Analysis and Design of New Electronically Reconfigurable Periodic Leaky-Wave Antennas

242 Pages·2015·9.1 MB·Spanish

Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Department of Information and Communication
Technologies

Analysis and Design of New
Electronically Reconfigurable Periodic
Leaky-Wave Antennas
(Doctoral Thesis)

Dissertation written by
Raúl Guzmán Quirós
Supervised by
Dr. José Luis Gómez Tornero

Cartagena, September 2014

/f&k Universidad
fl£|iB Politécnica
de Cartagena
DT-16
CONFORMIDAD DE SOLICITUD DEAUTORIZACIÓN DE DEPÓSITO DE
TESIS DOCTORAL POR EL/LA DIRECTOR/A DE LA TESIS
D. JOSÉ LUIS GÓMEZ TORNERO Director de la Tesis doctoral ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OF NEW ELECTRONICALLY RECONFIGURABLE PERIODIC LEAKY-
WAVE ANTENNAS
INFORMA:
Que la referida Tesis Doctoral, ha sido realizada por D/D.RAÚL GUZMÁN QUIRÓS,
a
dentro del programa de doctorado TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y LAS
COMUNICACIONES, dando mi conformidad para que sea presentada ante la Comisión de
Doctorado para ser autorizado su depósito.
La rama de conocimiento en la que esta tesis ha sido desarrollada es:
• Ciencias
• Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas
S Ingeniería y Arquitectura
En Cartagena, a 5 de JUNIO de 2014
EL DIRECTOR DE LA TESIS
Fdo.:,
COMISIÓN DE DOCTORADO

“Vivir no es sólo existir,
sino existir y crear,
saber gozar y sufrir
y no dormir sin soñar.

Descansar, es empezar a morir.”
Gregorio Marañón

A mis padres.

Contents ix

Contents
Chapter 1 General Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Reconfigurable Antennas .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Motivation and Objectives .......................................................................................... 19
1.3 Thesis Outline and Original Contributions ................................................................. 21
Chapter 2 Half-Space Electronic-Steering 1D FP LWA ......................................................... 23
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 25
2.2 Leaky-Wave Antennas ................................................................................................ 27
2.2.1 Principles of LWAs ............................................................................................. 30
2.2.2 Frequency Dispersion of LWAs .......................................................................... 35
2.2.3 Classification of LWAs ....................................................................................... 38
2.3 Passive 1D FP LWA ................................................................................................... 45
2.3.1 Fabry-Pérot LWAs .............................................................................................. 46
2.3.2 Double-layer 1D FP LWA .................................................................................. 53
2.3.3 Effect of the PRS ................................................................................................. 56
2.3.4 Effect of the HIS ................................................................................................. 60
2.3.5 Control of the pointing angle and beamwidth in 1D FP LWAs .......................... 64
2.4 Electronic-Steering 1D FP LWA ................................................................................ 67
2.4.1 General Structure ................................................................................................. 67
2.4.2 Analysis and Design Methodology ..................................................................... 69
2.5 Characterization .......................................................................................................... 72
2.5.1 Transverse Equivalent Network .......................................................................... 73
2.5.2 Pole-Zero Method ............................................................................................... 76
2.5.3 Design and Characterization of the Passive PRS ................................................ 80
2.5.4 Design and Characterization of the Tunable HIS ................................................ 84
2.6 Electronic Control of the Pointing Angle .................................................................... 91
2.6.1 Dispersion Analysis by TEN ............................................................................... 91
2.6.2 Full-Wave Simulations ........................................................................................ 94
x Contents

2.6.3 Optimization of the Dynamic Scanning Range ................................................... 97
2.7 Experiments ................................................................................................................. 99
2.7.1 Fabricated Prototype ........................................................................................... 99
2.7.2 Experimental Tests and Results ........................................................................ 103
2.8 Efficiency Analysis ................................................................................................... 107
2.9 Analysis of the Scanning Pattern Bandwidth ............................................................ 111
2.9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 111
2.9.2 Scanning PBW Theory ...................................................................................... 112
2.9.3 Analysis Example on the Electronic-Steering 1D FP LWA ............................. 114
2.10 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 120
Chapter 3 Full-Space Electronic-Steering 1D FP LWA ........................................................ 123
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 125
3.2 Structure .................................................................................................................... 127
3.3 Dispersion Analysis and Defined Regions ................................................................ 128
3.4 Operating Regimes .................................................................................................... 130
3.5 Experiments ............................................................................................................... 133
3.5.1 Fabricated Prototype ......................................................................................... 133
3.5.2 Experimental Results ......................................................................................... 136
3.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 4 Full-Space Electronic-Steering 2D FP LWA ........................................................ 143
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 145
4.2 Structure .................................................................................................................... 149
4.3 Dispersion Regions and Operating Regimes ............................................................. 152
4.4 Experiments ............................................................................................................... 157
4.4.1 Fabricated Prototype ......................................................................................... 157
4.4.2 Experimental Results ......................................................................................... 161
4.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 169
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Lines ............................................................................... 172
5.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 172