Analytical instrumentation handbook

2807 Pages·1997·23.58 MB·English

by  Galen Wood Ewing

title: Analytical Instrumentation Handbook
author: Ewing, Galen Wood
publisher: CRC Press
isbn10 | asin: 0824794559
print isbn13: 9780824794552
ebook isbn13: 9780585082059
language: English
Instrumental analysis, Chemistry, Analytic--
subject
Instruments.
publication date: 1997
lcc: QD79.I5A49 1997eb
ddc: 543/.07
Instrumental analysis, Chemistry, Analytic--
subject:
Instruments.
Page i
Analytical Instrumentation Handbook
Second Edition, Revised and Expanded
Edited by
Galen Wood Ewing
Las Vegas, New Mexico
M D I
ARCEL EKKER, NC.
N Y B
EW ORK ASEL
Page ii
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Analytical instrumentation handbook / edited by Galen Wood Ewing.
-
2nd. ed., rev. and expanded.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-8247-9455-9 (hc: alk. paper)
1. Instrumental analysis. 2. Chemistry, Analytic-Instruments.
I. Ewing, Galen Wood.
QD79.I5A49 1997
543'.07-dc21
6-51434
CIP
The authors, editor, and publisher of this book make no warranty of
any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to the instruments and
applications described herein.
Trademarked names appear throughout the book. Rather than list the
names and entities that own the trademarks, or insert a trademark
symbol with each mention of the name, the publisher is using the
names only for editorial purposes and to the benefit of the trademark
owners, with no intention of infringing upon that trademark.
The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk
quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional
Marketing at the address below.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 1997 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. All Rights
Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher.
MARCEL DEKKER, INC.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
http://www.dekker.com
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Page iii
Preface to the Second Edition
This Analytical Instrumentation Handbook is intended primarily to act
as a guide for workers in the field of analytical chemistry who may be
called on to decide what approach to pursue in solving specific
problems. The book provides basic information about the various
alternatives.
The second edition of the handbook contains 25 chapters, each
devoted to a particular class of instruments. The reader will find
considerable variation in format from chapter to chapter, as well as
some degree of overlap. I feel that this is not only inevitable, but
desirable, as the experts writing the various chapters are the best
judges of the needs in particular fields. Some writers have listed
sources of equipment by brand names, while others have not felt this
to be necessary. Some have relied heavily on block diagrams of
instruments rather than detailed descriptions of commercial versions;
this approach is especially appropriate in a field in which many of the
instruments have been assembled by the user. No attempt has been
made to list all manufacturers; the numerous buyers' guides should be
consulted if this information is needed.
The text and references of the chapters from the first edition have
been brought up-to-date by their authors. The list of chapters has been
modified since the first edition was published. The chief topic that has
been added is capillary electrophoresis, discussed in Chapter 25. This
subject has been increasing in importance in recent years, and we are
fortunate to be able to add a substantial chapter, contributed by Dr.
Norberto A. Guzman and his colleagues. Another topic new to the
handbook is on X-ray analysis, discussed in Chapter 10, by Dr.
Michael L. Parsons. An additional change is the merger of the
material on infrared and Raman spectroscopies into a single
presentation, thus permitting more convenient comparisons of the two
approaches to vibrational/rotational spectroscopy. This is given in
Chapter 9, written by Dr. John Coates.
Two chapters from the first edition have been omitted. The material
on lasers has been distributed throughout the volume with descriptions
as needed in connection with specific applications. The chapter on
automatic titrators is of little current interest, and so has been omitted.
I acknowledge with thanks the painstaking efforts of the chapter
authors. I am particularly indebted to Marcel and Russell Dekker of
Marcel Dekker, Inc. Their cooperation and help is greatly appreciated.
GALEN WOOD EWING
Page v
Preface to the First Edition
This Analytical Instrumentation Handbook is intended primarily to be
a guide for workers in the field of analytical chemistry who are called
on to decide what approach to pursue in solving specific problems.
No one person can be expected to be expert in more than a few of the
techniques that are available in a modern analytical laboratory. Hence
there is a tendency to adopt a particular method simply because it is
more familiar to the operator (or perhaps less expensive) than other
alternative methods, some of which might be better adapted to the
problem at hand. Rather than choose a method arbitrarily, the chemist
is urged to consult this handbook for an overview of other possible
techniques. Once a technique has been selected, the handbook will
present pertinent information about options within each domain,
including the pros and cons of different kinds of instrumentation.
The handbook will also be of value as a library reference for all
persons interested in this basic area of chemical science, from college
and university students through the technician and research levels, to
industrial management.
The reader will find considerable variation in format from chapter to
chapter. I feel that this is not only inevitable, but desirable, as the
experts writing the various chapters are the best judges of the needs in
particular fields. Some writers have listed sources of equipment by
brand names, while others have not felt this to be necessary. Some
have relied heavily on block diagrams of instruments rather than
detailed descriptions; this approach is especially appropriate in a field
where most of the instruments in use have been assembled by the user.
No attempt has been made to list all manufacturers; the numerous
buyers' guides should be consulted if this information is needed.
I acknowledge with thanks the painstaking efforts of the chapter
authors. Their cooperation is greatly appreciated.
GALEN WOOD EWING
Page vii
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition iii
Preface to the First Edition v
Contributors ix
Introduction xi
1. The Laboratory Use of Computers 1
Maarten van Swaay
2. Laboratory Balances 57
Walter E. Kupper
3. Organic Elemental Analysis 85
T. S. Ma
4. Continuous-Flow Analyzers 125
Charles J. Patton and Adrian P. Wade
5. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy 221
Willard A. Hareland
6. Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectrometry 257
Michael L. Parsons
7. Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared 327
Spectrophotometers
Chris W. Brown
8. Molecular Fluorescence and Phosphorescence 351
Linda B. McGown and Kasem Nithipatikom
9. Vibrational Spectroscopy: Instrumentation for Infrared 393
and Raman Spectroscopy
John Coates