Anarchism in Korea

308 Pages·2016·3.5 MB·English

by  Hwang, Dongyoun;

Anarchism in Korea
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SUNY series in Global Modernity
—————
Arif Dirlik, editor
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Anarchism in Korea
Independence, Transnationalism, and the
Question of National Development, 1919–1984
Dongyoun Hwang
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Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2016 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner
whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission
in writing of the publisher.
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY
www.sunypress.edu
Production, Ryan Morris
Marketing, Michael Campochiaro
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hwang, Dongyoun, author.
Title: Anarchism in Korea : independence, transnationalism, and the
question of national development, 1919–1984 / Dongyoun Hwang.
Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, 2016. | Series:
SUNY series in global modernity | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015036649| ISBN 9781438461670 (hardcover : alk. paper)
| ISBN 9781438461694 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH: Anarchism—Korea—History—20th century. | Korean
resistance movements, 1905–1945. | Nationalism and socialism—
Korea—20th century.
Classification: LCC HX948.H83 2016 | DDC 335/.83095190904—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015036649
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
Acknowledgments vii
A Note on Romanization xiii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1
Beyond Independence: The Dawn of Korean Anarchism
in China 19
Chapter 2
The Wind of Anarchism in Japan 57
Chapter 3
Pushing the Limits in Colonial Korea 89
Chapter 4
Korean Anarchists in Wartime China and Japan 117
Chapter 5
Deradicalized Anarchism and the Question of National
Development, 1945–1984 157
Conclusion 209
Notes 221
Bibliography 259
Index 281
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Acknowledgments
By scholarly training I am a specialist in modern Chinese history.
So, my journey to complete this study has been a pleasant deviation
from my academic expertise and plan. I wrote a paper on Korean
anarchism for Professor Arif Dirlik in my first semester as a doctoral
student at Duke University. It was a very rough one, and I buried it
in my document folder for more than a decade. In September 2003,
I was developing it to present at a conference he was organizing at
the University of Oregon. Since then, I have greatly enjoyed thinking
and writing about anarchism in Korea, because I realized, somewhat
belatedly, the significance of the subject after the conference. Need-
less to say, I am deeply indebted to Arif Dirlik, my former adviser
at Duke, for not only teaching me with patience and affection about
modern Chinese intellectual history but for guiding me to go beyond
my specialty to understand a much broader history. Without his pas-
sionate encouragement and intellectual stimulation, this study would
have never been made possible.
A number of my Korean colleagues deserve my gratitude for
their assistance and support. Dr. Yi Horyong kindly responded to my
call for help and introduced many materials to me, when I had just
begun my research on this subject a decade ago. Dr. Oh Jang-Whan
also helped me with several rare materials and shared information
about Korean anarchism with me. Dr. Lee Hyun-Joo at the Ministry of
Patriots and Veterans Affairs provided me with the Ministry’s publica-
tions on Korean independence movement, and Professor Jo Sehyeon
shared with me some Chinese and Japanese articles. Professor Baik
Young-seo, former director of the Institute for Korean Studies at Yonsei
University, offered me several opportunities to talk about my research
on Korean anarchism at various occasions before many Korean spe-
cialists from whom I learned a lot and was encouraged with valuable
vii
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viii Acknowledgments
comments, for which I thank him. Among others at Yonsei, Professors
Yim Sung-Mo and Kim Sung-Bo showed their interest in my research
and provided me with various supports whenever I visited Yonsei
over past years. In particular, Professor Yim as a modern Japanese
historian introduced me to some Japanese literature on Korean and/
or Japanese anarchism. Professors Lee Sang-Euy, Jo Kyung Ran, and
Sin Ju Back, all at Yonsei, offered me various comments. I particularly
benefited from Professor Sin’s comments as a discussant at my talk in
March 2014, which made me rethink the structure of this book and my
approach. During my stay at Yonsei in 2008 and 2014, I met several
graduate students, who were very willing to offer their unconditional
assistance and support to their “senior.” I want to express my special
thanks to Mr. Lee Han-Gyeol and the late Ms. Lee Hwa-jung for the
materials and articles they introduced me to.
I would also like to thank Professors Ban Byung-yul at Han-
kuk University of Foreign Studies, Kim Kyeong-il at the Academy of
Korean Studies, and Jeong Seon-tae at Kookmin University for their
comments and interest. My thanks also go to Professors Bang Kwang
Suk, Chung Moon Sang, Jeon In Gap, Choi Won-shik, Yim Hyung-
taek, Lee Seong-Paik, Kim Seung Wook, Park Jin-su, Kwon Hee-ju,
Choi Sung-sil, Kim Jang Hwan, Ha Se Bong, and Lee Hun Sang for
their support and interest in my study on various occasions. Professor
Emeritus Chong Key Ray gave me special support and encourage-
ment. Professors Chung Byung Ho, Kim Gye-ja, Kim Hyo-soon, Yokoji
Keiko, and Hibi Yoshitaka, all of whom I met in October 2013 at Korea
University, encouraged me to pursue my regional perspective. I am
also grateful to Roxann Prazniak, Rob Wilson, Bruce Cumings, Bryna
Goodman, Tomoko Aoyama, Jesse Cohn, and Park Sunyoung for their
interest, help, encouragement, or comments on various occasions. I
would also like to thank two anonymous readers for the SUNY Press
for their insightful comments and helpful suggestions.
In the years that were spent to write this book the most crucial
help in terms of materials was provided by those at the Institute for
the Study of National Culture (Gungmin munhwa yeon-guso). To name
them: Mr. Lee Mun-Chang, the late Mr. Jo Gwanghae, Mr. Song Heon-
jo, Mr. Um Dong-il, and Mr. Nam Yi-haeng, as well as Professors Oh
Jang-Whan and Kim Myeongseop. Mr. Lee particularly spared his
precious time with me to answer my questions and tell me about his
experiences after 1945. I am also deeply grateful to Mr. Kim Young-
Chun, Ms. Park Jeong-Hee, and Mr. Sin Nage, all at the Society to
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Acknowledgments ix
Commemorate Yu Rim (Yu Rim gi-nyeom sa-eophoe). In particular, Mr.
Kim not only provided his writings and materials on Yu Rim but
spent long time with me on two different occasions to share his view
on the history of Korean anarchism. He also traveled with me to the
town of Anui where he arranged my meeting with Mr. Yi Dongwon
and my visit to Anui Middle School and High School, respectively. I
thank both of them for their enthusiastic support.
When I traveled to Tokyo in April 2014 to locate additional
materials, I received warm welcome and help from Mr. Park Chan
Jung and Mr. Cho Jung Bang, both of the Korea Sports Council in
Japan, and President Oh Gong-Tae and Vice President Park An Soon
of the Korean Residents Union in Japan. Ms. Lee Mi-Ae at the His-
tory Museum of Koreans in Japan gave me a guide to the museum,
which helped me think Korean anarchists in Japan within a much
broader context of the history of Koreans in Japan. My special thanks
should go to Professor Sakai Hirobumi at Hitotsubashi University. I
have never met him in person, but he generously responded to my
inquiry and even agreed to share with me rare Chinese materials that
were utilized in this study and will be further used later in a different
project. When I was on my short trip to Quanzhou in June 2015 to
visit Liming Vocational University and locate some additional mate-
rials there, he also introduced me to Professor Liang Yanli of Fudan
University, who in turn introduced me to people at Liming. There
I received warm welcome and crucial materials that I used in this
study and plan on analyzing further in a different project, for which
I thank Professors Wang Qiang, Su Yanming, and Lin Zhanghong,
as well as Mr. Zhang Jianliang and Mr. Lin Yali. I also would like
to thank my friend from Duke, Zhou Yongming at the University of
Wisconsin at Madison, for introducing me to Professor Chen Shaofeng
at Beida and Mr. Chen Zong, who helped me with my brief visit to
the Quanzhou Library.
I have also received supports from my colleagues at Soka Uni-
versity of America. My special thanks go to Michael Hays (now
retired) and Edward Feasel. Ed, in particular, as the dean of faculty,
has supported my research activities in various ways. I also thank
Osamu Ishiyama for his help with Japanese translation. And it has
been a great joy to work with a group of wonderful undergradu-
ate students at Soka. When I taught the Radicalism in Eastern Asia
course per request from several students, I benefited a lot from class-
room discussion. I particularly want to thank Yuka Kishida (now at
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