Anacharsis. The Legend and The Apophthegmata

200 Pages·1981·72.752 MB·English, Greek

by  Kindstrand, Jan Fredrik

ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS
Studia Graeca Up saliensis
16

JAN FREDRIK KINDSTRAND
ANA CHARS IS
The Legend and The Apophthegmata
UPPSALA 1981
Distributed by
ALMQVIST & WIKSELL INTERNATIONAL
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
© Jan Fredrik Kindstrand
Published with aid of a grant from
Humanistisk-samhiillsvetenskapliga forskningsddet
ISBN 91-554-1165-7
ISSN 0562-2743
Printed in Sweden by
Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala 1981
Contents
List of Works . XI
1. The Legend . 1
1.1 Introduction . 3
1.1.l Brief Survey of the Sources. 3
1.1.2 Aim of the Present Study . 4
1.2 Anacharsis as a Historical Figure . 6
1.2.1 Greeks and Scythians . 6
1.2.2 Biographical Tradition. 6
1.2.3 Scythian Traits . 11
1.2.4 Historicity . . . . . . 13
1.3 The Legend-Origin and Background 17
1.3.l Preliminary Remarks . . . . . 17
1.3.2 Wise Barbarians . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3 Anacharsis and the Scythian Shamans . 18
1.3.4 Idealization of Barbarians . 23
1.3.5 Anacharsis as a Philhellene . 26
1.3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . 30
1.4 Anacharsis and the Seven Sages 33
1.4.1 Preliminary Remarks . . . 33
1.4.2 Anacharsis' Place in the Catalogue 33
1.4.3 Time and Reason for Anacharsis' Inclusion among the Seven
Sages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.4.4 Anacharsis' Relations with Solon and Myson . . . . 39
1.4.5 Anacharsis and King Croesus . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.4.6 Anacharsis in Plutarch's Septem sapientium convivium 44
1.4.7 Anacharsis and the Sceptics 49
1.5 Anarcharsis as a Moralist . . . 51
1.5.l Introduction . . . . . . . 51
1.5.2 Anacharsis' Moral Teaching 52
1.5.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . 61
1.5.4 Anacharsis as Advocate of a Simple Life . 61
1.5.5 Lucian's Anacharsis . . . . . . . . . . 65
vm Contents
1.6 Anacharsis as an Inventor . . . . 68
1.6.1 Preliminary Remarks .... 68
1.6.2 The Inventions of Anacharsis 68
1.6.3 Criticism. 71
1.6.4 Conclusion . . . . 73
1. 7 Survey and Conclusion 74
1.7.1 Preliminary Remarks 74
1. 7 .2 The Origin . . . . . 74
1. 7 .3 Anacharsis in the Archaic Period 75
1. 7.4 Anacharsis in the Classical Period . 77
1.7.5 Anacharsis in the Hellenistic and Imperial Periods 82
1.8 Anacharsis in Medieval Latin and Modern Literature . 83
1.8.l Sporadic Quotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1.8.2 Jean-Jacques Barthelemy and the Legend of Anacharsis . 85
1.8.3 Anacharsis Cloots . 93
2. The Apophthegmata . . . 97
2.1 Introduction . . . . . 99
2.1.1 Earlier Collections. 99
2.1.2 The Term Apophthegma. 99
2.1.3 The Material . . . . . . 100
2.1.4 Anacharsis and Greek Florilegia. 103
2.1.5 The Text .......... . 106
2.2 Apophthegmata Anacharsidis .. . 107
2.2.1 Anacharsis in Self-Defense (Al-5) . 107
2.2.2 On Human Behaviour (A6-11) 108
2.2.3 On Human Relations (Al2-15) . . 109
2.2.4 On Envy (Al6-19) . . . . . . . 110
2.2.5 On the Use of the Tongue (A20-22) 111
2.2.6 On Wine and Wine-Drinking (A23-32). 113
2.2.7 On Sailing (A33-35) . . . . . . 116
2.2.8 On Athletics (A36-37) . . . . . . 117
2.2.9 On Politics and Society (A38-46) . 118
2.2.10 On Cult, Death, Funeral (A47-49) 120
2.2.11 Sententiae by Ps-Ausonius Attributed to Anacharsis (A50) 121
2.3 Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
2.3.l Anacharsis in Self-Defense (Al-5) . 122
2.3.2 On Human Behaviour (A6-11) 126
2.3.3 On Human Relations (Al2-15) . . 131
Contents IX
2.3.4 On Envy (Al6-19) . . . . . . 133
2.3.5 On the Use of the Tongue (A20-22) . . 136
2.3.6 On Wine and Wine-Drinking (A23-32) . 139
2.3.7 On Sailing (A33-35) . . . . . . 145
2.3.8 On Athletics (A36-37) . . . . . . 146
2.3.9 On Politics and Society (A38-46) . 147
2.3.10 On Cult, Death, Funeral (A47-49) 154
2.3.11 Sententiae by Ps-Ausonius Attributed to Anacharsis (A50) 155
2.4 Two Collections of Apophthegmata Wrongly Attributed to Ana-
charsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
2.4.1 The Anacharsis Apophthegmata in Cod. Ottobon. Gr. 192 . 158
2.4.2 The Anacharsis Apophthegmata in Cod. Pal. Gr. 297. 162
Indices . . . . . 165
Index Fontium 165
Select Index 172
English . 17 2
Greek. . . 175