Amuq Valley Regional Projects: Surveys in the Plain of Antioch and Orontes Delta, Turkey, 1995-2002 (University of Chicago Oriental Institute ... Institute of the University of Chicago)

352 Pages·2006·0.33 MB·English

by  K. Aslihan Yener

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ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS • NO. 131
THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
Series Editors
Leslie Schramer
and
Thomas G. Urban
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DEDICATED TO
LINDA S. BRAIDWOOD
AND
ROBERT J. BRAIDWOOD
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THE AMUQ VALLEY REGIONAL PROJECTS
VOLUME 1
SURVEYS IN THE PLAIN OF ANTIOCH AND
ORONTES DELTA, TURKEY, 1995–2002
edited by
KUTLU ASLIHAN YENER
with chapters by
STEPHEN BATIUK, AARON A. BURKE, JESSE J. CASANA, AMY REBECCA GANSELL,
TIMOTHY P. HARRISON, HATICE PAMIR, LAURENCE PAVLISH,
TONY J. WILKINSON, AND KUTLU ASLIHAN YENER
and contribution by
ROBERT K. RITNER
THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS • NO. 131
CHICAGO • ILLINOIS
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2005924805
ISBN: 1-885923-32-5
ISSN: 0069-3367
©2005 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
Published 2005. Printed in the United States of America.
The Oriental Institute, Chicago
Co-managing Editors
Thomas A. Holland and Thomas G. Urban
Series Editors’ Acknowledgments
The series editors thank Katherine Strange Burke and Katie L.
Johnson for their assistance in the production of this volume.
Spine and Title Page Illustration
“Miss Piggy” Animal-headed Vessel discovered at Tell Atchana (Alalakh; AS 136). See fig. 4.26 and pl. 8
Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................................. xi
LIST OF PLATES.................................................................................................................................................... xvii
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................................... xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................................................................ xix
TEAM MEMBERS BY NAME AND SEASON.................................................................................................... xxi
BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................................... xxiii
CHAPTER ONE: THE AMUQ VALLEY REGIONAL PROJECTS. Kutlu Aslıhan Yener................................. 1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 1
IMPORTANCE OF THE AMUQ ........................................................................................................................... 2
A SHORT HISTORY OF INVESTIGATIONS........................................................................................................ 4
THE AMUQ VALLEY REGIONAL PROJECTS 1995–2002................................................................................. 7
THE RESEARCH DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 9
REGIONAL INVESTIGATIONS.................................................................................................................... 10
SITE-SPECIFIC INVESTIGATIONS .............................................................................................................. 11
ARTIFACTUAL INVESTIGATIONS.............................................................................................................. 14
OUTREACH PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................................ 15
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................................. 16
CHAPTER TWO: SETTLEMENT AND LANDSCAPES IN THE AMUQ REGION. Jesse J. Casana
and Tony J. Wilkinson....................................................................................................................................... 25
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 25
HISTORY AND TECHNIQUES OF SURVEY........................................................................................................ 25
THE AMUQ VALLEY REGIONAL PROJECT SURVEY....................................................................................... 26
THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND GEOARCHAEOLOGY..................................................................... 28
DIMINISHING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD: PHYSICAL TRANSFORMATIONS....................................... 30
DIMINISHING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD: CULTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS..................................... 31
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT................................................................ 33
PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT THROUGH TIME.......................................................................................... 34
Paleolithic........................................................................................................................................... 34
Epipaleolithic and Pre-pottery Neolithic........................................................................................... 35
Early Prehistoric: Amuq Phases A–D/E............................................................................................ 36
Bronze and Iron Age Settlement: Landscape of Tells........................................................................ 37
Dispersed Settlement of Seleucid and Later Times............................................................................ 40
The Islamic Period ............................................................................................................................. 44
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK ............................................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER THREE: THE ORONTES DELTA SURVEY. Hatice Pamir............................................................. 67
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 67
THE NATURAL SETTING .................................................................................................................................. 68
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SURVEY METHODS........................................................................................................................................... 69
ANALYSES OF THE SURVEY RESULTS............................................................................................................ 70
NEOLITHIC/EARLY CHALCOLITHIC SITES............................................................................................... 70
BRONZE AGE SITES................................................................................................................................... 70
IRON AGE SITES........................................................................................................................................ 72
HELLENISTIC, ROMAN, AND ISLAMIC SITES........................................................................................... 73
CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 75
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................................... 76
CHAPTER FOUR: ALALAKH SPATIAL ORGANIZATION. Kutlu Aslıhan Yener.......................................... 99
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 99
AUGMENTING THE ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUTS OF LEVELS VII–0 ............................................................. 99
PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS AT ALALAKH AND CHRONOLOGY................................................................... 100
THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE EXPEDITION TO ALALAKH (2000–2002).......................................................... 103
ALALAKH SITE MAPS............................................................................................................................... 105
Level VII.............................................................................................................................................. 105
Level VIA and VIB and Level VA and VB.......................................................................................... 106
Level IV............................................................................................................................................... 108
Levels III and II.................................................................................................................................. 110
Level I ................................................................................................................................................. 112
Level 0................................................................................................................................................. 112
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................... 113
CHAPTER FIVE: THE TELL ATCHANA MAPPING AND GIS PROJECT. Stephen Batiuk and
Aaron A. Burke.................................................................................................................................................. 145
OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................................................... 145
PROBLEMS ........................................................................................................................................................ 145
METHOD............................................................................................................................................................ 149
CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 150
CHAPTER SIX: SURFACE CERAMICS, OFF-SITE SURVEY, AND FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT
AT TELL ATCHANA (ALALAKH). Jesse J. Casana and Amy Rebecca Gansell....................................... 153
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 153
ON-SITE SURFACE COLLECTION..................................................................................................................... 153
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE MATERIAL.................................................................................. 153
DATING OF THE BRONZE AGE SURFACE MATERIAL ............................................................................. 154
ROMAN, LATE ROMAN, AND ISLAMIC CERAMIC EVIDENCE................................................................. 157
OFF-SITE SURFACE COLLECTION.................................................................................................................... 157
FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT.......................................................................................................................... 158
CHAPTER SEVEN: THE TAªYINAT SURVEY, 1999–2002. Stephen Batiuk, Timothy P. Harrison,
and Laurence Pavlish........................................................................................................................................ 171
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 171
PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS AT TELL TAªYINAT .......................................................................................... 172
THE SYRO-HITTITE EXPEDITION ............................................................................................................. 172
HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO IRON AGE TELL TAªYINAT ........................................................................... 173
THE TAªYINAT SURVEY .................................................................................................................................. 174
SITE TOPOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................... 175
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GEOMAGNETIC REMOTE SENSING SURVEY............................................................................................ 175
THE SURFACE SURVEY............................................................................................................................. 176
Sampling Strategy and Recovery Methods......................................................................................... 176
Settlement Patterns............................................................................................................................. 176
Miscellaneous Finds........................................................................................................................... 177
SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 177
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................................... 178
CHAPTER EIGHT: CONCLUSIONS. Kutlu Aslıhan Yener ................................................................................. 193
THE AMUQ VALLEY AND ITS WIDER CONTEXT............................................................................................ 193
PALEOLITHIC AND AMUQ PHASES A–D/E (NEOLITHIC–UBAID).......................................................... 194
AMUQ PHASES F–J (LATE FOURTH TO THE END OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.)......................... 195
AMUQ PHASES K–O (MIDDLE/LATE BRONZE–IRON AGES, CA. 2000–SEVENTH CENTURY B.C.)..... 197
AMUQ PHASES P–V (HELLENISTIC–PRESENT) ...................................................................................... 200
FUTURE GOALS ................................................................................................................................................ 201
APPENDIX A: GAZETTEER OF SITES. Jesse J. Casana and Tony J. Wilkinson.............................................. 203
POTTERY ASSESSMENTS.................................................................................................................................. 203
GAZETTEER OF SITES....................................................................................................................................... 203
APPENDIX B: SCARAB. Robert K. Ritner........................................................................................................... 281
INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES................................................................................................................ 283
PLATES ................................................................................................................................................................... 294
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
A.H. anno Hegirae, in the year of the Hegira
AS Amuq Survey
AVRP Amuq Valley Regional Projects
B.P. before present
cf. confer, compare
cm centimeter(s)
diam. diameter
ed(s). editor(s), edited, edition
e.g. exempli gratia, for example
et al. et alii, and others
f(f). and following
fig(s). figure(s)
GIS Geographical Information Systems
GPS Global Positioning System
ha hectare(s)
ibid. ibidem, in the same place
i.e. id est, that is
in prep. in preparation
m meter(s)
max. maximum
mm millimeter(s)
MTA Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlü©ü (Turkish Mineral Research and Exploration Directorate:
Turkish Geological Survey)
n(n). note(s)
no(s). number(s)
OS Orontes Survey
p(p). page(s)
pl(s). plate(s)
sect. section
Sq(s). square(s)
TAP Taªyinat Archaeological Project
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
XML Extensible Markup Language
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