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AN ATLAS OF 5 _
An Atlas of Middle Eastern Affairs
Ewan W. Anderson and Liam D. Anderson
Cartography by lan M. Cool
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Contents
Liseof maps
Lint of tes
Prfice
Abbreviations nd acres
Section 8
‘The Nidle Fastin context
Sestion B_ The Middle astom hackprund: geogasical and isc
‘Gengrapnical background
issu background
Section C Fundamental concerns
Petrleurs
weer
Itersasonal bounéaris
Tarsboundary issves
Seedion D
Stes ofthe Midéle Feat
Afghonsoe
Algeria
on
Cyprus
Gaza Srp and he ese Buk (Palestine)
Rawat
Moroceo
nan
euar
ei CONTENTS
Tak RK
ined Aah Emirates (CAE) -
Rima region
Section Key isaes
War ard contice
Pelical insues
The Fame Plesinian qustion
ihanistn
Section F sah
Fane rxsing
Indes
Maps
Secs A
1 Made Kast: global lesson
2 Mille Fase sates ru capital iis
3 Puls projection of fe Mille Fast
3 Main tlie are
3
6
5 surface fo
§ Deep aque
‘9 Major areas of he ol and mtu gas incustry
0
1
Population deny
no-lingisi areas
13 Religion
13 Ab Mastin Empire (032-750)
Menge! Faxpiee
18 Major ade routes is she Mongol Period
16 Otownan Erpire 66)
17 Sykes Mico: Agwemet (1916)
Section €
Ty Transboundary piles
1 Key choke pein
20 Olt percentage of oa expt rom
a
2
23 Water mana
34 Water managerest:JanJan Basi
25. Revenly seed boundary dspaes
Ye Kev boundary isis
37 fiddle Ess refsgee movernens
2 Midile Lass drug smogeling
29° Mile Face people all chins
ide Fast and
4
5
MAPS
Section D
30) Alghaniten
2 Algeria
3 Gyms
3S Gar Srip
So Wee, Bank
7 ina
3 ing
3 ised
rte
AL Kuwait
3 Lita
4 Matin
18 Morseeo
45 Gan
a7 Quay
68 Saudi ania
Sian
30 Syn
3 Thais
52 Turkey
53 Unled rh Emirates
‘54 Wester Salant,
6 case Buon
57 Southam Cancasue
58 Cental Asie
59° Pekiaon
80 Kom ot Ata
BL Sabet
82 Middle Eat Rivland see end martin boundries
Secton
Laing War
4 Pos-Gull Wer (191) 9 3y zones
($$ Operation ing Freedom
86 Ise taholah cong
1 USnilitry sary
8 Mili East wesnons of mas desrcton
$9, tues known ancl posite weapons ous destruction ser
20 na's weapons ef mass desston see
7 Tonos neers (2009)
72 Freedom satus
73. Min dsbtion of he Kicks
74 SuraCreen
Jewish ate: 01948 war ao pos-1048 wor
Palestinian refi ees
Israel after the 1967 war
Pcstini-Asracli peace agreements
Ieee sclements in the West Bank ad Gaza
Cceupied West Burk. separation barre”
lea etic grou
Afghanistan ops
Tables
it oad esr, 07 and 2000
Import dependence 26
Natural yo posed reserves, 2007
50
31
51
51
The Middle East in context
Throughout history she Middle Esa has beer an important feeus of hua ats. Soon afer
al period (1200 1500 uc} w din the gion, te settled oceunatice ofthe land wih
tivation ef -opsoscuer. This change from nomadic humargutering is recognise as
‘he it ron stage in swllnion, With che erasing organist: accessar to establish Ira
seule ealivaion este aocucvlaion of mrss, the fist cies and the rstracngisable
poltial unts appeared ine bein othe Tigi Eupiraes ad he N
inca at thz cere of Ue Wook ilaned (Map I) alee hc tater of eas from all
Aicctons The Middle East was the globelcorsmntmtions hub whi satiety px
pert hut alin cowie. es cute, between epee and states but also the Pith of peat
Tre reigns, Tough the biosoming o” Ara ans and science, i linked te word of he
Ancieas with that othe Renssennce, The Miele Eas was hgh > sigaicant in beth workd
‘pars and subsequently il weal has rade it ke poliiealflashnoin- Sic dhe Send
Weald Wer the estasinonront of sracl faa coaly Arab aa Isaac region as ested the
Mie East som ning nigh aba polite and ales association with co
Dei he fac tht anc of ts Nistor is lt i fe mists 0 de, Ue iol ton “Midi
Frat ea vebnvely eos: aogaton, Sirce te fileuth etry and the Grem Age of Discor=
try it ad hecome customay to dstinguish between the Nea East andthe Far Ess. The former
Comprised the eestern Meditsmanean wilh sod ceut lands wie te Tor Last was everthing
fast of fadie he Indian subeoniment set occupies serething ofan anomalous posicon. I
fennel cal ad etefore mar stacey, was electively the ents othe Britis Sp
Ih ether than ts mos: northerly ad westey approaches, was considered separate cay,
(cated inthe East bute te Neve Eastor ‘hr Par ea. Tus, clmos by deftult are octet
hem betwcenthe Ini subcontinent a the Near Last was chicacerisedas the Middle
ast Therefore, hisorkily and geowraphially here seme Logis in the designation of he
Mile Ean ral s kuowe asthe Maver.
‘Ateough he teem Miele Eat was wed athe Betis India Office dhring the middle port of
\henincieenth seta, sinodustion toe wider audience i noraully creed Allie’ Maia,
fa Atiercansavaloficergcepeiccian al histovan, The core ofthe Midile Eas as scen by
Mahan waste Gale Lat is terminology se variculy ompeted as the “Miele” at
Sistoneat seas But also pesssly ina nae-suth sense Detwees the Batish to the south se
Revsslans othe north Ths, for bogs 1900, the tem “Middle Esa was no longer resired,
‘othe varidorse power athe rissh goverment Fut came i havea wider aesepance
However i was during the pod of global warars thy the tm achive penal ackrom te
sigemenr sfc pomrancnse, Dari the Fit World Worth operation ara of te Mesopotamia
Enpeliignuy Force was istnguishod asthe’ Mike East wae tht tse Eayption Expditon-
fy Foves wat cuanto a the ‘Near East’ Geographical and srutegic ot miliary definitions
‘bughly comeided Between the wars the Royal Air Fowce amalgamated its Middle Easter
Description:The Middle East is a major focus of world interest. This atlas provides accessible, concisely written entries on the most important current issues in the Middle East, combining maps with their geopolitical background. Providing a clear context for analysis of key concerns, it includes background top
