Anaesthesia Databook: A Perioperative and Peripartum Manual

639 Pages·2001·6.71 MB·English

by  Rosemary Mason

ANAESTHESIA
DATABOOK
APerioperative and Peripartum Manual
3RD EDITION
To Chris,without whom the writing of this book would not have been possible.In affectionate memory of
the late H Stuart Winsey FRCS,an anaesthetist’s surgeon,and the late Ritabrata Bose (Bosie) FRCA,
who valued books.
ANAESTHESIA
DATABOOK
A Perioperative and Peripartum Manual
3RD EDITION
Rosemary Mason
MB ChB DObst RCOG FRCA
Consultant Anaesthetist
Swansea NHS Trust
Singleton Hospital
Swansea SA2 8QA
UK
© 2001
Greenwich Medical Media Limited
137 Euston Road
London
NW1 2AA
ISBN 1 84110067 6
First published 2001
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study,or
criticism or review,as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents
Act 1988,this publication may not be reproduced,stored,or transmitted,in any
form or by any means,without the prior permission in writing of the publishers,
or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of
the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organisations outside
the UK.Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should
be sent to the publishers at the London address printed above.
The right of Rosemary Mason to be identified as editor of this work has been
asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988.
The publisher makes no representation,express or implied,with regard to the
accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal
responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Visit our website at:www.greenwich-medical.co.uk
Distributed worldwide by Plymbridge Distributors Ltd
Typeset by Phoenix Photosetting,Chatham,Kent
Printed by Alden Press Ltd,UK
Contents
SECTION 1 Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome 71
Medical disorders and Budd-Chiari syndrome 73
Buerger’s disease 74
anaesthetic problems
C
A Carcinoid syndrome 76
Achalasia of the oesophagus 3 Cardiac tamponade 79
Achondroplasia 5 Cardiomyopathies;dilated,hypertrophic,
Acromegaly 8 restrictive 82
Addiction 12 Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency 88
Addison’s disease;adrenocortical Carotid body tumour 90
insufficiency 14 Central core disease 91 v
AIDS;acquired immunodeficiency C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency;acquired 93
syndrome 17 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (peroneal
Air embolism;see section 2 525 muscular atrophy) 95
Alcoholism 23 Charge association 96
Aldosteronism,Primary 26 Cherubism 98
Alkaptonuria 26 Christmas disease (haemophilia B) 99
Alveolar proteinosis,pulmonary 27 Churg-Strauss syndrome 99
Amniotic fluid embolism 29 Coarctation of the aorta,adult 100
Amphetamine abuse 29 Cocaine abuse 102
Amyloidosis 32 Cockayne syndrome 106
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 36 Conn’s syndrome (primary aldosteronism) 107
Ankylosing spondylitis 36 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 109
Antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes’ Cri du Chat syndrome 111
syndrome) 40 Cushing’s syndrome & Cushing’s disease 112
Aortic regurgitation 43 Cystic fibrosis 114
Aortic stenosis 46 Cystic hygroma (lymphangioma) 119
Arnold Chiari (and other Chiari)
malformations 49 D
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 51 Dandy-Walker syndrome 122
Asthma 54 Demyelinating diseases 123
Athletic heart syndrome 59 Dermatomyositis/polymyositis complex 125
Automatic implantable cardioverter Diabetes insipidus 127
defibrillators 62 Diabetes mellitus 129
Autonomic failure 66 Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis 134
Down’s syndrome 136
B Drowning and near drowning 139
Becker muscular dystrophy 70 Duchenne muscular dystrophy 142
Anaesthesia Databook: a perioperative and peripartum manual
Dystrophica myotonica;and other Heart block 229
myotonic syndromes 147 HELLP syndrome 235
Hereditary angioneurotic oedema 238
E Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Eaton-Lambert syndrome (Lambert-Eaton (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) 241
or myasthenic syndrome) 153 Hereditary spherocytosis 245
Ebstein’s anomaly 155 Hers’disease (Cori type VI glycogen
Eclampsia and severe preeclampsia 156 storage disease) 246
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 162 Homocystinuria 247
Eisenmenger’s syndrome 166 Hunter’s syndrome;see Hurler’s and
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 169 mucopolysaccharidoses 249
Epidermolysis bullosa (recessive dystrophic) 170 Huntington’s disease 249
Epiglottitis 172 Hurler,Hurler-Schie,Schie,and Hunter’s
Epilepsy 176 syndromes 250
Hydatid disease 255
F Hypercalcaemia 256
Fabry’s disease 182 Hyponatraemia 258
Fallot’s tetralogy 183 Hypothyroidism 262
Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day
syndrome) 186 I
vi
Familial periodic paralyses 188 Infectious mononucleosis 267
Fat embolism syndrome 193 Insulinoma 269
Fibrodysplasia (myositis) ossificans
progressiva 196 J
Fraser syndrome 198 Jehovah’s Witnesses;management for
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome 199 surgery 272
Friedreich’s ataxia 200 Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis 277
G K
Gaucher’s disease 203 Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph
Giant axonal neuropathy 204 node syndrome) 279
Gilbert’s disease (idiopathic unconjugated Kearns-Sayre syndrome 280
hyperbilirubinaemia) 205 Klippel-Feil syndrome 282
Glomus jugulare tumour 205 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome 284
Glucagonoma 207
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase L
deficiency 208 Lambert-Eaton syndrome 287
Glycogen storage diseases 209 Laryngeal papillomatosis 287
Goldenhar’s syndrome 210 Latex allergy 290
Goodpasture’s syndrome 212 Lesch-Nyan disease 291
Gorham’s syndrome 213 Ludwig’s angina 292
Guillain-Barre syndrome 214 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) abuse 294
H M
Haemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease) 218 Malignant hyperthermia 296
Haemophilias A;and haemophilia B 224 Marcus-Gunn jaw winking syndrome 303
Hallervorden-Spatz disease (neuroaxonal Marfan syndrome 303
dystrophy) 228 Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome 307
Contents
Mastocytoses 308 Pericardial disease 384
McArdle’s syndrome (myophosphorylase Phaeochromocytoma 384
deficiency) 311 Phenylketonuria 391
Mediastinal masses 313 Pierre-Robin syndrome and the Robin
Miller’s syndrome 317 sequence 393
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies 318 Pituitary apoplexy 397
Mitral valve disease 321 Plasma cholinesterase abnormalities 399
Morquio’s syndrome Polycythaemia vera and secondary
(mucopolysaccharidosis type IV) 328 polycythaemias 402
Motor neurone disease (amyotrophic Pompe’s disease;and adult-onset acid
lateral sclerosis) 330 maltase deficiency 405
Moyamoya disease 332 Porphyria 407
Mucopolysaccharidoses 335 Prader-Willi syndrome 413
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 336 Protein C deficiency 415
Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager Protein S deficiency 418
syndrome) 337 Pulmonary hypertension 419
Muscular dystrophies 339 Pulmonary oedema 423
Myasthenia gravis 340
Myasthenic syndrome 344 Q
Myeloma,multiple 344 QT interval syndromes,prolonged 433
vii
Myoglobinuria 345
Myotubular (centronuclear) myopathy 345
R
Myxoedema 346
Relapsing polychondritis 439
Myxoma,cardiac 346
Rett syndrome 441
Rhabdomyolysis 442
N
Rheumatoid arthritis 447
Nemaline myopathy 350
Neurofibromatosis (types 1 & 2;
S
von Recklinghausen’s disease) 351
Neurogenic pulmonary oedema 354 Sarcoidosis 452
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 354 Schwartz-Jampel syndrome 454
Noonan’s syndrome 357 Scleroderma 455
Scoliosis 458
O Shy-Drager syndrome 461
Obesity 360 Sick sinus syndrome (bradycardia/
Obstructive sleep apnoea 363 tachycardia syndrome) 461
Opiate addiction 368 Sipple’s syndrome (MEN 2a) 463
Opitz-Frias syndrome 370 Sjogren’s syndrome 464
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome 370 Solvent and volatile substance abuse 465
Osteogenesis imperfecta 370 Spinal muscular atrophy 469
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia 470
P Sturge-Weber syndrome 472
Pacemakers 375 Systemic lupus erythematosus 473
Paget’s disease 375
Papillomatosis 356 T
Parkinson’s disease 356 Takaysu’s arteritis 477
Paroxsysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria 380 Tetanus 480
Pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceous 382 Thalassaemia 484
Anaesthesia Databook: a perioperative and peripartum manual
Thalidomide-related deformities and Anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions to
other phocomelias 486 intravenous agents 534
Thyrotoxicosis 487 Angioneurotic oedema 542
Torsade de pointes (atypical ventricular Aortocaval fistula 543
tachycardia) 491 Arrhythmias 545
Tracheobronchomegaly 493
Treacher Collins syndrome 494 B
Tuberous sclerosis 496 Bronchospasm 548
Turner syndrome 497
C
V
Carcinoid syndrome 549
Varicella 499 Cardiac tamponade 551
Vipoma 500 Central anticholinergic syndrome 553
Von Gierke’s disease and type 1b
glycogenolysis 502 D
Von Hippel-Lindau disease 504 Glycine absorption syndrome 555
Von Recklinghausen’s disease 506
Von Willebrand’s disease 506 L
Latex allergy 555
W
Local anaesthetic toxicity 557
viii Wegener’s granulomatosis 510
Werdnig-Hoffman disease 513 M
Williams syndrome 513 Malignant hyperthermia 563
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 516 Masseter muscle rigidity 566
Methaemoglobinaemia 569
Z
Zenker’s diverticulum 520 P
Phaeochromocytoma 572
Pituitary apoplexy 576
Pulmonary oedema 577
SECTION 2
S
Emergency conditions arising
Subdural block,accidental 577
during anaesthesia or in the Suxamethonium apnoea 580
immediate perioperative
T
period
Thyrotoxic crisis or storm 581
Torsade de pointes 584
A Total spinal anaesthesia,accidental 586
Addisonian crisis 523 TURP syndrome 588
Air embolism 525
Amniotic fluid embolism 531 Appendix 594
List of abbreviations
A C4 Fourth component of
ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme complement
AChE Acetylcholinesterase CABG Coronary artery bypass graft
ACLA Anticardiolipin antibody cAMP Cyclical adenosine
ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormone monophosphate
ADH Antidiuretic hormone CAPD Continuous ambulatory peritoneal
AF Atrial fibrillation dialysis
AFE Amniotic fluid embolism ChE Cholinesterase
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency C1EI C1 esterase inhibitor
syndrome CMV Cytomegalic virus
AIP Acute intermittent porphyria CNS Central nervous system
ix
ALA d-Aminolaevulinic acid (synthase) CPAP Continuous positive airway
AMP Adenosine monophosphate pressure
APA Antiphospholipid antibody CPB Cardiopulmonary bypass
APLS Antiphospholipid antibody CK Creatine kinase
syndrome CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
APTT Activated partial thromboplastin CRF Corticotrophin-releasing factor
time CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
APUD Amine precursor uptake and CT Computerised tomography
decarboxylation CVP Central venous pressure
ARDS Adult respiratory distress syndrome CXR Chest X-ray
ASD Atrial septal defect
AV Atrioventricular D
A-V Arteriovenous DDC 3,5-Dicarbethoxy-1,4-
AVP Arginine vasopressin dihydrocolidine
AZT Zidovudine (‘Retrovir’) DDAVP Desmopressin (1-desamino-8-D-
arginine vasopressin)
B DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy
BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage DNA Desoxyribose nucleic acid
BBB Bundle branch block DVI Digital vascular imaging
bd Twice per day DVT Deep venous thrombosis
BG Blood glucose
BMR Basal metabolic rate E
BP Blood pressure EBV Epstein-Barr virus
ECF Extracellular fluid
C ECG Electrocardiogram
C1 First component of complement ECM External cardiac massage
C2 Second component of ECMO Extracorporeal membranous
complement oxygenation