachialis 10:M ediaann dm usculocutanneeursv e 16:T ricepbsr achilio, ngh ead
5: Deltoimd uscle l1: Brachivael in
6: Shafot f humerus 12:B asilivce in
7
8
9
10
11
I2
1 ?
IJ
L4
Arm, middlea, xiaMl R
1: Bicepbsr achii 6: Tricepbsr achilia, terahl ead 11:U lnanr erve
2: Cephalvice in 7: Medianne rve 12:T ricepbsr achimi, ediahl ead
3: Brachialmisu scle B: Brachiaalr terya ndv eins 13:T ricepbsr achilio, ngh ead
4: Shafot f humerus 9: Basilivce ins l4: Internaalp oneurosoifs tr icepsb rach
5: Radianle rvea ndp rofundbar achaii rtery 10: Musculocutanenoeursv e
ELBOW 61
I4
15
A
16
7
I7
8 l8
9 19
t0
Elbow,a xiaCl T
Vlediacnu bitavle in 8: Extensocra rpri adialilso ngus 15:U lnanr erve
3rachiaarl tery 9: Commoenx tensoter ndon l6: Mediaclo llaterlaigl ament
liceps( tendon) 10:A nconeus 17:T rochlea
lrachialis 11 : Pronatoter res 18:C apitulum
ladianl erve 12:M edianne rve 19:O lecranon
Srachioradialis 13:C ommofnle xotre ndon
Articulcaar psule 14:M ediaelp icondyle
Scoutv iewf or elbowa, xiaCl T
10
11
I2
13
I4
15
16
17
7 18
B
9
Elbowa, xiaCl T
Mediacnu bitavle in 8: Heado f radius I4: Extenscoar rpria dialipsa, lmarliosn gus,
62 ELBOW
Elbow,a -pX -ray
1: Shafot f humerus 6: Heado f radius l2: Trochlea
2: Olecranfoons saa, nd 7: Necko f radius 13:C oronopidr ocess
coronoifdo ssa( superimposed) B: Shafot f radius 14:A rticulacri rcumferenocfe ra dius
3: Lateraelp icondyle 9: Mediaslu pracondyrildagr e 15:R adiatul berosity
4: Capitulum 10:M ediaelp icondyle 16:S hafot f ulna
5: Humeroradjoiainl t 11:O lecranon
Elbow,l ateraXl -ray
1: Capitulum 7: Shafot f radius 13:C oronofido ssa
ELBOW 63
13
3 T4
4
IJ
5 16
6 I7
7 18
8
9
10
1i
Elbow,c oronaMl R
umeraslh aft 7: Necko f radius 13:M ediaelp icondyle
lecranofons sa 8: Supinator 14:T rochlea
apitulum 9: Radiatul berosity 15:M ediaclo llaterlaigl ament
umeroradjoiainl t 10:Y ellowbo nem arrow 16:P roximaral dio-ulnjoairn t
eado f radius 11 : Compacbto ne 17:U lna
rachioradialis 12:T ricepbsr achii 18:F lexomr uscleosf forearm
13
I4
15
Elbow,h umeroradjioailn t,s agittaMl R
'achioradialis
7: Anulalrr gamenotf radius 12:C apitulum
64 FOREARM
Forearma, -pX -ray
1: Lateraelp icondyle 7: Distael ndo f radius 13:C oronopidr ocess
2: Articulafor veao f radius B: Carpaal rticulasru rfaceo f radius l4: Shafot f ulna
3: Heado f radius 9: Styloidp rocesos f radius 15:N ecko f ulna
4: Necko f radius 10:S caphobido ne 16:H eado f ulna
5: Tuberosiotyf r adius 1l: Mediaelp icondyle 17:S tyloipdr ocesosf ulna
6: Shafot f radius 12:O lecranon 1B:L unatbeo ne
FOREARM
Forearma, -pX -rayc,h ild2 years
l: Diaphysoifs h umerus 5: Distael piphysoisf radius 9: Diaphysoisf u lna
2:C apitulu(oms sificaticoenn ter) (ossificaticoenn ter) 10:C apitatbeo ne( ossificaticoenn ter)
3:T uberosoitfy ra dius 6: Firstm etacarobaol ne 11:H amatbeo ne( ossificaticoenn ter)
4:D iaphysoifs r adius 7: Olecranon 12:F ifthm etacarobaol ne
B: Coronoiodr ocesos f ulna