An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies

39 Pages·2007·0.2 MB·English

An Introductory Dictionary of
Theology and Religious Studies

An Introductory
Dictionary of Theology and
Religious Studies
Edited by
Orlando O. Espín and James B. Nickoloff
A Michael Glazier Book
LITURGICAL PRESS
Collegeville, Minnesota
www.litpress.org
A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press.
Cover design by David Manahan, o.s.b. Cover symbol by Frank Kacmarcik, obl.s.b.
© 2007 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part
of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical
recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for
any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission
of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, P.O. Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500.
Printed in the United States of America.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies / edited by
Orlando O. Espín and James B. Nickoloff.
p. cm.
“A Michael Glazier book.”
ISBN-13: 978-0-8146-5856-7 (alk. paper)
1. Religion—Dictionaries. 2. Religions—Dictionaries. I. Espín, Orlando O.
II. Nickoloff, James B.
BL31.I68 2007
200.3—dc22
2007030890
We dedicate this dictionary to Ricardo and Robert,
for their constant support over many years.

Contents
List of Entries ix
Introduction and Acknowledgments xxxi
Entries 1
Contributors 1519
vii

List of Entries
AARON “AD LIMINA” VISITS ALBIGENSIANS
ABBA ADONAI ALBRIGHT, WILLIAM FOXWELL
ABBASIDS ADOPTIONISM ALCUIN
ABBEY ADORATION ALEGRE, FRANCISCO XAVIER
ABBOT/ABBESS ADULTERY ALEXANDER OF ALEXANDRIA
ABE, MASAO ADVAITA ALEXANDER OF HALES
ABELARD, PETER ADVAITA VEDANTA ALEXANDER THE GREAT
ABHIDHARMA/ABHIDHAMMA ADVENT ALEXANDRIAN THEOLOGY
PITAKA
ADVENTISTS AL-FATIHAH
ABHISHEKA
AESTHETICS AL-GHAZALI
ABHISHIKTANANDA, SWAMI
AETERNI PATRIS AL-HALLAJ
ABJURATION
AETIOLOGY/ETIOLOGY ALI
ABORTION
AFRICAN AMERICAN ALIYAH
ABRAHAM
THEOLOGY ALLAH (ISLAM)
ABRAHAM OF ECCHEL
(OR OF HEKEL) AFRICAN CHRISTIANITY ALLEGORY (MEDIEVAL)
ABSOLUTE AFRICAN THEOLOGIES ALLEGORY IN JUDAISM
ABSOLUTION AFRICAN TRADITIONAL ALLELUIA
RELIGIONS (IN CHRISTIANITY)
ABSTINENCE
AFRO-LATIN RELIGIONS ALLELUIA IN JUDAISM
ABU BAKR
ABUNA AGAPE¯ AL-MATURIDI
ACCIDENT AGGADAH ALONSO-SCHOEKEL, LUIS
ACOLYTE AGGIORNAMENTO ALPHONSUS LIGUORI
ACTA APOSTOLICAE SEDIS AGNI AL-qAEDA
ACTA SANCTORUM AGNOSTICISM ALTAR
ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AGRICOLA, JOHANN ALTHUSSER, LOUIS PIERRE
ADAM (AS PROPHET OF ISLAM) AHIMSA ALTIZER, THOMAS, J. J.
ADAM, KARL AHL AL-KITAB (“PEOPLE OF ALUMBRADOS/ILUMINATI
THE BOOK”) ALVES, RUBEM
ADAM/EVE (IN CHRISTIAN
TRADITION) AHMADIYYA AMALADOSS, MICHAEL
ADAM/EVE (IN THE BOOK OF AHRIMAN AMATERASU
GENESIS) AHURA MAZDA AMBROSE OF MILAN
ADAM’S SIN AL-ASH<ARI/ASH<ARISM AMBROSIAN RITE
ADDAI ALAYA VIJNANA AMBROSIASTER
AD GENTES ALBERT THE GREAT AMERICANISM
ix
x LIST OF ENTRIES
AMITABHA/AMIDA APOLLINARIANISM ASBURY, FRANCIS
AMRAM BEN SHESHA HAGAON APOLLINARIS OF LAODICEA ASCENSION
AMULET APOLOGETICS ASCETICAL THEOLOGY
ANABAPTISTS (PATRISTIC PERIOD) ASCETICISM/ASCETIC
ANALECTS APOLOGISTS ASHARIYYAH (TWELVERS)
ANALOGIA ENTIS APOPHATIC THEOLOGY ASHKENAZIM
(ANALOGY OF BEING) APOPHTHEGM ASHRAM
ANALOGIA FIDEI APOSTASY ASHRAMA (LIFE STAGES)
(ANALOGY OF FAITH) APOSTLE ASHRAMA/ASHRAM
ANALOGICAL IMAGINATION APOSTLES’ CREED ASH WEDNESDAY
ANAMNESIS APOSTOLIC ASIAN (CHRISTIAN)
ANAPHORA APOSTOLICAM ACTUOSITATEM THEOLOGIES
ANATHEMA APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTION ASOKA/ASHOKA
ANATMAN DOCTRINE APOSTOLIC EXHORTATION ASPERGES
ANAWIM (POOR OF YAHWEH) APOSTOLIC FATHERS ASSEMANI
ANCESTORS, CHINESE APOSTOLICITY ASSEMBLIES OF GOD
ANCHORITES APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION ASSMANN, HUGO
ANCIENT CHURCHES OF THE APPARITIONS ASSUMPTION OF MARY
EAST
AqUINAS, THOMAS, ST. ASTARTE
ANDEAN/AYMARA/qUECHUA
AqUINO, MARÍA PILAR ASTROLOGY
TRADITIONAL RELIGION
ARAHANT ASURA
ANDREW OF ST. VICTOR
ARAMAIC ATATÜRK, MUSTAFA KEMAL
ANGEL
ARAMAIC MATTHEW ATHANASIAN CREED
ANGLICAN COMMUNION
ARBA<AH TURIM ATHANASIUS, PATRIARCH OF
ANGLICAN ORDERS,
ALEXANDRIA
CONTROVERSY OVER ARCHBISHOP
ATHARVA VEDA
ANGRA MAINYU ARCHDIOCESE
ATHEISM
ANICCA/ANICCHA ARCHIMANDRITE
ATHENAGORAS
ANIMISM AREOPAGUS
ATMAN
ANITYA ARIANISM
ATONEMENT, CHRISTIAN
ANKH ARISTOTELIANISM
ATONEMENT, HEBREW
ANNULMENT ARISTOTLE
ATTRITION
ANNUNCIATION ARIUS
AUGSBURG CONFESSION
ANOINTING OF THE SICK, ARJUNA
AUGUSTINE OF CANTERBURY
SACRAMENT OF ARK OF NOAH
AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
ANONYMOUS CHRISTIANITY ARK OF THE COVENANT
AUGUSTINIANISM
ANSELM OF CANTERBURY ARMENIAN CATHOLIC
AUROBINDO, SRI
ANTHROPOLOGY, CHURCH
THEOLOGICAL ARMINIANISM AUTHORITY
ANTHROPOMORPHISM ARMINIUS, JACOB AUTOCEPHALOUS CHURCHES
ANTICHRIST ARNAULD, ANGÉLIqUE AND AUTO DE FE
ANTINOMIANISM ANTOINE AUTO SACRAMENTAL
ANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY ARNOBIUS OF SICCA AVALOKITESHVARA
ANTIPOPE ARON HAKODESH AVATARA/AVATAR
ANTI-SEMITISM ART, LITURGICAL AVERROES
ANTONY OF EGYPT ARTHA AVERROISM
APOCALYPSE ARTICLES OF FAITH AVESTA
APOCATASTASIS ARYAN AVICENNA
APOCRISIARIOS ARYA SAMAJ AVIGNON (PAPACY AT)
APOCRYPHA ASANGA AVOT