An Investigation of Thermal and Live Load Stresses in Denny Creek Viaduct

298 Pages·2007·5.57 MB·English

Denny Creek
Bridge Stress Investigation

WA-RD 58.4

Final

June 1983

Washington State Department of Transportation
WIM ‘avec tenrnratonetinoctaes
eee

United States Department of Transportation
Federal Highwey Administration
| INVESTESATION or THERMAL aK LIVE LORY STRESSES 18 June, 1383
NY CRECKC VERDUTT Caner ea
ReiT 4. Hawkins ame debn Fk. Clark 63-1080
| ee 7 To RTs
Departnent of Civil Engineee!ng
iversity of Sashington, M20 Ta
Seatele, HA Ua!%s ¥-2196, !

ino?

luashingter. Stote Jepartmut of Transportation Setaber 1980-June 1988
IWighway Adainestratior. Bui] d® ng .
Olympia, HA 93508 1a RAT ~

Study conducted in cooseration with U.S, Department of Transportation, Fadere}
IRsahway dn nts tration

The soan by spay, siace constructed, prestresset concrite: box girder beidge, known
25 the Denny Creck Viaduct, was instrunented during construction with Carlson rones
This rerert descrites infureation on Tana term cree: aed shrinkase strains, and on
Vive Yoad ond thermal serains collected using Lhase gages in a two-year period start:
ing axproxinately two years after completion ef the bricre. Relevant. literature an
creep ond shrinkage deformation predtetions, tive toad ssrass predictions, and ther
mai load predictions for slage constructed bridges If Yev'emed. Tne unedi ctions “iF
accepted state-of-the-art nracedures are compared witn the strains and Eeroavatures
Tecorded by the Car?son canes. Siarificant temporaLure gradient strains, onused Dy
diurnal teapzreture changes, are reported. & procedure Ts developed for ‘predictire
those tenperature—induced strains basad on environmental and neterial araperty para
| moters and desian scenarios recommended for critical tereroture events. whe stare
| constructed ercss-section responded £0 live Toads similarly to a horanenecus section.

However, tension strains sti11 oxisted tn reglons were compression strains Were cre.
dicted as 0 result of creep ond sarinkace effects

Bricges, 20x ginders. Tive load stress, 1
ternal stress, cree, shrinkore

337

unclassified
L
AN INVESTIGATION OF

THERMAL AND LIVE LOAD STRESSES

IN OLNWY cCHEES VEADUCT

by
HeiT M. Kawkins and John Il. Clark

A report to the Washington State Deoartment of Transsortation
on Contract No, Y-2198

The contents of this renort reflect the views of the authors, wha are
Fesuonsible for the facts and the accuracy af the data preseiited herein.
The contents do vot necassarily reflect the off'cial views or oolicles
of ‘the Washington State Transportation Canmission, Departrent of Trans
portation, or the “ederal Highway Administration.” This wenart doesnot
constitute o standard, specif teation, oF regulation.

Separtrent of Civil Cagineering
Univers izy of Washinoton
Seattle, Washiegtan 98155

April 1983
ZABLE OF CORZENTS,

Page
List of Tables. bee y
List of Figures. sete see
SUMMARY ANE. RECONMENERAT (ONS, sees 1
2. INTRODUCTECR. 8
Lets Description of the Structure. 18

1.2, [ssues in the Design of Stage Cons:ructed
Concrete fn Girders. 15
E22, Load Distribution and Star Lageeseeseeee 15
147.2, Greep and Sheinkaye Strwes Recistr lout in 16
1.2.2. Themal Effects. bese ou
Objectives... 18
Scape. vee 19
1S. Strain Measuring Devices. bees 20
LITERATURE REVIER. 2
2.8. Creep and Shrinkageseses 2
2.2 Anelytical Methods fer Design of Har Girders.. - 8
3, Analytical Yetlids for Slab Des-yn 2
2.4. Therwa™ Stresseseceeey 36
CREEP AKO SHRINKAGE STUDIES. seteeeeeee a
2:1, CIL Observations, Findtrys and Recommendations... oo
42. Extended Straia Kistor tess teste a
3.3 Expansion Joins Havement see 8
3-4. Creep ant Shrinkage Dots... see oF
3.3. Comarison of Predicted and Measured CTL Strains fa

368. Concluding Renaris:
IND STUDIES.

4sL. test Procedures.

A.1-1, Cantilever Stab Deflections st Cepansion Joint.

4.1.2. Center Span Leaging.

Ai2. Gale ated beflecttons gad Strains ses

A.21. Cantilever Slabseaee

4.2.2. Center Suan...

4.2, Discussion of Resutls.«

ALKA, Deflection

4.5.2. Strains and Temoeratures.

4-4. ConcTudiny Rerarks...

THFRHAL STRESS STUDIES

Sele General Remarks.

2. bala Base.

9.3. eather Data.

5.4. Heat Mow Suudins..

5.4.1. Governing Equations.

5e4.P, Closed For Solutians.see

Deed, Buundary Cannitions Far Benny Crees Viaduct.

5.4.4. Murertcal Setutions.

5.4.5. Tharaal Properties of fnncrete.

5.4.6, ResuTzs of Hest Flaw Studies.s..

5.5. Calculation of Thermal Stresses tar a
Given Temperature Diskribut fone...

RESEARCH NETHIDOLAEY..

fet. Rackgraund..
6.3. Cantor.
G4, Cperationa] GIFFiCUTEIES. 0c. ccee cesses

6.8. Concluding Remarks,

REFERENCES...

APPENDIX. A

APPENDIX. B.
APPEIDIX C.

APPLNDEX D,

APPEROIR E.

APPENOLE

Construction Chronology.

Strain distary Data.

Expangton deint Data,

Laboratory Creep and Shriokace ata
‘and Mix Design Data.

Observations, Findings and Recommendations
of CTL Renord... eineesseeveten

Calovlation of the Differential Temperature Stresses
by Priestley"s Procedure and CTt Procedure. «

ca
bale

LEST OF TABLES

Page
Fovenatage of 609 Day Specific Creep Devuluped
ins the Pliest rnd: Dayee.: w 45
Cateutation uf Faisting Stress Levels in the
Denny Greek Viaduct, Section A Near Pier 5. te 5L
Galoulation of Exist‘ng Suress Lovels in the
Denny Creek Viaduct, Section B at 1/4 Pointe-..sese. EA
Calculation of Existing Stress Levels in the Denny:
Creek Yiaduet, Section ¢ at CenterTine of Span dey.» 93
Calculation of Exfsting Stress Levels in the
Denny Creek Viaduct, Daseription of Enerics
in Tables 3.2, 2.3," and 3.4 oa
Modulus of Elasticity ksi) a
Concrete Mix festgns.. 3
Change 1m Strain Retucen Events 9 and 9. 8S
Truck Neignts and Dinensions.. a]
Cantilever Slab Def tect ionse ess seeseeeneereeve 89
Live Load Test. Strains at carlson Gages 36
“ive Load Test Carlson Gage Teuperstures..cescecseeecsesceee OP
Effect of Miffusivily on Amplitude Ratio and Tine LaGesseeeesy 120
Donny Creek Viaduct.
Plan anil Elevation, Menny Crosk Viaduct ss
Steue Construction of Cross-Section and Section Dimensions
Span by Span Constructions.

Location of Instrunented Secttons..+.

Influunce Surface for Nonents at Root of Cantilever...
Reference Sketch for Locatiun af Design Points.

| ive Load Moment CnveTopes for Slab Design.

on Ha,

LIST OF FIGURES

Longitudinal Distribution af @ Concentrated iheet Locd

for Cantilever Slabs of Differing Forms {Zyl T)essee

Form of Thermal tiracti

Stage (1 Cracking end Prestress for Spans § and 6.

nt Recemended by Priestley (2.29)

Conparison of Measured and predicted

Strains, Event No. 77, 9 August 1962.

Carlson Gage Strains, Suction A, Gages 3, 4, 5.

Carlson
Carlson
carson
carton
Carlson
arisen
Cartson
carlson

Cartsen

- farison

Gage
Sage
Gaye
bege
tage
Gaye
age
Gage
Gage

cage

Strains,
streins,
Strains,
Strains,
Streims,
strsins,
Strains,
Strains,
Stravus,

suraing,

Section
Seetton
Section
section
section
Sect tan
Section
section

Section

A
ry
8.
fy
fy

. Gages 1 7. 8.4, 10...

Gages 1.7, 8, 9, 1000.
B0005 2 Bees
Gages 11, 12. 13, 14
Gages 3, 4, Beseeeeees

fages 1,7, 8, 9 10.

rages 2, 6:
Gones a1, 12, 23, 16
Gages 3,4, 6

Gages 2, 6.

vi
Earlson Gage Strvins, Section C, Gages 1, 12, 13, 16

carlsan Gage Strains, SecLion A, Gages 4, 4, 5,

Carlson Gage Strains, Section B, Gages

Carton Gage Strains, Section ¢, Gages

Expansion Bearing Debails-sesrveese

Expansion Searing Movement at Abutment 1
forrected to 13°F.

Capanston Searing Mavenents, duty, August 1982

Tine Development ot Shrinkage (112 Date).

‘Tine Development of Creep (CIL Outs) Stage

Mine Ceve“upment of Crees (CTL Data) Stoge IT.

Time Nevetopment of Creep {CTL ata) Stage 111.,

Time Devel apnect uf Creep {CTL Date}
formal ized to Loading at 26 Days.

Time Oevelopmert uf Concrete Strength (CTL & WSDUT Data)

Live Lond Placement, Transverse.

Longitudinal Placenent of Trucks at Expansion Jeint .

CantiTover Sleb Loading, Transverse Placement
Of Trucks for Asymmetrical Maacings»

Cantiteser Slab Loading, Transverse Placenent
of Trucks for Symmetrical Loading

Sel-up for Typtcal Gage Reeding at Expansion Joint vey.

Relattve Slab Deflectians Acrass Expansion Jotul, Span

Hive Loading st Center af Span 4

Live Load Test Strains, Section fi near Per 5, Micrastrain..

Live Luad Test Strains, Section © near Midspan, Microstrain.

Ain Temperacares, 6 August 1200 tn 10 August 2400. 1967

eviations of Oatly Maxieuns from 2-Day Running tean
Air Termeratures, 1980. os i

vii
270,

Deviation of DaiTy Minimum from 7-Day Running Mean
Air Temperatures, 2360. +... :

Deviation of Maximum Daity Air Terneroture
from Z-Day Running Meak, 1981..creses veces

Devtagior of Hvimae Daily fir Terperoture
From 2-Day Running Hean, 2981,

hewiation of Waximun Daily Air Tewnerature
from Z-nay Ruining Bean, 1982.

Jertagion of Minimum 204 ly, Ar Tenperatore
‘From 2-Day Running Fear, 1982...

Stampede Pass Mean an Extrene Tonperatures,
Perfod 243-1981, Siceaerersetean

Sections far lerperature Distribution Calelations,

Sau with Radiative Heat Ingut.

Theoretical Solar Radiation for Cecember 71...

Theoretical Solar Raglation for duly 15...

Thwaretical Solar Radiation for Auquse 5
Roundory Conditions tor sleat Frow Analysis, 2-/ August. 1962

Uamporison of Measured and Predicted concrete
Femperatures for 3-7 August. TH2...

Geometric Terns fer Calculation of Stresses
Due W Non-Linear Tenperature Tistrihution,..

Teaperature ‘listributions for Bxcreme
Positive Difforential Temeratare Event.

Therma? Stresses Predicted for Extreme Posttive
Birfesocia) “armersture Eyent by Prestiey's
Procedure, Eigenstresses Only, .

Thermal Stresses Predictee for Extreme Pusitive
Preferencial Twopevature Event by Priest's
Procedure, esullant Stresses, -

Thermal Stresses Prodicted for Extrene Posi tive
iferentia: Taaperature Event hy GTL's Procecire,
Eigenstresses Only... ++ nae :

Therma} Stresses rodicted for Extreme Positive
BirTereretg) “erperature Fvent by CT's Procedure,
Resultant. Stressessvscse ores see ce :

no

um

a

uz

4G

mn

we

342