Anatomy and physiology of the male

26 Pages·2017·2.41 MB·English

by  Alberto Contri

26/04/2017
Reproductive Biotechnologies – Andrology I
Anatomy and physiology of
the male
Prof. Alberto Contri
Anatomy of the male
• Testis and membranes of the testis
• Excurrent duct system
• Glands of the reproductive tract
• Structures for the copulation
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Anatomy of the male
Gonads localization
Perienal
Inguinal
What is common?
Suspended outside the abdomen
Anatomy of the male
Scrotum - layers
Integument
Superficial
Dartos
Spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Deep
Vaginal tunic parietal
visceral
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Anatomy of the male
Cremaster muscle
Scrotum Integument
Dartos
Spermatic fascia
Vaginal tunic parietal
visceral
Anatomy of the male
Layers derived from the absominal wall
Scrotum and dartos
Integument and subc. tissue
Superficial vaginal
Superficial abdominal fascia
(spermatic) fascia
Cremaster muscle
Muscles of the abdomen
Deep vaginal
Deep abdominal fascia –
(spermatic) fascia
transversalis fascia
Vaginal tunic
Peritoneum
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Anatomy of the male
Scrotum – skin and dartos
• Suspension and protection of the testis
• Involved in the termoregulation
Anatomy of the male
Cremaster muscle
• Striated muscle
• Voluntary muscle
• Connected with the inguinal ring
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Anatomy of the male
Spermatic fascia
Component of the inguinal canal
Aid movement of the testis
Anatomy of the male
Vaginal tunic
Derived from the peritoneum
Superficial
Deep
Form a vaginal cavity
Follow the testes during the descent
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Anatomy of the male
Testis
Two crucial functions
1 - Gametogenic
2 - Endocrine
Anatomy of the male
Testis
Different orientation in different species
cranial caudal
caudal
cranial
Stallion – ventrocaudal major axis
Ruminants – vertical major axis
caudal
Dog and boar – dorsocaudal major axis
cranial
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Anatomy of the male
Vessels of the testis
Spermatic cord
Within the vaginal canal
- deferent duct
- testicular artery
- testicular venous
Evaluation – gap fill test
cremaster muscle spermatic tunica
incomplete cavity
spermatic fascia complete
dartos subcutaneous tissue
skin pouch layers
The scrotum is a __________(1) containing the testis
and is made of a series of _______(2). Externally the
integument and the __________(3), internally the
_____________(4), followed by the ___________(5).
The _______________ (6) is _____________ (7) and
attachs to the spermatic fascia.
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Physiology of the male
Descent of the testis
Original position near the kidney
Moves at different ages – fetus
Drived by the gumernaculum testis
Physiology of the male
Descent of the testis
Residuals of the gubernaculum testis
testicular proper ligament
ligament of the epididymis tail
scrotal ligament
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Physiology of the male
Thermoregulation
Working temperature lower (2-6°C)
than body temperature
Increased temperture affect sperm production
Relative common cause of infertility in some species
Physiology of the male
Thermoregulation
Mechanisms of thermoregulation:
Mechanic: crematere muscle – tunica dartos
Thermic exchange: pampiniferous plexus
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Physiology of the male
Thermoregulation
Evaporation at the scrotal surface
Reduced temperature Reduced temperature
of the arterial blood of the venous blood
Thermal exchange between V and
A at the pampiniferous plexus
Physiology of the male
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