Amphibians and Reptiles of Cocobolo Nature Reserve

56 Pages·2017·8.69 MB·English

by  Twan Leenders

Amphibians and Reptiles
of
Cocobolo Nature Reserve
Compiled & Photographed by Twan Leenders
Copyright 2017 Twan Leenders, except where otherwise noted.
All rights reserved.
Herpetofauna of Cocobolo Nature Reserve - 113 spp.
Updated February 2017
AMPHIBIANS - 52 Family Microhylidae Marisora unimarginata
Caecilians - 1 Ctenophryne aterrima Family Teiidae
Family Caeciliidae Family Ranidae Ameiva ameiva
Oscaecilia ochrocephala (Rana warszewitschii) Holcosus festivus
Family Strabomantidae Holcosus leptophrys
Salamanders - 5 Pristimantis cerasinus
Family Plethodontidae Pristimantis cruentus Snakes - 33
Bolitoglossa biseriata Pristimantis gaigei Family Boidae
Bolitoglossa cuna Pristimantis pardalis Boa constrictor
Bolitoglossa sp. Pristimantis ridens Family Colubridae
Bolitoglossa medemi Pristimantis taeniatus Chironius grandisquamis
Oedipina aff. complex Pristimantis sp. Dendrophidion percarinatum
(Drymarchon melanurus)
Frogs & Toads - 46 Leptophis ahaetulla
Family Bufonidae REPTILES –61 Leptophis depressirostris
Atelopus limosus Crocodilians -1 Mastigodryas melanolomus
Rhaebo haematiticus Family Alligatoridae Oxybelis aeneus
Rhinella marina Caiman crocodilus Oxybelis fulgidus
Family Centrolenidae Phrynonax poecilonotus
Cochranella granulosa Turtles - 1 Rhinobothryum bovallii
Hyalinobatrachium cf. colymbiphyllum Family Kinosternidae Spilotes pullatus
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni Kinosternon scorpioides Stenorrhina degenhardtii
Sachatamia ilex Tantilla schistosa
Teratohyla pulverata Worm Lizards—1 Family Dipsadidae
Teratohyla spinosa Family Amphisbaenidae Clelia clelia
Family Craugastoridae Amphisbaena varia Coniophanes fissidens
Craugastor aff. polyptychus Dipsas articulata
Craugastor crassidigitus Lizards - 25 Enuliophis sclateri
Craugastor fitzingeri Family Gekkonidae Geophis hoffmani
Craugastor gollmeri Hemidactylus garnotti Imantodes cenchoa
Craugastor opimus Lepidodactylus lugubris Imantodes inornatus
Craugastor talamancae Family Phyllodactylidae Leptodeira rhombifera
Family Dendrobatidae Thecadactylus rapicauda Ninia maculata
Andinobates fulguritus Family Sphaerodactylidae Oxyrhopus petolarius
Andinobates minutus Gonatodes albogularis Pliocercus euryzonus
Colostethus panamensis Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma Pseudoboa newiedii
Colostethus pratti Sphaerodactylus lineolatus Sibon nebulatus
Dendrobates auratus Family Gymnophthalmidae Urotheca fulviceps
Silverstoneia flotator Anadia vittata Family Elapidae
Silverstoneia nubicola (?) Echinosaura panamensis Micrurus multifasciatus
Family Eleutherodactylidae Loxopholis southi Micrurus nigrocinctus
Diasporus diastema Ptychoglossus festae Family Viperidae
Diasporus quidditus Family Corytophanidae Bothriechis schlegelii
Diasporus aff. vocator Basiliscus basiliscus Bothrops asper
Family Hylidae Corytophanes cristatus Porthidium nasutum
Agalychnis callidryas Family Dactyloidae
(Dendropsophus ebraccatus) Anolis apletophallus
Hyloscirtus palmeri Anolis capito
Hypsiboas boans Anolis elcopeensis
(Hypsiboas rosenbergi) Anolis humilis
Scinax ruber Anolis insignis
Smilisca phaeota Anolis poecilopus
Smilisca sila Anolis vittigerus
Family Leptodactylidae Family Hoplocercidae
Engystomops pustulosus Enyalioides heterolepis
Leptodactylus fragilis Family Iguanidae
Leptodactylus melanonotus Iguana iguana
Leptodactylus savagei Family Mabuyidae
Oscaecilia ochrocephala
Caecilian
Limbless & eyeless—with short
Caecilliidae
tentacle on each side of head near
nostril Least Concern
Bolitoglossa sp.
Dwarf Salamander
Plethodontidae
Very small size; large nostrils Not Assessed
Bolitoglossa biseriata
Two-lined Salamander
Plethodontidae
Least Concern
Coloration variable but generally with a lighter
dorsal field that is separated from the darker
flanks by a light lateral line, on each side of the
body
♂
Somewhat robust with powerful
limbs and pad-like, fully webbed
hands and feet
♀
Light area on top of snout
characteristic
Bolitoglossa cuna
Cuna Salamander
Plethodontidae
Data Deficient
Tail laterally compressed
Small and mottled brown, with a
short, truncated snout
Bolitoglossa medemi
Medem Salamander
Plethodontidae
Vulnerable
Juveniles are tiny
Oedipina aff. complex Worm-like with miniscule limbs
Worm Salamander
Plethodontidae
Least Concern
Juvenile
Atelopus limosus
Angular body; long, skinny limbs
Limosa Harlequin Toad
Bufonidae
Endangered
Rhaebo haematiticus
Smooth-skinned Toad
Bufonidae
Least Concern
Smooth skin; large parotoid glands; ‘dead
leaf’ color pattern
Juvenile
Huge size with enormous parotoid
glands; female with rounded warts,
Rhinella marina
male with small spines on skin
Cane Toad, Marine Toad
Bufonidae
Least Concern

♀
Juvenile
♂
When stressed, all toads can excrete a
cocktail of toxic chemicals from their pa-
rotoid glands and skin; contact with the
white, milky substance may cause eye and
skin irritation - ingesting it can be very
dangerous!
Dorsal skin granular, covered
with light-tipped bumps
Cochranella granulosa
Granular Glass Frog
Centrolenidae
Least Concern
Green bones
Eggs in large mass on
upper surface of leaf,
overhanging stream
Hyalinobatrachium cf. colymbiphyllum
Bare-hearted Glass Frog
Centrolenidae
Least Concern
Black structure present
under skin
Eggs in small, circular
mass on under surface of
leaf, overhanging stream
Heart clearly visible
White bones
Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni
Fleischmann’s Glass Frog
Centrolenidae
Truncated, vertical snout profile without raised nostrils; faint Least Concern
cream or yellow spots on a green dorsum; venter almost com-
pletely transparent—beating heart clearly visible but covered
with white membrane
Heart not visible, cov-
ered by white membrane
Huge eyes with striking reticulated
pattern
White bones
Raised nostrils give snout a truncated,
vertical profile
Sachatamia ilex
Ghost Glass Frog
Centrolenidae Organs almost entirely
Least Concern covered by white mem-
brane; green bones