Table Of ContentAnE rroman(gSaynde i)c tionary
Crowley, T. An Erromangan (Sye) dictionary.
PL-508, xxxi + 250 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2000. DOI:10.15144/PL-508.cover
©2000 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.
AlsionP acifLiicn guistics
BryaEnz ar1d,9 97A, grammoafrT awalaa:nA ustnreosilaann guoafgt ehM ei lnBea y
arePaa,pu aN ewG uin.e a
RosCsl ar1k9, 98A, d ictairyoo nft hMee llea ngu(aAgtea ra IVmaenruea)t,u .
TerrCyr owle1y9,9 9U,r :a dai pspaaerilnagn guoafgs eo uthVearnn uatu.
GerhaTradu bersch1mi9d9t9A,, g rammaorf S inau:ga onAr oustronelsainagnu age
oft hCee ntlPr raovionfPc aep uaN ewG uinea.
PacifLiicn guisitsia c psu blisshpeerc ialiisngi rnagm marasn dl inguidsetsiccr iptions,
dictionaanrdio etsh emra terials on loaft nhgePu aacgiefsti hce,P hilippIinndeosn,e sia,
SoutheaansdSt o utAhs iaa,n dA ustralia.
PacifLiicn guisetsitcasb,l iisn1h e9d6 3th rouagnhi nitgiraalnf tr omt heH unter Douglas
Fundi,sa ssociawtiettdhh eR esearScchh ooolfP acifaincdA siaSnt udiaetTs h eA ustralian
NationUanli versTihteEy d.i torBioaalro df P acifLiicn guisitsmi acdse u po ft hea cademic
stafoff t heS choolD'esp artmeonftL inguistTihcea su.t hoarnsd e ditoorfsP acific
Linguisptuibclsi catairoedn rsa wfnr oma wider angoef i nstitutiontsh ewa roorulndd.
Publicatairoern esf erbeyes dc holwairtsrh e leveaxnpte rtwihsoae r eu sualnloytm emberosf
thee ditobroiaarld .
The4 70p ublicationPsu bbleifcoar5te0i 1own e rneu mbereidn f ousre riAe,sB ,, C andD ,
butt hes eriweesr em ergefdr omt he begionfnt ihneyg e a2r0 0b0e cautsheer ationfaolre
themh adg radually disappeared.
FOUNDING EDITORS:t ephAe.nW urm
EDITORIABLO ARD: MalcolDm.R ossa ndD arreTl.Tl r yo(nM anagiEndgi tors),
JohBno wdenA,n drePwa wley
PacifiLci nguis5t0i8c s
An Erroman(gSayned )i ctionary
TerrCyr owley
Pacific Linguistics
ResearScchh oooflP aciafincd A siaSnt udies
TheA ustraNlaitaino Unnailv ersity
PublisbhyeP da cifLiicn guistics
ResearScchh ooolfP acifaincdA siaSnt udies
TheA ustraNlaitaino nUanli versity
CanberArCaT 0200
Australia
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Firpsutb lis2h0e0d0
NationLailb raorfAy u straClaitaoa gluing-ini-cPautbielonnt ry:
TerrCyr owley
An Erroman(gSayned )i ctionary
Bibolgiraphy.
ISBN0 8 588439 28
1.Er romanlgaan guagDei c-tiona1r.Tih eeAs u.s tralian
NationUanli versRietsye.a rScchh oolo fP acifaincd
AsiaSnt udiIeIsT..i tl(ep.a ciLfiincg uis5t0i8c)s.
499.5
CopyedibtyeJ do aBnirni e
TypesbeytJ eaneCtotoem bes
Printaenddb ounbdy U nioOnf fsPerti nters
Tabloefc ontents
Acknwoledgments vii
Introduction ix
1 Spelling ix
2 Organisoafet nitorni es xi
2.1C itatfioormns xi
2.1.N1o uns xii
2.1.N1u.m1be r xii
2.1.P1o.s2s ession xii
2.1.C1o.m3p ounfdoirnmgs xiii
2.1A.d2j ectives xiii
2.1P.r3e positions xiv
2.1V.e4r bs xiv
2.1W.o5r dtsh alto s0 e xvii
2.1I.d6i oms xviii
3 Parotfss peech xix
4 Meanings xx
5 Additiionnfaolr mation xxii
6 Scopoeft hdei ctionary xxiii
7 Variaint tiholene xicon xxviii
8 Finderlist xxx
References xxxii
Erromangan-English 3
Englhi-sErromangan 161
Personaln ames 233
Placenames 238
Lists 244
1 Numbers 244
2 Months 246
3 Dayosf t hwee ek 248
v
Acknowledgments
Theraert ew ope oplIep artichualvaterot l hya nfokgr e ttmieni gn teriensw toerdk ionng
ErromanFgiarns.Et dlwya,r Nda liwahli,sl teu dyaittn hgUe n iverosfWi atiyk aitnNo e w
Zealaenndc,o urameg edtv oi shimi ti nh ihso mev illoangE er romanagfot,we hri chhe
persuamdete opd r oduced itchtiisoo nfha irsy loawnng uaogfef,e rcionngs idesruapbploer t
fort hdeu ratoifom ny reseaErdcwha.r d-ahnidps a rtHneerl en-aarlseo thfaonrk ed
proviadc inogm fortaanbdvl eerc yo ngerneifaulog nme y v istioVt isl iant hlea tpeerr ioofd
myE rromanlgaanng uage studies.
SeconJdolhyL,ny ncihn,his prelimsitnuaodrfyyt hlea nguaogfEe rsr omansgtoa,t ed
thahte h opetdh a"tt hper esentoaftt hieodsnae t wilal stimulfaurttesh teur diinet sh e
languoagfte hsre e gi(oLny"n 1c9h8 3:Avsia )r .es oufla tc ceptthianctgh alleIwn agsea ,b le
top roduCcreow l(e1y9 98wah)i,cr he pretsherenet ssuo lfmt ysgr ammatiicnavle stiogfa tion
the languatgheid.si cWtiitoIhna amrt ya,k iunpgt hicsh allteona gdedt ot hdee scriptive
worokn t hseo lseu rvivviianblgla en guoafEg rer omango.
Ont hies laonfEd r romanIge on,j oytehdhe o spitoaflE idtwya rd's afnadfm eilllyo w
villaagtUe nrosr (aSho uRtihv efro)art otoafsl i vxi sbeittwse e1n9 9a3n d1 998a,m ounting
toa t otpaelr ioofrd e sidoefna cbeo uste vemno nthIsnp. a rticIuw loaurll,di kteot hank
HarrRyu mtoEud,w ardf'ast haenrd,his motheMra,r garUentd wog-atnhde einrt ire
family-for tgaokoicdna gr oefsm uec,ah n df omra kimnegf eeslow elcoIma el.so ow e
versype citahla ntkos HaUrmrpyk ofno,ar d optmiena gsh ipsr oteacntdfe rei eanndda, l so
fohre lpmient gol eaErnr romangan.
Durimnyg variosutsao ynst hies latnhdec, o mpaonfyt hel ocgaaln wga sa lways
appreciTahteesader. ae l olf E dwarmda'tse wsh,o a ren owm ym atetso oY.o up rovided
goodf una,s w elals e xcelplreontte cftrioomhno rnetasn df romm yselyfo,uc hewed
excelklaevnaatn, d y ouh elpemde w itthasnmdy v arifoiuesl dwwooreksSo .p, a longtia mah
toJ ohnnUamha hJ,a coMbo loNue,l sYoanl imyJaouh,n sNoonk igToo,mN ompunmevog,
HenryT auru, Robbie TJeolhynenMnyi,,c hRaNueaslrs ietlalHn etnorpNy,o mpunaJvoeu ,
SorenWaiul,l iNaomm punaErpesR,io bbJioeh,Nn a liFgr,eN de lakMaant,h eLwo uvPoa,u l
NompwaPti,e rNraev oroTmh.el icsotu glodo na nodn s,o p leadsoen f'eteo lf fenifd yeodu
donf'itn ydo unra mhee re.
Toa lolf t hceh ieoffss o uthEerrnr omanIwg ios,th oe xprtehsasn fkoser n dorsmiyn g
research proIaj rercitav nebdfde o,fsr ou rpep ormtewi hnigIl w ea so nt hies laJnedr.Tr ayk i
oft hVea nuaCtuul tuCreanlth reel peedn ormouasnldthisy ,w asv ermyu cha ppreciIa ted.
alsoow et hantkoRs a lph Regaenndvt ahGneou v erniCnogu ncoiftl h Vea nuaCtuul tural
Centfroesr o e xpeditfiaocuisliltmyay ta idnmgi ttaasan nco ev ersreeasse aricnVh aenru atu.
vii
viiAic knolwegdmenst
Final tahradenu kets ot hUen iverosfWi atiyk aftoor profvuinddiintngog w armdys
reseaerxcpehn soensf ietlrdi tposV anuaotvue trh epe riodFse bruary-1M9a9y5,
November-Dec1e9m9be6Jr,a nu1a9r9ya8 n dSe ptember-No1v9e9m8be.r
HamiltNoenwZ, e aland
May1 999
Introduction
1bis dictiiso nwarriytt aesna companivoonl umteo A nE rormang(aSny gera) mmar
(Crowl1e9y9 8aE)r.r omangtahnesm selivnee sn,c ouragmien tgo " writteh"e irl anguage,
havei ndicattheatdth eseye my taspkr imaraislb ye inag l exicograpohnieac,sa w le lals
involvtihnerg e cordoifno gr atlr aditTihoefn r.u oiftm y worka sa recordoefor r atlr adition
hasbe enc hannelblaecdtk o t hEer romangcaonm muniitnty h ef ormo fa collecotfie odni ted
vernacultaerx tesn titNlaedvy anOv oteem NelocomIprneet, h atis ,' Thev oicoe f
Erromangtaondsa (yC'r owl1e99y7 a).
Ia m fairly certaavienr atEghrear to mtahnegi asgn o intgof intdh ev olumoef p honetics,
morphological paanrdoa bdsicgumsrsye n tacatniacl yisniC sr owle(y19 98oaf)l ititnltee .r est
Indeetdh,e mya ye vefni ntdh eliarn gualgaer geulnyr ecogniisnat bhlese h apien w hiciht
appeairnst habto okH.o weveIrh, o pet haitn t hidsi ctioneadruyc,a tEendg lish-speaking
Erromangwainlsbl e h apptyo se e theliarn guargeec ordfeodrpo steriitnay w ayt hatth ey
cana ppreciuantdee,r staanndpd e rhaepvse enn joy.
Itis fort hirse asotnh aIt t ried to avfoairad s-p aoss sible-usteho ef technical
vocabulianrt yh iisn troducatsi woenl,la st her atheirm personsatly loef writitnhga t
academigcesn eraplrleyf eHro.w evetrh,e raer es ome powihnitscwil hl beo fp articular
interteoss pte cialliinsgtu wihsetrste e chnitcearlm inoilsuo gnya voidable.
1 Spelling
Obviousilnyo ,r defro rw ordtso b ee nteriendt ao d ictiontahreyhy,a vet ob ew ritten
accorditnoag r egulsapre llisnygs teTmh.e w ritisnygs tem itshc autr renutsleydf ort he
languahgaese volvoeudto fd ecisifoinrtssa tk ebny E uropemains sionaorniE ersr omanigno
these conhda loff t hen ineteecnetnht u(rCyr owl1e9y9 a8:37-3B9a)s.i catlhlelye ,t ttehrast
areu setdo w ritweo rdisn E rromangaarnep ronounecxeadc talsyy oum ighetx pecot nt he
basiosf t heitrr aditipornoanlu nciatwiiotnhos n,l ya smalnlu mber opofi ntsn eeding
particautltaern tion.
PeopolneE rromanwgroi te theI rjls( oausin nEd n glissihn gbearn,og r B islanmaa ngae)
witthh es inglleet tge,ar n dl ocalu sagem aiisn taiinnet hdi dsi ctionTahreys .pe llinnggin
Erromangwaonr dtsh erefroerper estewnot s separatei .sIeon.uf! no dlsl,o wbeydI IJ/(T.h ese
soundnse vearp peatro getihnet rh iwsa yi na s ingwloer di ne ithEenrg liosrBh i slaa.mT)h us:
nongo InonIJol 'only hliesg/sh'e r
navango InavanI]ol' gion d ifferdeinrte ctions'
ix
x Introduction
Theriesas ounidnE rromantghaasntp eciailnti hssett usod fyl anguargeeprse wsiettnhht e
specsiyamlb Ioyl(l a isn t hEer romanwgoarndI sy oy'o(ls!)d huego 'r I navr'ucyolu gh').
Unfortuntahteeea lrmyli,ys sionoantr hiiees sl adnidnd o sete fitto c leadrilsyt intghuiiss h
sounfdr oomt hseoru ndansd,s ometitmheesy ndoibtd o thteowr r iiteta ta llI.nb ooks
produbcyet dh eesaer mliys sioniatir sgi eense,r warliltyst iemnp alsky int hmei ddolfea
woradn da tt heen od fa w ordw,h iiliteso f tneonwt r itattae lnal tt hbeegin ning ofa w ord.
Thimse antsh atthw eo rmde ani'n(gs d)uhgei' sl ikteolb yew ritatseo nk owlh,i tlhewe o rd
fo'rc ouigslh ik'e tloybe written assn iamvprluyk .
WhenE rromangans thetmhssieoslu vn(eidsln e wtrtwiehtreeswn ,r itsionngg osrp, e rhaps
inp ublnioct ictehses)yo, m etifmoelslt ohwse a me praasct thieeca er mliys sionbaurIti es,
havael soob serqvueidat r ea nogfeo thsepre llfiontrgh ssi osu nPde.o psloem etismpeelthissl
sounwdi tthh lee ttgeo rrhs ,a nds omFer ench-edpuecoapatlleesds o pe lilta sr ,bec austeh e
Iyslo unidsq uistiem itloa rpt rhoen uncoifar it niF orne nwcohr dssu cahsr ir'el augh'.
Howevneorn,oe ft hesspeel linisg rse alslayt isfwahcetwnor riyt ai dnigc tioans;)a arcyh,
woulrde siunlu tn certaabionhutotyw a w orsdh oubel pdr onounWcietdth.h s ep eloliknogl ,
foerx ampiltwe o,u lbdeu nclwehaert htehpree rsionnt entdowe rdi Ityeo y'o(ls!d) uhgeo' r
loy'odli!(g I!st'h. o ublend o ttehda lto kiosln !oat r eawlo ridn t hlea nguatgheo,ua gw ho rd
int hlea nguacoguel hda vteh issh apSei.m)i laorgloyol,h, o aln do roclo uladl sboe
interpraestt henedo n-exiwsotrdesn t 101]0aln!dl, o rloIolnha! od.ld !i ttioto hne sspeel liIn gs,
havael soob serEvrerdo manugsainansv g a rioeftt yw o-letter ctoorm ebpirneatstheiinostn s
sounidn t hem iddolfea word( hrc,k c,r r,k )a,n do ccasioenvaeltnlh yr ee-letter
combina(tricornkgs,k A)l.lo f t himse antsh aat w orsdu cahs I noy'ultolu msieg'hb te
spelblyeE dr romanginaa nnsyo ft hfeo llowwianygsn :o kunto,g unto,h unto,r ut,
nohrut, nockut, nnoorccrknuuottr,,g k(nauontsrd ok muett,ie mveesnn o utT)hi.ks i nd
ofv ariaitnis openl liinshg a rdslayt isfiancp troordyu cai dnigc tioansap reyo,pw loeu ld
nevkenro wwh erawe o ridst o b ef ounodrh, o wi it sto b ep ronounced.
A separlaettietst eh re renfeoerdete ord e gulraerplrye tsheisnsot u nidnt hdiisc tioInna ry.
thbeo ookf s toreinetsi NtalvyeadnOv otemNee locomIprn(eeC row1l9e9y7a )I,u setdh e
lettce tro r eprestehnistso unads,i nt hew ordN e locponmew,h icihs p ronounced
IneloyomTphnieps/r .a ctfioclel owtehdes uggesotfis oonm ei nfluepenotpilaoeln
Erromawnhgooa ,r aew arteh atth liest htaebesre nu sefdo arl ontgi mer etpor etshesena tm e
sounodn tnheea ribsyl aonfAd n eityIuw ma.se ncourbaygp eedo plree'ssp otnots heo se
storainedIsn ,o wf intdh aEtr romanagrabeenc so mifnagm ilwiiattrhh issp ellwiinthsg o,m e
peoplael reaaddoyp tiitin ntg h eoiwrnw ritIih nagv.te h eremfaoirnet atihnsiespd e lliin ng
thisd ictioTnhaursny,o. t teh es pellbienlgosaw l,o nwgi th ptrhoen uncitahtaittoh nesy
represent:
nogun Ino1]unl 'hism/ohuetrh '
nocut Inoyutl 'louse'
cocohcoIhy oyohyo'h(/ss )ahwue s '
cochor Iyoyhorl sawt' h(esm)'h e
nocugo InoYU1]ol 'road'
nongo Inon1]ol 'onhliys /lheegrs '
navangoI navan1]o'lgi ond iffedriernetc tions'
Whilsaen dh c and istinmgeuainsihin nEg rsr omantghaenar,re ae l smoa nyw ordwsh ere
theisr rea ndovma riabettiwoenet nh etsweos oun(dCsr ow1l9e89ya 1:l-12,1 998b)I.n t he
nineteenthc-hcuernlctihut reyr astpuorkehe,n i sa lmoisntv ariwarbiltyta essn , a nd
