An investigation of the feasibility of recycling deicing materials at Munich airport

239 Pages·2017·5.75 MB·English

Loughborough University
Institutional Repository
An investigation of the
feasibility of recycling
deicing materials at Munich
airport
ThisitemwassubmittedtoLoughboroughUniversity’sInstitutionalRepository
by the/an author.
Additional Information:
• AMaster’sThesis. Submittedinpartialfulfilmentoftherequirementsfor
the award of Master of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Metadata Record: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10686
Publisher: Alexander Hoffmann
Please cite the published version.
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AN INVESTIGATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF RECYCLING
DEICING MATERIALS AT MUNICH AIRPORT
by
ALEXANDER HOFFMANN
A MASTER'S THESIS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY OF
LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY
©by Alexander Hoffmann 1998
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Abstract
The growing public awareness and sensitiveness towards environmental
protection increases significantly the pressure upon the a1r transport
industry to implement regulatory measures for the operation of both
airports and aircraft. With regard to the feasibility of recycling deicing
materials and the requirement to achieve compatibility between a deicing
concept and a fluid recycling concept, many airports are isolated with
insufficient guidelines for developing an appropriate decision making
process. Regretably at present only informations exists, which deals with
the dedicated issues and problems concerning a1rcraft deicmg, airport
deicing and the disposal of fluids. Also, diffenng international and national
regulations concerning environmental protection have impeded the
development of generic strategies. As Mun1ch International Airport has
Implemented a specialized concept of aircraft/airport deicing and fluid
recycling with the opening of the airport m 1992, the decision to investigate
its operational, environmental and economic performance in this thesis was
simple and obvious. However, aircraft/airport deicing is an international
issue, which affects many airport and airlines around the world.
Consequently, a generic strategy would be of general interest. Although the
Munich case is the basis for this thesis,. i.n ternational operational aspects
and environmental issues are also discussed with a view to drawing
conclusions for the establishment of a genenc strategy.
The major conclusions concern the need to improve existing environmental
legislation and to harmonize these legislative measures in order to achieve
a general applicable international standard worldwide. There is no perfect
alternative- no one solution to fit every size of airport. Differing
international environmental regulations and. sta.n dards concerning fluid
.
disposal and environmental impact demand diversified investigations which
subsequently may lead to totally different solutions for an individual airport
operator. The recommendations and suggested generic strategies
contained in this thesis are only to be seen as a guideline for any decision
making process an airport operator may suddenly be confronted with.
L------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -
In memorial to my father Dr. Max Hoffmann who continuously
encouraged me over many years to undertake and complete my
studies at Loughborough University.
To my dear wife Annette for her pat1ent and caring support and
understanding.
Page
Abstract
Contents
Preface: -List Of Figures i i
-List Of Tables i i i
Note 1
Rationale For The Study 2
Chapter 1: The Need For Deicing Aircraft And Its 6
Consequences
- Ground deicing/anti-icmg operations at airports 10
- Conditions under wh1ch icing occurs 11
- The airports snow and ice plan - the 17
predictability/forecasting of 1cing conditions
- Relative pollution strength of deleing 20
chemicals
- Effects on the environment 21
- Runway glycol contamination 24
- History of deicing methods 27
- History of aircraft de-/anti-icing fluids 30
Chapter 2: (Methods Of Aircraft Deicing 32
- Centralized deicing facilities 33
- Current operating procedures and practices 38
- methods of fluid application on aircraft 40
surfaces
- Anti-icing treatment after aircraft arrival at 42
the gate
- Operational requirements 43
- Health and safety issues 44
- Technologies available 46
Chapter 3: Impact Of Deicing Activities On The 51
Environment
- Environmental effects of ground deicing and 51
relative pollution strength
- The fate of aircraft deicing fluid after 57
application
- Sources and pathways for entering the 59
environment
- Impact of urea 63
- Impact of tarmac deicing activities 67
- Consumption of tarmac deicing fluids 69
Chapter 4: Potentials For Reducing Degree Of 72
Environmental Impact
- Chemical usage minimization strategies 74
- Reduction of application rates 75
- Reduction of operational rates 77
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