Table Of ContentA.Gullo(Editor)
Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency – A.P.I.C.E.
Proceedingsofthe
19thPostgraduateCourseinCriticalCareMedicine
Trieste,Italy- November12- 15,2004
A. Gullo (Editor)
Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care
and Emergency
A.P.I.C.E.
Proceedings of the
th
19 Postgraduate Course in Critical Care Medicine
Trieste, Italy – November 12-15, 2004
Springer
ANTONINOGULLO,M.D.
Head,DepartmentofPerioperativeMedicine,
IntensiveCareandEmergency
TriesteUniversitySchoolofMedicine
Trieste,Italy
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2004115099
ISBN88-470-0288-5 SpringerMilanBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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V
Table of Contents
ADVANCESINCRITICALCARE
Chapter1–Effectsofbodypositiononventilation/perfusionmatching
G.HEDENSTIERNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter2–ChestPain
F.SCHIRALDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter3–Theelectrocardiogramintheemergencydepartment
F.SCHIRALDI,F.PALADINO,E.G.RUGGIERO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Chapter4–Theuseofimagingtoresolvedifficultdiagnoses
V.CIOFFI,L.CALDERAN,M.COVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter5–AssessmentofPain
D.CARISTI,A.GALZERANO,M.PIVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter6–Titrationofopioidsforacutepainmanagement
Y.LEYKIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Chapter7–Neonatalmechanicalventilation
A.BOUGATEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Chapter8–Extracorporealcirculationintheintensivecareunit
V.GA[PAROVI],M.MERKLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Chapter9–Clinicaldecision-makinginthemanagementofsepsisandsepticshock
F.BARATTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter10–Intracranialhaemorrhage:thesolutionofferedbyrecombinantfactorVIIa
G.MICIELI,A.CAVALLINI,S.MARCHESELLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
VI
Chapter11–AnintroductiontoOpenSourcesoftwarelicensing
anduseinanaesthesiadepartment
V.LANZA,M.SAJEVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
MICRODIALYSIS
Chapter12–Lessonswehavelearntfrommicrodialysisinanimalsandhumans
NORDSTRÖM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Chapter13–Secondarybraininjury-doesmicrodialysishavearole?
M.SMITH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Chapter14–Livergraftmonitoringwithintrahepaticmicrodialysis
G.NOWAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Chapter15–Myocardialmetabolismduringopenheartsurgery,assessed
withmicrodialysis
L.BAHLMANN,J.PÖLING,S.KLAUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
CLINICALPHARMACOLOGY
Chapter16–Thejourneyofadrugtothetargetsite:whatisitdecisive?
C.THALLINGER,C.JOUKHADAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Chapter17–Thepharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamicsofantimicrobialagents
inintensivecareunitpatientsasassessedbymicrodialysis
V.KULEMANN,C.JOUKHADAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
PERIOPERATIVEMEDICINE
Chapter18–Anaestheticeffectsonregionalcerebralbloodflowandmetabolism:
threecontemporaryreasonstocare
M.ALKIRE,J.MILLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Chapter19–Whyandwhenisinhalationanaesthesiabetter
I.SALVO,P.SILVANI,A.CAMPORESI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Chapter20–Analysisandinstrumentationsforestimatingcerebralactivity
E.FACCO,S.BARBIERI,M.MUNARI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
VII
Chapter21–Neuroimagingpharmacologyofattentionandmemory
U.FREO,C.ORI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Chapter22–Intracranialpressuremonitoring
M.MUNARI,S.M.VOLPIN,E.FACCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Chapter23–Improvingqualityofrecovery
M.KLIMEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
LUNGANDARTIFICIALVENTILATION
Chapter24–Molecularbiologyandlungdisease.Whatistheimpact?
A.C.ANDRADE,M.M.MORALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Chapter25–Surfactantmetabolism:factorsaffectinglipiduptakeinvivoandinvitro
D.L.H.POELNA,J.F.VANIWAARDEN,B.LACHMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Chapter26–Respiratorymechanicsatthebedside
T.LUECKE,F.FIEDLER,P.PELOSI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Chapter27–PEEPandcardiacoutput
T.LUECKE,R.GIESER,P.PELOSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Chapter28–ExpiratoryflowlimitationandintrinsicPEEP
J.MILIC-EMILI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Chapter29–Mechanicalventilationstrategiesforlungprotection
N.R.MACINTYRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Chapter30–Recruitmentandoxygenation
T.MUDERS,H.WRIGGE,C.PUTENSEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Chapter31–Lungoedemainacutelunginjury(ALI)
S.NUNES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Chapter32–Gradingseverityofrespiratorydysfunction,clinicalcorrelates
andindicationsformechanicalventilation
N.THEUERKAUF,H.WRIGGE,C.PUTENSEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Chapter33–Weaningasacardiacstresstest
B.LAMIA,J.-L.TEBOUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
VIII
Chapter34–Respiratorymanagementinobesepatients
P.PELOSI,T.LUECKE,P.CAIRONI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Chapter35–Istheacuterespiratorydistresssyndromeasystemicdisease?
L.BRANDER,A.S.SLUTSKY,H.ZHANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
CARDIOVASCULARCRITICALCARE
Chapter36–Invasiveversusnon-invasivehaemodinamicmonitoring
inmajorvascularsurgery
B.ALLARIA,M.RESTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Chapter37–Analysisofarterialpulse–clinicalimplications
GIOMARELLI,S.SCOLLETTA,S.M.ROMANO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Chapter38–Beat–by–beatmonitoringofcardiacoutput
withpressurerecordinganalyticalmethod
S.SCOLLETTA,P.GIOMARELLI,B.BIAGIOLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Chapter39–Haemodynamicstandardisationproceduresinhigh-risksurgery
T.YAMAGUTI,S.MINHYEKIM,J.O.C.AULER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Chapter40–FromFrank–Starlingrelationshipstoventriculo–arterialcoupling
R.NAEIJE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Chapter41–Pharmacologyandselectionofinotropictherapy
J.O.C.AULER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Chapter42–Decision–makingincriticalcare:cardiacarrhythmias
andrelatedtopics
J.L.ATLEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Chapter43–Managementforthepatientwithanimplantedcardiacrhythm
managementdevice(CRMD)
J.L.ATLEE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Chapter44–Hypothemiaincardiacsurgery
J.O.C.AULER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
IX
CARDIOPULMONARYRESUSCITATION
Chapter45–Pharmacologicalmanagementofcardiopulmonaryresuscitation
T.PELLIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Chapter46–Myocardialpreservation,reperfusioninjury,
andpostresuscitationmyocardialdysfunction
R.J.GAZMURI,J.RADHAKRISHNAN,J.KORALOVA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
MICROCIRCULATIONANDSHOCK
Chapter47–Regionalbloodflowdistributioninseptic,cardiogenic
andhaemorrhagicshock
D.DEBACKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Chapter48–Orthogonalpolarisationspectralimaging:principles,techniques,
humanstudies
D.DEBACKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Chapter49–Carbondioxidemonitoringtoevaluatecelloxygenation
J.CRETEUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Chapter50–Themicrocirculationindistress;monitoringandrecruitment
P.GOEDHART,C.INCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Chapter51–Tissuemetabolismindifferenttypesofshock
S.KLAUS,J.PÖLING,L.BAHLMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Chapter52–Organdysfunctionincirculatoryshock–alteredperfusion,metabolism
ortightjunctions?Doweneedashiftofparadigm?
J.TENHUNEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Chapter53–Haemodynamicsupportofpaediatricpatientsinsepticshock
G.ZOBEL,S.RÖDL,H.-M.GRUBBAUER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
PAEDIATRICCRITICALCARE
Chapter54–Recentadvancesinartificialventilationinpaediatricage
G.A.MARRARO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
X
Chapter55–Complicationsinpaediatricregionalanaesthesia
G.IVANI,V.MOSSETTI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Chapter56–Homeventilationinpaediatricpatientswithchronicrespiratoryfailure
B.FAUROUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Chapter57–Decision–makinginpaediatricextracranialtrauma
E.CALDERINI,R.SCARANI,D.NIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Chapter58–Developmentinthetreatmentofpostoperativepaininpaediatrics
P.BUSONI,A.MESSERI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
TRAUMAANDEMERGENCYSYSTEM
Chapter59–Prehospitalcare:triageandprimarysurvey
O.PREDESCU,A.BAKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Chapter60–Spineandspinalcordtrauma
O.PREDESCU,A.BAKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
Chapter61–Treatmentoftheacutepneumothoraxinthefield
G.BERLOT,D.MASSARUTTI,E.CARCHIETTI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
CLINICALSTUDYDESIGN
Chapter62–Criticalappraisalskills
S.MARTINS, A.ZIN,W.ZIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Chapter63–Literaturesearch
S.MARTINS,A.ZIN,W.ZIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Chapter64–Studydesign
S.MARTINS,A.ZIN,W.ZIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Description:In modern medicine the most functional methodologies are taking an increasing importance in spreading informations, rendering it credible while at the same time using reliable data to focus interaction between basic science and clinical medicine. Critical care medicine embraces these needs and more