An Introduction to Statistics: An Active Learning Approach, 2nd Edition

894 Pages·2017·43.07 MB·English

by  Kieth A. Carlson

An Introduction to Statistics
Second Edition

An Introduction to Statistics
An Active Learning Approach
Second Edition
Kieth A. Carlson
Valparaiso University
Jennifer R. Winquist
Valparaiso University
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Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names:
Carlson, Kieth A., author. | Winquist, Jennifer R., author.
Title: Introduction to statistics : an active learning approach / Kieth A. Carlson & Jennifer R.Winquist,
Valparaiso University.
Description: Second edition. | Los Angeles : SAGE, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016039108 | ISBN 9781483378732 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Social sciences
—Statistical methods. | Statistics.
Classification: LCC HA29 .C288 2018 | DDC 519.5—dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016039108
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Contents
Preface
About the Authors
Chapter 1. Introduction to Statistics and Frequency Distributions
Chapter 2. Central Tendency
Chapter 3. Variability
Chapter 4. z Scores
Chapter 5. The Distribution of Sample Means and z for a Sample Mean
Chapter 6. Hypothesis Testing With z Scores
Chapter 7. Single-Sample t Test
Chapter 8. Estimation With Confidence Intervals
Chapter 9. Related Samples t Test
Chapter 10. Independent Samples t Test
Chapter 11. One-way Independent Samples ANOVA
Chapter 12. Two-Factor ANOVA or Two-Way ANOVA
Chapter 13. Correlation and Regression
Chapter 14. Goodness-of-Fit and Independence Chi-Square Statistics
Appendices
Index
Detailed Contents
Preface
About the Authors
1 Introduction to Statistics and Frequency Distributions
How to Be Successful in This Course
Math Skills Required in This Course
Why Do You Have to Take Statistics?
Statistics and the Helping Professions
Hypothesis Testing, Effect Size, and Confidence Intervals
Testing Causal Hypotheses
Populations and Samples
Independent and Dependent Variables
Scales of Measurement
Discrete Versus Continuous Variables
Graphing Data
Shapes of Distributions
Frequency Distribution Tables
SPSS
Overview of the Activity
Activity 1.1: Frequency Distributions
Chapter 1 Practice Test
2 Central Tendency
Central Tendency
Computing the Mean
Find the Median
Find the Mode
SPSS
Overview of the Activity
Activity 2.1: Central Tendency
Chapter 2 Practice Test
3 Variability
Population Variability
Steps in Computing a Population’s Standard Deviation
Step 1: Compute the Deviation Scores (X − µ)
Step 2: Square the Deviation Scores (X − µ)2
Step 3: Compute the Sum of the Squared Deviation Scores, SS =