An examination of the shrimp family Callianideidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea)

45 Pages·1991·17.9 MB·English

PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH.
104(3), 1991, pp. 493-537
AN EXAMINATION OF THE SHRIMP
FAMILY CALLIANIDEIDAE
(CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: THALASSINIDEA)
Brian Kensley and Richard W. Heard
Abstract.—One striking character was found to unite the members of the
family CaUianideidae, viz. the presence ofrows ofplumose setae, each seta
sited in a pit, these rows being found on the carapace, abdominal pleura, and
propodi of pereopods 2—4. Several new taxa are described: Crosniera, new
genus (for Callianassa minima Rathbun, 1901); Michelea, newgenus (for Cal-
&
lianidea vandoverae Gore, 1987, Callianidea leura Poore Griffin, 1979, Cal-
lianidealepta Sakai, 1987,plusthenewspeciesM.pillsburyiandM. lamellosa);
Mictaxius, new genus (with the new species M. thalassicola); Marcusiaxius
lemoscastroiRodrigues&Carvalho, 1972, isredescribed, alongwithM. colpos,
newspecies,whilesixspeciesofMeticonaxiusarediscussed,withMeticonaxius
bouvieri, new species described. A cladistic analysis of 11 taxa suggested that,
within the CaUianideidae, pleopodal respiratory filaments arose twice, thatthe
linea thalassinica and the dentate ischial crest ofmaxilliped 3 have twice been
lost, and that the Thomassinia-Crosniera-Mictaxius group ofgenera are most
closely related to the Callianassidae.
Inthe continuingeffortto bringclarityto species of each described; the genus Tho-
the systematics ofthe thalassinidean deca- massinia isexamined, alongwiththe seem-
pods, individualgeneraandfamiliesarebe- ingly closely-related Callianassa' minima
'
ing examined in detail (e.g., Kensley 1989, and the new genus Mictaxius.
Kensley & Heard 1990). Morphological Forcomparativepurposes, material ofthe
charactersinparticulararebeingreassessed, Pacific Callianidea typa H. Milne Edwards,
inanattempttoestabhshrelationships.With 1837, was examinedfrom BikiniAtoll, Sai-
this objective in view, the western Atlantic pan, Guam, andTahiti, aswastheholotype
members of the CaUianideidae possessing oi Callianidea lepta Sakai, 1987, from Ja-
accessory respiratory filaments ofthe pleo- pan (USNM 231419).
pods were examined, but it became appar- Common to all these forms is the pres-
entthat several thalassinidean species lack- ence ofshort plumose setae, each seta sited
ing these filaments should also be included in a pit-like structire, these pits usually ar-
inthisgroup; thereviewwasthusexpanded ranged in tight rows. From hereon referred
beyond the western Atlantic. Ofthe group to, for the sake ofbrevity, as 'setal rows,'
possessingrespiratoryfilamentsonthepleo- these rows are found on the anterolateral
pods, the genus Callianidea is diagnosed, carapace, on the pleural region ofeach ab-
a new genus Michelea created to accom- dominal somite, and on the propodi ofper-
modateCallianidea vandoverae, twoPacific eopods 2-4 (Fig. 1). Amongst the calliani-
species, and two new species. In the group deid genera, the arrangement and siting of
lacking pleopodal filaments, the species of these setal rows fall into three patterns, il-
the genera Meticonaxius and Marcusiaxius lustrated in Fig. 2.
are reviewed or redescribed, and one new Thenumberandpositionofexopods and
494 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON
R
Fig. 1. SEM micrographs ofMarcusiaxius colpos: A, Setal row from pleuron 2, 350x; B, Setal row from
propodusofpereopod 3, 150x; C, Setalrow frompropodusofpereopod 3, 250x.
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104, 3 495
Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation ofthree patterns ofsetal row distribution on carapace and abdomen
(above)and propodi ofpereopods 2-4 (below): A, Callianidea (pattern 0); B, Crosniera (pattern 1); C, Marcu-
siaxius (pattern 2).
496 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON
Table I.—Distributionofexopods, epipods, andgills.
Maxillipeds Pereopods
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5
A. Callianidealaevicauda
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 1
—
Epipod —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —
Podobranch
— — —
Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2
- - - - - - - -
Pleurobranch
B. Crosniera minima
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 1
—
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch r r r r
— — —
Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2
- - - - - - - -
Pleurobranch
C. Marcusiaxiuscolpos
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 r —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch 1 1 1 1
— — —
Arthrobranch - - 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 -
Pleurobranch 1 1 1
D. Marcusiaxiuslemoscastroi
— — — — — —
Exopod 1 1 —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch 1 1 1 1
Arthrobranch -— -— 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 -—
Pleurobranch 1 1 1
E. Meticonaxiusbouvieri
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 r —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch — — 1 1 1 1 —
Arthrobranch - - 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 -
Pleurobranch 1 1 1
F. Meticonaxiuslongispina
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 r —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch r r r r
— — —
Arthrobranch - - 1 -+ r -2 2 2 2 -
Pleurobranch 1 1 1
G. Meticonaxius microps
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 r
—
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
AProtdhorborbarnacnhch -— -— 1 -+1r -21 -21 -21 -2 —-
Pleiirobranch
H. Meticonaxius monodon
— — — — —
Exopod 1 1 r —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch — — 1 1 1 1 —
Arthrobranch — — 1 —+ r —2 2 2 2 —
Pleurobranch 1 1 1
,
VOLUME 104, NUMBER3 497
Table 1.—Continued.
Maxillipeds Pereopods
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5
I. Michelealamellosa
- - - - -
Exopod 1 r 1 — — — — —
Epipod —1 —1 —1 — — — — —
Podobranch
Arthrobranch — — r + r r + r r + r r + r r —
- - - - - - — -
Pleurobranch
J. Micheleapillsburyi
— — — — -
Exopod 1 r 1 —
Epipod —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —1 —
Podobranch
— — —
Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2
- - - - — — — —
Pleurobranch
K. Michelea vandoverae
- - - - -
Exopod 1 1 1 —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 1 1 —1 —
Podobranch r r r r
— — —
Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2
- - - - - - —
Pleurobranch r
L. Mictaxiusthalassicola
— — - - -
Exopod 1 1 r —
Epipod —1 —1 1 1 I 1 —r —
Podobranch r r r r
— — —
Arthrobranch 2 2 2 2 2
— — — — — — — —
Pleurobranch
gillsforeachspecies(whereverpossible)are Callianideinae De Man, 1928:30.—Melin,
presentedinTable 1. Inthesetables, 'r' im- 1939:4.-Balss, 1957:1582.-de Saint
plies rudimentary or reduced. Laurent, 1973:515.—Sakai & Holthuis,
Abbreviations: BLM = Bureau of Land 1987:94.—International Commission on
Management; MAFLA = Mississippi-Ala- Zoological Nomenclature, 1989:61.
bama-Florida BLM Program; MCZ = Mu- —
Diagnosis. Gonochoristic. Carapace
seum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
University; RMNH = Rijksmuseum van somewhatcompressed; rostrum shortorre-
Natuurlijke Historic, Amsterdam; SAM = duced, lacking spines or teeth, or with few
USNM lowteeth; cervicalgroovewelldevelopedto
SouthAfricanMuseum,CapeTown;
= National Museum of Natural History, obsolete; linea thalassinica complete (i.e.,
reaching posterior margin ofcarapace), in-
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.;
ZMC = Zoological Museum, University of complete, or lacking; anterior region bear-
Copenhagen; ovig. = ovigerous. ing 1 to 4 rowsofspecialized setae and pits.
Abdominal pleura, especially of somite 1
In the following systematic section, gen-
poorlydeveloped,withorlackinglateralan-
era, and specieswithin genera, are arranged
terodorsallobeforarticulation-lockingwith
alphabetically.
posterior carapace; 1 or more rows ofsetal
pits present on abdominal somites. Sca-
Family Callianideidae Kossmann, 1880
phognathite of maxilla 2 with single elon-
Callianideidae Kossmann, 1880:80.—Gur- gate spinulose 'whip' seta reaching poste-
ney, 1938:343.-de Saint Laurent, 1979: riorly into branchial chamber (very rarely,
1395.-Poore& Griffin, 1979:221. 2 elongatewhips present). Maxilliped 2, ex-
498 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON
opodwelldevelopedorreduced.Maxilliped crest; Rostrum having submarginal
3 pediform, becoming somewhat broad- dense pile ofsetae Marcusiaxius
ened in some forms; dentate ischial crest - Maxilliped 3 having dentate ischial
present or absent. Pereopod 1, chelipeds crest; Rostrum lackingdense pile of
subsimilar and subequal in size, or mark- setae Meticonaxius
edly different. Pereopod 2 chelate. Propodi
ofpereopods 2, 3, and 4 expanded in some Callianidea H, Milne Edwards, 1837
species, bearing 1 ormore rows ofsetal pits Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837:319.—
on lateral surface. Epipods present on pe-
Boas, 1880:108, llO.-Bate, 1888:10.-
reopods 1-4 in allbut one species. Pleopod Rathbun, 1901:94.-Borradaile, 1903:
1 offemale uniramous, of2 articles. Pleo- 548.-Gurney, 1938:301, 342.-Balss,
pod 1 of male uniramous, of 2 articles, 1957:1582.-Melin, 1939:4.-de Saint
reaching anteriorly to thoracic stemites. Laurent, 1973:515.—Le Loeuff" & Intes,
pPelnedoipxodma2scouflimnaal.ePbleeaorpiondgsr2o-d5-,shraapmeidvaapr-- 1974:23.-Sakai & Holthuis, 1987:93.-
Intemational Commission ofZoological
iously fringed with filaments or lamellae
Nomenclature, 1989:61.
(these presumedto have a supplemental re-
spiratory function), orbecomingbroad, ex- Type species.—^y monotypy, Calliani-
panded and lacking respiratory filaments; dea typa H. Milne Edwards, 1837.
appendix interna present, free in most spe- Gender.—Feminine.
cies. Uropodal rami lacking transverse su- Diagnosis.—C3Xdip2iCt lacking linea tha-
ture, lateral ramus bilobed in one species. lassinica, or with very short anterior linea
Telson lacking non-articulating dorsal or thalassinica. Anterolateral carapace with
lateral spines. vertical row of setae in postantennal area.
Abdominal somite 1 with small anterodor-
sal rounded sclerotized articulating plate,
Key to the Genera ofCallianideidae separated by non-sclerotized integument
fromlargersclerotizedposteriorplate;latter
1. Respiratory filaments present on taperingventrally butwith no free pleuron,
pleopods 2 with irregular oblique setal row. Somite 2-
- Respiratory filaments lacking on 5 each havingshortrowoffewsetaeinpos-
pleopods 3 teroventral angle ofpleuron; somite 6 with
2. Pereopod 1,chelipedsstrikinglydis- 3 poorly defined irregular setal rows. An-
similar Callianidea tennular peduncle with article 1 not elon-
- Pereopod 1, chelipeds subsimilar gate, article 3 about Vy carapace length. Ar-
Michelea ticle4ofantennalpeduncleabout%carapace
3. Linea thalassinica present 4 length. Antennalaciclereducedtotinyscale.
- Linea thalassinica absent 6 Lateralepistomebearingclusterofelongate
4. Linea thalassinica reaching poste- setae. Mandibularincisorhaving7 rounded
rior margin ofcarapace Mictaxius teeth. Maxilliped 2 with welldeveloped ex-
- Lineathalassinicanotreachingpos- opod.MaxiUiped3withdentateischialcrest.
terior margin ofcarapace 5 Pereopod 1, chelipeds highly unequal, sim-
5. Maxilliped 3, exopod lacking; Is- ilar in $ and 2. Pereopods 2—4, propodus
chium lacking dentate crest with short vertical setal row proximally on
Thomassinia lateralsurface. Pleurobranchslacking. Pleo-
- Maxilliped 3, exopod present; Is- podal branchial filaments of2 to 4 articles,
chium having dentate crest Crosniera borneonmesialandlateralmarginsofboth
. .
6. Maxilliped 3 lackingdentate ischial rami.
.
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Callianidea laevicauda Gill, 1859 groove in posterior half, reaching dorsal
Figs. 3, 4, Table lA midline. Rostrum barely demarked, low,
apically broadly rounded. Linea thalassini-
Callianidea laevicauda Gill, 1859:167.—
Rathbun, 1901:94.-De Man, 1928:21.- ca very short, extending posteriorly from
orbit. Irregular vertical row ofsetal pits in
Schmitt, 1924:79; 1935:193, fig. 54; 1936:
postantennal-postepistomal region
375.-Rodrigues, 1983:93.
Eye with cornea demarked, situated lat-
Callianidea laevicauda occidentalis Schmitt,
erally at about midlength ofeyestalk, me-
1939:10.
diodistal portion ofstalk flattened. Anten-
Callianidea Steenstrupii Boas, 1880:108
nular peduncle reaching distal third of
[188].
antennalpedunclearticle4, witharticlesin-
—USNM
Materialexamined. 24663, 9 cl creasing in length distally, none markedly
14.7 mm, Ensenada Honda, Culebra, Puer- elongate. Antennal peduncle with acicle re-
to Rico.-USNM 47359, 2 cl 5.9 mm, Ja- duced to tiny rounded plate, article 4 slen-
maica.-USNM 57514, 2 cl 8.9 mm, Ca- der, elongate, article 5 slightly more than
racas Bay, Curasao, under intertidal halflengthofarticle4. Lateralepistomewith
stones.—USNM 57924, ovig. $cl 1 1.0 mm, band of elongate setae reaching anteriorly
Needham's Point, Barbados.—USNM almosttodistalendofantennularpeduncle.
67422, 9 cl 5.1 mm, Kralendijk, Bonaire, Mandiblewith incisorhaving 7 bluntteeth,
USNM
under intertidal stones.— 68713, molarbroadly rounded with few mesial tu-
ovig. 9 cl 10.3 mm, 9 cl 11.1 mm. Need- bercles; palp of3 articles, distal article lon-
-USNM
ham's Point, Barbados. 68722, 9 gest, heavily setose. Remainder ofmouth-
cl 11.9 mm, PelicanIs., Barbados.—USNM partsasfigured.Maxilliped 1,endopodwith
122446, ovig. 9 cl 10.2 mm, Grande Bay, slender digitiform distal article. Maxilliped
-USNM
St. Maarten, intertidal. 221759, 3 2, exopod well developed, with distal seg-
cl 6.3 mm, San Salvador Is., Bahamas, in- mentedflagellum. Maxilliped3, meruswith
tertidalpool.-USNM221760,9cl8.0mm, lowbluntspinedistallyonposteriormargin.
Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, back-reefrubble, 1 Pereopod 1, chelipeds strongly dissimilar;
m.-USNM 243465, 3 3 cl 6.6 mm, 7.2 larger cheliped with ischium having serrate
mm, 11.3 mm, 3 9 cl 6.0 mm, 8.8 mm, 8.8 posterior margin, merus with 2 or 3 low
mm, Caledonia Bay, Atlantic Panama, in- tubercles onposteriormargin, chela robust,
tertidal.-USNM 243466, 5 3 cl 5.4 mm, propodal palm twice length offingers, pro-
7.2 mm, 8.5 mm, 9.4 mm, 10.0 mm, 3 9 cl podal carina along posterior margin ob-
5.4 mm, 9.6 mm, 11.5 mm, Smithsonian- scurely crenulate, ridge on mesial face of
Bredin Freelance Expedition sta 73-56, En- fixed finger entire, cutting edge with 3
USNM
glish Harbour, Antigua.— 243467, rounded proximal tubercles and strong tri-
ovig. 9 cl 14.2 mm, 3 9 cl 6.5 mm, 7.7 mm, angular tooth at about midlength; dactylus
14.0 mm, Smithsonian-Bredin Freelance strongly curved, cutting edge with strong
Expeditionsta21-56,Baradal,TobagoCays, truncatetubercleproximally,well separated
Grenadines, underintertidal rocks.—ZMC, from triangular tooth. Smaller cheliped
3cl 12.3 mm, 5 +, cl 4.2 mm, 8.8 mm, 11.1 slender, ischium and merus unarmed; car-
mm, 12.0 mm, 13.2 mm, Tobago, coll. Dr. pus ofsimilar width and about % length of
Th. Mortensen Expedition 1914-1916.— propodalpalm, latterabout2V2timeslength
ZMC, 9 cl 1 1.4 mm, St. Johns, U.S. Virgin offingers,fixedfingerwithseveraltriangular
Islands.—Syntype of Callianidea steen- teeth distally on cutting edge, dactylar cut-
strupiiBoas,ZMC, 9cl 10.4 mm, Barbados, ting edge entire. Pereopod 2, cutting edges
coll. 1866. ofchela bearing fine spines; propodus with
Description. —Carapace with cervical short proximal setal row on lateral surface.
500 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON
Pereopod 3 almost subchelate, propodus the species would seem to have been well
broad, flattened, about Vs longerthan wide, established before any emergence of the
withshortproximalsetalrowonlateralsur- isthmus ofPanama.
face, posterodistal angle somewhat pro- Callianideatypadiffersfrom C. laevicau-
duced, bearing stout spine. Pereopod 4, dainlackinganysignofalineathalassinica,
propoduswith strongposterodistal spine, 2 and in having bifurcating pleopodal acces-
short setal rows proximally on lateral sur- sory respiratory filaments that divide up to
face; dactylus somewhat twisted. Pereopod threetimes.Thesefeatureswerenotthought
5, dactylus twisted. sufficienttojustify separationinto twogen-
Pleopod 1 in female of 2 articles, distal era, even though these two taxa formed a
article slender-lanceolate. Pleopod 1 inmale sister group to the Crosniera-Mictaxius-
of2articles,distalarticlebroadlytriangular, Thomassinia group ofgenera (see Fig. 25).
withsmall mesiallobebearinghooks. Pleo-
pod 2 in male with rod-shaped setose ap-
Crosniera, new genus
pendix masculina and short free appendix
interna. Pleopods 2-5 withboth ramibear- Type species.—'Qy present designation,
ing marginal slender cylindrical accessory Callianassa minima Rathbun, 1901.
respiratory filaments, each filament proxi- G^n^^r.—Feminine.
mally of2 articles, more distal filaments of Diagnosis.—CdivapdiCQ with subvertical
up to 4 articles. Abdominal somite 6 with setal row anterolaterally; linea thalassinica
1 vertical row and 2 irregular oblique rows not reaching posterior margin ofcarapace;
ofsetalpitsposterolaterally, plus short sub- rostrum narrowlytriangularin dorsalview,
marginal row near posterolateral angle. just overreaching eyestalks. Abdomen
Uropodwithouterramushavingsmallbas- somewhat dorsoventrally compressed. Ab-
al spine on dorsal surface, margin setose dominal somite 1 lacking forwardly-direct-
with additional row ofsmall golden spines ed lobes; somites 1-5 each with single setal
along most oflaterodistal margin; innerra- row;somite6with 3 setalrows. Mandibular
mus with longitudinal dorsal ridge bearing incisor toothed. Maxilliped 1, endopod of
2 spinesindistalhalf Telsonshghtlylonger 2 articles. Maxilliped 2, exopodwell devel-
than greatest width, posterior margin sub- oped. Maxilliped 3, pediform but articles
truncate, setose. showing some broadening; exopod moder-
—
Remarks. Schmitt (1939) described the ately well developed; dentate ischial crest
new subspecies Callianidea laevicauda oc- present. Pereopods lacking setal rows. Pe-
cidentalis, from Socorro Island (Pacific reopod 1,chelipedssubsimilar. Pereopod3,
Mexico) and the Galapagos Islands. In the propodus broadened. Pleopodal rami rela-
description, he noted that the only differ- tively narrow, about 3-4 times longer than
C
ences from the Atlantic laevicauda were greatest width; rami lacking accessory re-
the somewhat more tuberculate lower pro- spiratoryfilaments. Pleopod 2 in male with
podalcarina, andthecrenulate mesialridge appendix interna articulating on appendix
ofthefixedfingerofthelargerfirstpereopod masculina. Lateral uropodal ramus not bi-
chela. Examination of material from the lobed.
Galapagos, Lower California, and Pacific Remarks.—T>e Saint Laurent (1979) di-
Mexico confirmed Schmitt's observations, agnosed the genus Thomassinia as having
but revealed some variation in these char- the exopod ofmaxilliped 3 vestigial or ab-
acters. Separation of Pacific and Atlantic sent, and lacking a dentate ischial crest; in
forms ofthis species is thus based on very Crosnieraminimatheexopodismoderately
thin evidence. Given the wide distribution well developed, as is the dentate crest. The
C
across the Caribbean and eastern Pacific, rostrum in minima is well developed
,
VOLUME NUMBER
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Fig. 3. Callianidea laevicauda: A, Carapace in lateral view, scale in mm; B, Anterior carapace, eyes, and
bases ofantennulesandantennae; C, Telson and righturopod; D, Pereopod 1, largercheliped; E, Pereopod 1
smallercheliped; F, Pereopod 2; G, Pereopod 3; H, Pereopod4; I, Pereopod 5.
compared to that of T. gebioides, where it Whetherthis is an aberration, ora function
is practically lacking. The pereopodal epi- of maturity, is unknown, and can only be
pods are bifid in T. gebioides (G. Poore, resolved with considerably more male ma-
1990, in litt.), but not in C. minima. (The terial.
upper ramus ofthese bifid epipods is prob- Etymology.—The, genus is named for
ablytheremnantofapodobranch.)Pleopod Alain Crosnier, ORSTOM scientist at the
1 ofthe male is said to be absent in Tho- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,
massinia. Ofseven males ofC. minima ex- Paris, renowned carcinologist and valued
amined, only one possessed first pleopods. colleague.
502 PROCEEDINGSOFTHEBIOLOGICALSOCIETYOFWASHINGTON
Fig. 4. Callianidealaevicauda: A, Maxilla2;B, Mandible;C, Mandibularpalp; D, Maxilla 1; E, Maxilliped
1; F, Maxilliped2; G, Maxilliped 3; H, Pleopod 1, male; I, Pleopod 2, male.