Table Of ContentAN ANGLICAN BRITISH
WORLD
The Church of England and the Expansion
of the Settler Empire, c. 1790–1860
JOSEPH HARDWICK
General editor John M. MacKenzie
When the ‘Studies in Imperialism’ series was founded by Professor
John M. MacKenzie more than thirty years ago, emphasis was laid upon
the conviction that ‘imperialism as a cultural phenomenon had as
significant an effect on the dominant as on the subordinate societies’.
With well over a hundred titles now published, this remains the prime
concern of the series. Cross-disciplinary work has indeed appeared
covering the full spectrum of cultural phenomena, as well as examining
aspects of gender and sex, frontiers and law, science and the
environment, language and literature, migration and patriotic societies,
and much else. Moreover, the series has always wished to present
comparative work on European and American imperialism, and
particularly welcomes the submission of books in these areas. The
fascination with imperialism, in all its aspects, shows no sign of abating,
and this series will continue to lead the way in encouraging the widest
possible range of studies in the field. Studies in Imperialism is fully
organic in its development, always seeking to be at the cutting edge,
responding to the latest interests of scholars and the needs of this ever-
expanding area of scholarship.
An Anglican British World
SELECTED TITLES AVAILABLE IN THE SERIES
MISSIONARIES AND THEIR MEDICINE
A Christian modernity for tribal India
David Hardiman
WELSH MISSIONARIES AND BRITISH IMPERIALISM
The Empire of Clouds in north-east India
Andrew J. May
EMPIRE, MIGRATION AND IDENTITY IN THE BRITISH WORLD
Edited by Kent Fedorowich and Andrew S. Thompson
WRITING IMPERIAL HISTORIES
Edited by Andrew S. Thompson
MISSIONARY FAMILIES
Race, gender and generation on the spiritual frontier
Emily J. Manktelow
An Anglican British
World
The Church of England and the
Expansion of the Settler Empire,
c. 1790–1860
Joseph Hardwick
MANCHESTER
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Manchester
Copyright © Joseph Hardwick 2014
The right of Joseph Hardwick to be identified as the author of this work has been
asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Published by MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS
ALTRINCHAM STREET, MANCHESTER, M1 7JA, UK
www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk
British Library cataloguing-in-publication data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN 978 0 7190 8722 6 hardback
First published 2014
The publisher has no reponsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any
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guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or
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Typeset in Trump Medievel by
Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
For my dad, Charley Hardwick
1946–99
CONTENTS
General editor’s introduction — viii
Acknowledgements — ix
Abbreviations — xi
Introduction: The Church of England, migration and the
British world — 1
1 The recruitment of colonial clergy, c. 1790–1850 22
2 The making of a colonial laity 65
3 The Colonial Bishoprics’ Fund and the contest over colonial
Church reform 99
4 British support for overseas expansion 132
5 Imperial ecclesiastical networks 169
6 The Church, associations and ethnic and loyalist identities 205
Conclusion — 239
Bibliography — 248
Index — 272
[ vii ]
GENERAL EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION
The Church of England has been studied extensively in its national
context. Until recently there was no equivalent body of writing about
the Church of England as an imperial institution. This book is one of a
small number of studies that are redressing that imbalance. At the
beginning of the nineteenth century Anglicanism had a very limited
presence overseas. Fifty years later it had spread throughout the settler
empire and beyond. How did that come to pass? What part did the
Church play in the emigration process? What was the relationship
between demographic expansion and spiritual expansion? How different
was the Church of England at home to that overseas? Was settler religion
a recognisable phenomenon across a British World, or were churches
defined by the character of colony to which they belonged? These are
some of the questions that Joseph Hardwick addresses in this important
study. Anglican churchmen and congregations were key if somewhat
neglected agents of global connection. Hardwick offers insights into
Anglicanism’s role in the forging of settler identities, showing how
religion was a vital part of the colonist experience, how Irish and
Scottish traditions were just as influential as English, and how colonial
congregations made different demands on their clergy from their
metropolitan counterparts. This book will therefore be of interest not
only to historians of religion, but to all those who seek to understand the
dynamics of settler society and identity in the early and mid-Victorian
era. It is a welcome addition to a series that has long situated migration –
voluntary and coerced – right at the heart of our understanding of
empire.
Professor Andrew S. Thompson
[ viii ]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First thanks must go to the Arts and Humanities Research Council and
the British taxpayer. The AHRC covered the costs of the doctorate on
which this book is – very loosely – based. In 2012 the AHRC graciously
awarded me an early career fellowship that bought me out of seven
months of teaching. A good chunk of the research and writing that went
into this book was completed in this period. Northumbria University
and the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church of the United States
also awarded me smaller grants that allowed me to undertake short
research trips in Britain, Ireland and Canada. The AHRC also
contributed to a six-week research trip to Sydney back in 2007. I’m
grateful that all these funding bodies saw the value of my research
project.
A great number of individuals have helped me develop my ideas on
imperial and Anglican history over the course of the past six years or so.
My PhD supervisor, Miles Taylor, first suggested the feasibility and
importance of a research project that revisited the Church of England’s
relationship with colonial reform politics. All of the following have at
some stage given me comments that have fed into this book: Allen
Warren, Bill Sheils, Henrice Altink, Don MacRaild, James McConnel,
Tanja Bueltmann, Andrew Porter, Arthur Burns, Jeremy Gregory, Gordon
Pentland and Joanna de Groot. Special thanks must go to John Powell for
meeting with me to discuss Gladstone, empire and colonial Church
politics. I would also like to thank Charlotte Alston and Sasha Handley –
friends and colleagues – for helping me to focus my ideas by giving me
enormously helpful comments on the research proposal that went to the
AHRC. Oliver Moss also gave valuable assistance. The anonymous
reviews that I’ve received on research and book proposals and from
journal article submissions have helped me develop my approach.
Elements of the research in this book appeared as ‘Anglican Church
expansion and the recruitment of colonial clergy for New South Wales
and the Cape Colony, c. 1790–1850’, The Journal of Imperial and
Commonwealth History, 37:3 (2009); ‘Vestry politics and the emergence
of a reform “public” in Calcutta, c.1813–1836’, Historical Research,
84:223 (2011); and ‘Mid-Victorian periodicals and the colonial Church of
England’, Nineteenth-Century Prose, 39:1 (2012). I have also presented
aspects of the current work to the Imperial History and Modern
Religious History seminars at the Institute of Historical Research: I
would like to thank all the individuals who participated in these
[ ix ]
