Table Of ContentAN UPDATE ON SYNOPTIC CATALOGUE OF LAC INSECTS
(HOMOPTERA TACHARDIIDAE
: )1
K. Krishan Sharma andR. Ramani2
Key words: Homoptera, Tachardiidae, lac insects
Members ofthe family Tachardiidae (= Kerriidae) produce lac and certain species are exploited
fortheireconomically importantproductsviz., resin,dyeand wax. An updatedchecklistofworld
species is provided. It includes two subfamilies, nine genera and eighty-seven species. The
systematic list provides name of species, author, year of description, synonym(s) if any, and
country (state/region) of occurrence. Taxa and species are listed in alphabetical order. The
bibliography includes citations ofeach taxa for reference and taxonomic purposes.
Introduction eighty-sevenspecies.Theupdatedsystematiclist
givenhereprovides:nameofspecies,author,year
Lac insects are degenerate scale insects, of description, synonym(s) if any and country
belongingtothefamilyTachardiidaeandarewell (state/region) of their occurrence in that order.
knownfortheircommerciallyimportantproducts A consolidated list of bibliographic references
viz. resin,dyeandwax. Kerr(1782)wasthefirst to all the taxa reported in the checklist has been
tostudyaspeciesoflac insectindetailandnamed provided.
it Coccus lacca which is now known as Kerria
A
lacca (Kerr). separate identity to lac insects Checklist
was given by Oken (1815) who placed them
undergenus Laccifer. The taxonomic aspects of Family: Tachardiidae Green 1896 [Syn.
lac insects, however, remained obscure, till Lacciferidae Cockerell. 1924; Kerriidae
Chamberlin (1923) gave the first description of Lindinger 1937]
lac insects of the world which he later Subfamily: Tachardiinae (Nominate)
supplemented(Chamberlin, 1925).Kapur(1958) [Syn. Lacciferinae Chamberlin 1925].
preparedacatalogueoflac insectsandVarshney Tribe. Austrotachardiini Chamberlin
(1977)describedalltheorientalspeciesindetail. 1925 [Syn. Austrotachardinina Balachowsky
Varshney(1990)alsopublishedabriefcatalogue 1950].
of lac insects, reporting eight genera and 77
species as well as a world list of lac insects I. Austrotachardia Chamberlin 1923.
(Varshney, 1993)inwhichsomeofthetaxahave [Type species: Tachardiaangulata Froggatt].
been mentioned as nomen nudum. Later, Zhang
(1993) described some more species. The list 1. A. acaciae (Maskell 1891). Australia
recentlyupdatedbyVarshney(1997)containsno (Central Australia and New South Wales).
bibliographicreferencestothenewlydiscovered 2. A. angulata(Froggatt 1911).Australia(New
taxaandthespecieswhichwereearlierdescribed SouthWales).
as nomen nudum. Moreover, the list is 3. A. australis (Froggatt 1899). Australia
incomplete, Thus, at present, lac insects are (Queensland).
representedby two subfamilies, nine genera and 4. A. convexa(Fuller 1899).Australia(Western
Australia).
'AcceptedDecember,1997
:DivisionofTransferofTechnology, 5. A. melaleucae (Maskell 1891). Australia
IndianLacResearchInstitute, (New South Wales, Victoria and Western
Namkum,Ranchi834010. Australia).
438 JOURNAL, BOMBAYNATURAL HISTORYSOCIETY, 96(3) DEC 1999
SYNOPTICCATALOGUEOFLACINSECTS
Tribe Tachardiini (Nominate) [Syn. 24. T. nigra Fonseca 1975. Brazil (Sao Paulo).
Lacciferinina Balachowsky 1950] 25. T. ourinhensis Hempel 1937. Brazil.
Subtribe Tachardielii Chamberlin 1925 26. T. pawa (Hempel 1900). Brazil.
[Syn. Tachardiellina Williams 1969]. 27. T. pustulata (Cockerell 1895). U.S.A.
(Arizona and California).
II. Austrotachardiella Chamberlin 1923.
[Typespecies: TachardiarotundataCockerell].
Subtribe Tachardii (Nominate) [Syn.
6. A. bodkini (Newstead 1917). Guyana. Lacciferi Chamberlin 1925].
7. A. cydoniae(Hempel 1900). [Syn. Tachardia
rosae Hempel 1900; Tachardia caerulea IV. KerriaTargioni-Tozzetti 1884.
Hempel 1904]. Brazil. [Syn. Laccifer Oken 1815; Carteria Signoret
1874; Tachardia Blanchard 1886; Lakshadia
8. A. gemrniferra (Cockerell 1893). Jamaica.
9. A. nigra (Townsend & Cockerell 1898). Mahdihassan 1923].
Mexico (Vera Cruz and Jalisco). [Type species: Coccus lacca Kerr],
Subgenus Kerria (Nominate).
10. A. rotundata (Cockerell 1903). Mexico. i.
11. A. rubra (Hempel 1900). Brazil.
28. K. (K.)albizziae(Green 1911). India(Bihar,
12. A. trilobata (Mendes 1936). Brazil.
Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) and Sri
Lanka.
III. Tachardiella (Cockerell 1901).
[Typespecies: TachardiacornutaCockerell]. 29. K. (K.) brancheata Varshney 1966. India
(Bihar).
13. T. argentina(Dominguez 1906). Argentina. 30. K. (K.) chamberlini Varshney 1966. India
14. T. artocarpi (Hempel 1921). Brazil. (Rajasthan).
15. T. condaliae (Leonardi 1911). [Syn. 3la./v. (K.) chinensis chinensis (Mahdihassan
Tachardia cordaliae Leonardi 1911]. 1923). [Syn. Laccifer longispina Misra
Argentina. 1930; Laccifersiamensis Takahashi 1941].
16. T. cornuta (Cockerell 1894). U.S.A. (New Bhutan, China (South China), Cambodia,
Mexico andTexas) andMexico. India (N.E. India), Myanmar (^Burma),
17. T.ferrisi Chamberlin 1923. Mexico. Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam.
18. T. fulgens (Cockerell 1895). U.S.A. 3lb.AT. (K.) chinensiskydia (Misra 1930). India
(Arizona) and Mexico. (Assam).
19. T. glomerella (Cockerell 1905). [Syn. T. 32. K. (K.) communis (Mahdihassan 1923).
glomerella var. baccharidis Chamberlin India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka,
1923]. U.S.A. (California,NewMexicoand Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu).
Texas). 33. K. (K.) ebracheata (Chamberlin 1923).
20. T. ingae (Hempel 1900). Brazil. India (Bihar and Karnataka), and Pakistan.
21. T. larreae(Comstock 1882). [Syn. T. larreae 34a.K. (K.)ficifici (Green 1903). China, India
var. californica Chamberlin 1923]. U.S.A. (Bihar, Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir,
(Arizona, California and Nevada) and Rajasthan,UttarPradeshandWestBengal),
Mexico. Pakistan and Thailand.
22. T. lycii (Leonardi 1911). Argentina. 34b. K. (K.)ficijhansiensis (Misra 1930). India
23. T. mexicana (Comstock 1882). [Syn. (Uttar Pradesh).
Tachardia fulvoradiata Cockerell 1898; 35. K. (K.) indicola (Kapur 1958). [Syn.
Tachardiella texana Chamberlin 1923]. Laccifer indica Misra 1930]. India
U.S.A. (Texas) andMexico. (Bihar).
JOURNAL BOMBAYNATURAL HISTORYSOCIETY. 96(3). DEC. 1999 439
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SYNOPTICCATALOGUEOFLACINSECTS
36a.K. (K.)laccalacca(Kerr1782).[Syns.Coccus 50. M.fukienensisZhang 1993.China(Fukien).
ficus Fabricius 1787; Lakshadia indica 51. M. hunanensisZhang 1993. China(Hunan).
Mahdihassan 1923]. Bangladesh, China, 52. M. myrica Tang 1974. China (Chekiang).
Georgia, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, 53. M. sinensis Zhang 1993. China (Changyan-
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand. Yunnan).
36b.K. (K.) lacca ambigua (Misra 1930). India 54. M. yunnanensis Zhang 1992. China
(Uttar Pradesh). (Changyan-Yunnan)
36c.K. (K.) lacca mysorensis (Mahdihassan
1923). India (Karnataka). Subfamily Tachardininae Chamberlin
36d.K. (K.) lacca takahashii Varshney 1977. 1925. [Syn. Tachardini and Tachardinina of
Thailand. Balachowsky 1950; Type genus: Tachardina
37. K. (K.) mengdingensis Zhang 1993. China Cockerell 1901].
(Yunnan).
38. K. (K.) nagoliensis (Mahdihassan 1923). VI. Afrotachardina Chamberlin 1923.
India (Madhya Pradesh). [Typespecies: Tachardialongisetosa
3493.. K. (K.) nepalensis Varshney 1977. India Newstead].
(Bihar) and Nepal.
40. K. (K.)pusana (Misra 1930). India (Bihar). 55. A. brachysetosa Chamberlin1923. Uganda.
41. K. (K.) ruralis (Wang, Yao, Teui & Liang 56. A. longisetosa (Newstead 1911). Uganda.
1892). China (Yunnan).
42. K. (K.) sharda sp. nov. Mishra and Sushil VII. Albotachardina Zhang 1992a.
2000 [Type species: Albotachardinayunnanensis
.
' K. (K.) sindica (Mahdihassan 1923). Zhang].
Pakistan (Sind).
44. K. (K.)yunnanensisOu&Hong 1990.China 57. A. sinensis Zhang 1992a. China (Yunnan).
(Yunnan). 58. A. yunnanensis Zhang 1992a. China
(Yunnan).
ii. Subgenus Chamberliniella Varshney 1987.
[Syn. Chamberlinia Varshney 1984]. VIII. Paratachardina Balachowsky 1950.
[Type species: TachardiagreeniChamberlin]. [Type species: Carteria decorella Maskell].
45. K. (C.) greeni (Chamberlin 1923). 59. P. capsella Wang 1986. China (Yunnan).
Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand. 60. P. decorella(Masked 1892). Australia(New
46. K. (C.) javana (Chamberlin 1925). South Wales andVictoria).
Indonesia (Java) and Malaysia. 61a.P. lobata (Green 1922). [Syn. Tachardia
47. K. (C.) meridionalis (Chamberlin 1923). minuta Green 1922 (nec Morrison)]. India.
Australia (New South Wales and Victoria). (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil
48. K. (C.) rangoonensis (Chamberlin 1925). Nadu) and Sri Lanka.
India (Assam) and Myanmar. 61b.P. lobatavar. schmidti(Mahdihassan 1946).
India (Karnataka).
61c.P. lobata var. walczuchae (Mahdihassan
V. Metatachardia Chamberlin 1923. 1946). India (Karnataka).
[Type species: Tachardia conchiferata Green]. 62. P. minuta (Morrison 1920). Philippines.
63. P mithilae Varshney 1968. India
49. M. conchiferata (Green 1922). Sri Lanka. (Meghalaya).
440 JOURNAL, BOMBAYNATURAL HISTORYSOCIETY, 96(3) DEC. 1999
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SYNOPTICCATALOGUEOFLACINSECTS
64. P. morobensis sp. nov. New Papua Guinea. (1990 and 1993) has cast doubt over its
65. P. silvestrii (Mahdihassan 1923). India taxonomical placing.
(Karnataka). 73. T. bernardi Balachowsky 1950. ‘Central
66. P. ternata (Chamberlin 1923). India Sahara’ [Algeria].
(Kerala). 74. T. brachystegiaeHall 1935. Zimbabwe.
67. P. theae(Green&Mann 1907).India(Sikkim 75. T. diclipterae Hall 1935. Zimbabwe.
andWestBengal) andTaiwan. 76. T. gripha Munting 1966. South Africa.
77. T. karroo(Brain 1920).SouthAfrica(Cape).
IX. Tachardina (Cockerell 1901). 78. T. leredei Balachowsky 1950. ‘Central
[Typespecies: TachardiaalbidaCockerell]. Sahara’ [Algeria].
79. T. minor(Brain 1920). SouthAfrica(Cape).
&
68. T. actinella (Cockerell King 1901). [Syn. 80. T. oligopora Munting 1966. South Africa.
Tachardina digitata Munting 1965]. 81. T. perplexa Munting 1973. South Africa.
Mozambique (?), South Africa and 82. T. protrudens Munting 1965. South Africa.
Zimbabwe. 83. T. psiadiae Mamet 1953. Madagascar.
69a.T. affluens (Brain 1920). Saudi Arabia and 84. T. recurva Munting 1973. South Africa
South Africa. (Cape).
69b.T. affluens var. coagulata Hall 1935. South 85. T. sclerosa Munting 1965. South Africa.
Africa (Transvaal). 86. T. spinosa Munting 1966. South Africa.
69c.T. affluens var. natalensis Hall 1935. South 87. T. tismbazazae Mamet 1953. Madagascar.
Africa (Natal).
70. T. africana Hall 1935. Mozambique (?), Acknowledgements
South Africa andZimbabwe.
71. T. albida(Cockerell 1901)SouthAfricaand We thank the Director, ILRI for
Zimbabwe. encouragementandDr. R.K. Varshney, thethen
72. T. aurantiaca (Cockerell 1903). Indonesia Additional Director, Zoological Survey ofIndia
(Java), Singapore and Thailand. Varshney for going through the list ofspecies.
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