Analog Circuit Design: Smart Data Converters, Filters on Chip, Multimode Transmitters

340 Pages·2010·14.09 MB·English

by  Bang-Sup Song (auth.)

Analog Circuit Design
Arthur H. M. van Roermund (cid:129) Herman Casier
Michiel Steyaert
Editors
Analog Circuit Design
Smart Data Converters, Filters on Chip,
Multimode Transmitters
ABC
Editors
Dr.ArthurH.M.vanRoermund Prof.MichielSteyaert
DepartmentofElectricalEngineering DepartmentofElectrical
EindhovenUniversityofTechnology Engineering(ESAT)
5600MBEindhoven KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven
Netherlands KasteelparkArenberg10
[email protected] 3001Leuven
Belgium
Dr.HermanCasier [email protected]
Avondster6
8520Kuurne
Belgium
herman [email protected]
ISBN978-90-481-3082-5 e-ISBN978-90-481-3083-2
DOI10.1007/978-90-481-3083-2
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009929389
(cid:2)c SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010
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Preface
ThisbookispartoftheAnalogCircuitDesignseriesandcontainscontributionsof
thespeakersofthe18thworkshoponAdvancesinAnalogCircuitDesign(AACD),
which was organized by Sven Mattisson of Ericsson. The workshop was held in
Lund,Sweden,fromMarch31toApril2,2009.
The book comprises three parts, covering advanced analog and mixed-signal
circuitdesignfieldsthatareconsideredasveryimportantbythecircuitdesigncom-
munity:
(cid:2) SmartDataConverters
(cid:2) FiltersonChip
(cid:2) MultimodeTransmitters
Eachpartissetupwithsixpapersfromexpertsinthefield.
TheaimoftheAACDworkshopistobringtogetheragroupofexpertdesigners
to discuss new developments and future options. Each workshop is then followed
bythepublicationofabookbySpringerintheirsuccessfulseriesofAnalogCircuit
Design. This book is number 18 in this series. The books can be seen as a refer-
enceforallpeopleinvolvedinanalogandmixed-signaldesign.Thefulllistofthe
previousbooksandtopicsintheseriesisgivennext.
Weareconfidentthatthisbook,likeitspredecessors,providesavaluablecontri-
butiontoouranalogandmixed-signalcircuit-designcommunity.
ArthurvanRoermund.
Thetopicscoveredbeforeinthisseries:
2008 Pavia(Italy) High-speedClockandDataRecovery
High-performanceAmplifiers
PowerManagement
2007 Oostende(Belgium) Sensors,ActuatorsandPowerDriversforthe
AutomotiveandIndustrialEnvironment
IntegratedPAsfromWirelinetoRF
VeryHighFrequencyFrontEnds
(continued)
v
vi Preface
(continued)
2006 Maastricht(The High-speedADConverters
Netherlands) AutomotiveElectronics:EMCIssues
UltraLowPowerWireless
2005 Limerick(Ireland) RFCircuits:WideBand,Front-Ends,DACs
DesignMethodologyandVerificationofRFand
Mixed-SignalSystems
LowPowerandLowVoltage
2004 Montreux(Swiss) SensorandActuatorInterfaceElectronicsIntegrated
High-VoltageElectronicsandPowerManagement
Low-PowerandHigh-ResolutionADCs
2003 Graz(Austria) Fractional-NSynthesizersDesignforRobustness
LineandBusdrivers
2002 Spa(Belgium) StructuredMixed-ModeDesign
Multi-BitSigma-DeltaConverters
Short-RangeRFCircuits
2001 Noordwijk(The ScalableAnalogCircuits
Netherlands) High-SpeedD/AConverters
RFPowerAmplifiers
High-SpeedA/DConverters
2000 Munich(Germany)
Mixed-SignalDesignPLLsandSynthesizers
1999 Nice(France) XDSLandotherCommunicationSystems
RF-MOSTModelsandBehaviouralModelling
IntegratedFiltersandOscillators
1998 Copenhagen(Denmark) 1-VoltElectronics
Mixed-ModeSystems
LNAsandRFPowerAmpsforTelecom
1997 Como(Italy) RFA/DConverters
SensorandActuatorInterfaces
Low-NoiseOscillators,PLLsandSynthesizers
1996 Lausanne(Swiss) RFCMOSCircuitDesign
BandpassSigmaDeltaandOtherDataConverters
TranslinearCircuits
1995 Villach(Austria) Low-Noise/Power/Voltage
Mixed-ModewithCADTools
Voltage,CurrentandTimeReferences
1994 Eindhoven(Netherlands) Low-PowerLow-Voltage
IntegratedFilters
SmartPower
1993 Leuven(Belgium) Mixed-ModeA/DDesign
SensorInterfaces
CommunicationCircuits
1992 Scheveningen(The OpAmps
Netherlands) ADC
AnalogCAD
Contents
PartI SmartDataConverters
1 LMS-BasedDigitalAssistingforDataConverters........................ 3
Bang-SupSong
2 Pipelined ADC Digital Calibration Techniques
andTradeoffs ................................................................. 23
ImranAhmed
3 High-ResolutionandWide-BandwidthCMOSPipeline
ADConverters ................................................................ 43
HansVandeVel
4 ASignalProcessingViewonTime-InterleavedADCS................... 61
ChristianVogel
5 DAC Correction and Flexibility, Classification, New
MethodsandDesigns......................................................... 79
GeorgiRadulov,PatrickQuinn,HansHegt,andArthurvan
Roermund
6 Smart CMOS Current-Steering D/A-Converters
forEmbeddedApplications .................................................107
MartinClara,DanielGruber,andWolfgangKlatzer
PartII FiltersOn-Chip
7 SynthesisofLow-SensitivityAnalogFilters ...............................129
LarsWanhammar
8 High-PerformanceContinuous-TimeFilterswithOn-Chip
Tuning..........................................................................147
JoseSilva-MartinezandAydın˙I.Kars¸ılayan
vii
viii Contents
9 Source-Follower-BasedContinuousTimeAnalogFilters................167
Stefano D’Amico, Marcello De Matteis, and Andrea
Baschirotto
10 ReconfigurableActive-RCFilterswithHighLinearity
andLowNoiseforHomeNetworkingApplications ......................189
JanVandenbussche,JanCrols,andYuichiSegawa
11 On-Chip Instantaneously Companding Filters
forWirelessCommunications...............................................203
VaibhavMaheshwariandWouterA.Serdijn
12 BAW-IC CO-Integration Tunable Filters
atGHzFrequencies ..........................................................219
AndreiaCathelin,Ste´phaneRazafimandimby,andAndreas
Kaiser
PartIII Multi-modeTransmitters
13 MultimodeTransmitters:EasierwithStrongNonlinearity..............247
EarlMcCune
14 RBS High Efficiency Power Amplifier Research –
ChallengesandPossibilities .................................................259
BoBerglund,UlfGustavsson,JohanThoreba¨ck,Thomas
Lejon,andEricssonAB
15 Multi-ModeTransmittersinCMOS........................................275
ManelCollados,XinHe,JanvanSinderen,andRafRoovers
16 ChallengesforMobileTerminalCMOSPowerAmplifiers..............295
PatrickReynaert
17 MultimodeTransmitterswith(cid:2)†-BasedAll-DigitalRF
SignalGeneration ............................................................305
A.Frappe´,A.Kaiser,A.Flament,andB.Stefanelli
18 SwitchedModeTransmitterArchitectures................................325
HenrikSjo¨land,CarlBryant,VandanaBassoo,andMike
Faulkner
Part I
Smart Data Converters
Thefirstpartofthisbookcoversthetheme‘SmartDataConverters’.Asthename
indicates, it deals with smart converters that have some kind of smartness imple-
mentedonchip,tomaketheconverterbetterinperformanceforagivenamountof
resourceslikepowerdissipationandarea.On-chipsmartnessmightalsoresultinan
increaseinyield,adecreaseindesigneffort,ahigherflexibility,morefunctionality
and/orbroaderapplicability.Alltheseaspectsinturnalsopayoffinlesscost.
The Part starts with AD converters. Three types of AD converters achieve
considerable attention nowadays, and are therefore addressed here: pipelined,
Sigma-Delta, and time-interleaved AD converters. The first paper discusses both
LMS-based calibrated pipeline and Sigma-Delta converters and also makes some
comparisons between the two. The second paper fully focuses on pipeline con-
verters and addresses several calibration techniques. The third paper discusses a
calibratedpipelineintheapplicationcontextofamulti-channel,andthuswideband,
frontendofacellularbasestation.
Nextweproceedwithapaperontime-interleavedconverters.Heretheproblem
isintheequalityofthechannelsintermsofgain,time,andmoregenericallyseen:
inspectralbehaviour.Thispaperwilladdresstheproblemfromasignal-processing
point of view, so from a higher level of abstraction, to show what theoretical ap-
proaches are possible to correct for lower-level induced channel differences, and
whatarethetradeoffsbetweenthem,onanalgorithmiclevel.
Finally we end up with two DA papers. The first one gives an overview and
classificationofsmartapproachesforCurrent-SteeringDAs,astheyareknownnow
inliterature,showssolutionsformissingapproaches,andaddressesflexibilityasone
of the features of smart converters. The second DA paper also addresses Current-
Steering DAs, but focuses more specifically on the embedding of these kinds of
converters in systems-on-chip (SoCs), which implies some extra constraints that
shouldbemet.
ArthurvanRoermund
Chapter 1
LMS-Based Digital Assisting for Data
Converters
Bang-SupSong
Abstract Aggressive device scaling down to the nano-meter range offers IC
designersbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Digitaldesignersbenefitgreatlyfrom
thesystemflexibilityandaffordability,butanalog/RFdesignersarestrugglingwith
flawed devices. Since scaled devices are faster and smaller, the incentive to use
suchstrengthsadvantageouslyhaspromptedmanyeffortstoovercomeanalogim-
perfection by digital means. Designers are introducing more DSP functionality to
enhance the performance of analog/RF systems. More intelligence is being built
into analog/RF designs as in linear PA, RF receiver front-end, ADC/DAC, digital
PLL,etc.Suchpervasivedesigntechniqueswithdigitalassistingwillprevailinthe
futureSOCdesign.Afterabriefoverviewofthetrend,examplesoftheLMS-based
calibration algorithm applied to the pipeline and CT cascaded (cid:2)† modulator are
discussed.
1.1 Introduction
CMOS analog design has evolved along with the device scaling for three decades
since early 1980s. In its early days, the supply voltage was higher, the opamp had
high gain while devices were slow, and the crude lithography limited the capaci-
tor matching only to 8–9b level. The two-stage opamp and the simple SAR were
predominantlyusedatlow10sofkHzrangemostlyforthevoice-bandprocessing.
The(cid:2)†modulatorwasfeasible,butdigitalfilteringwasverycostly.Thischanged
in1990sasCMOSwasaggressivelyscaleddowntowardsthesub-micronrange.In
thismiddleperiod,thesupplyvoltagewasloweredfromhigh5–10to1.8–3.3V,and
devices were fast enough to digitize the video band and beyond. Two ADC archi-
tecturesstoodout–pipelineforhigh-speedcommunicationsandvideo,and(cid:2)†for
high-resolutionaudio.Cascadedsingle-stageopampwasadopted,andmanyADC
calibration techniques were developed to enhance the resolution of the pipelined
B.-S.Song((cid:2))
DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
A.H.M.vanRoermundetal.(eds.),AnalogCircuitDesign:SmartDataConverters, 3
FiltersonChip,MultimodeTransmitters,DOI10.1007/978-90-481-3083-2 1,
(cid:3)c SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010