American Icons: An Encyclopedia of the People, Places, and Things that Have Shaped Our Culture Three Volumes

937 Pages·2006·18.23 MB·English

by  Dennis R. Hall

American Icons:
An Encyclopedia of the
People, Places, and Things
that Have Shaped Our
Culture, Volumes 1–3
Edited by
Dennis R. Hall
Susan Grove Hall
Greenwood Press
American Icons

AMERICAN ICONS
An Encyclopedia of the People,
Places, and Things that Have
Shaped Our Culture
VOLUME ONE
Edited by Dennis R. Hall
and Susan Grove Hall
GREENWOOD PRESS
Westport, Connecticut (cid:1) London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Americanicons:anencyclopediaofthepeople,places,andthingsthathave
shapedourculture/editedbyDennisR.HallandSusanGroveHall.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0–275–98421–4(set:alk.paper)—ISBN0–275–98429–X(vol.1:alk.paper)—
ISBN0–275–98430–3(vol.2:alk.paper)—ISBN0–275–98431–1(vol.3:alk.paper)
1. UnitedStates—Civilization—Encyclopedias. 2. Popularculture—UnitedStates—
Encyclopedias. 3. Americana—Encyclopedias. I. Hall,Dennis,1942– II. Hall,
SusanG.,1941–
E169.1.A472155 2006
306.0973'03—dc22 2006006170
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable.
Copyright#2006byDennisR.HallandSusanGroveHall
Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe
reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe
expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2006006170
ISBN:0–275–98421–4(set)
0–275–98429–X(vol.1)
0–275–98430–3(vol.2)
0–275–98431–1(vol.3)
Firstpublishedin2006
GreenwoodPress,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881
AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc.
www.greenwood.com
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe
PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational
InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Guide to Related Topics xi
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
VOLUME ONE
Alamo, Richard R. Flores 1
Muhammad Ali, J. Peter Williams 9
Amish, David L. Weaver-Zercher 15
Antiperspirant, Jimmy Dean Smith 22
Art Fair, Mary Carothers and Sharon Scott 28
Fred Astaire, Michael Dunne 35
Lucille Ball, Rhonda Wilcox 40
Banjo, Jack Ashworth 45
Barbie, Dawn Heinecken 51
Bear, Richard Sanzenbacher 58
Beats, Jason R. Kirby 65
Betty Crocker, Pauline Adema 73
Bomb, Margot A. Henriksen 82
Daniel Boone, Richard Taylor 90
Boy Scout Knife, R. H. Miller 101
vi CONTENTS
Capitol, Karelisa V. Hartigan 107
Johnny Carson, David Lavery 114
Johnny Cash, Don Cusic 120
Cell Phone, John P. Ferre´ 128
Ray Charles, Reginald Martin 134
Julia Child, Sara Lewis Dunne 139
Computer Chip, Michael Bertz 145
Coney Island, Judith A. Adams-Volpe 151
Couch, Dennis Hall 159
Courtroom Trial, David Ray Papke 166
Joan Crawford, Claude J. Smith 173
Crayola Crayon, Elizabeth Armstrong Hall 180
George Armstrong Custer, Michael C. C. Adams 186
James Dean, Geoffrey Weiss 192
Dinosaur, Mark A. Wilson 198
Dollar Bill, Heinz Tschachler 205
Bob Dylan, Edward P. Comentale 213
Albert Einstein, Anthony O’Keeffe 220
Emergency Room, Robert Wolosin 226
Flea Market, Michael Prokopow 233
Ford Mustang, Susan Grove Hall 242
Gettysburg, Randal Allred 249
GI, Michael Smith 258
Golden Gate Bridge, Kenneth M. Sanderson and Laura Kennedy 266
Billy Graham, David Fillingim 271
Grateful Dead, Nicholas Meriwether 277
VOLUME TWO
Guardian Angel, Scott Vander Ploeg 285
Gun, Michael C. C. Adams 292
CONTENTS vii
Halloween Costume, Sylvia Grider 298
Hard-Boiled Detective, Brendan Riley 304
Harley-Davidson Motorcycle, Wendy Moon 310
Ernest Hemingway, R. H. Miller 316
Jimi Hendrix, Joy Haenlein 322
Audrey Hepburn, Lucy Rollin 329
Hershey Bar, Dennis Hall 336
Hollywood, Thomas B. Byers 343
Horse, Barrett Shaw 349
Indian Scout, Tom Holm 356
Martin Luther King, Jr., Ricky L. Jones 363
Evel Knievel, Randy D. McBee 369
Kodak Camera, Richard N. Masteller 375
Las Vegas, Lawrence E. Mintz 382
Rush Limbaugh, Thomas A. Greenfield 388
Charles A. Lindbergh, Roger B. Rollin 396
List, Dennis Hall 404
Log Cabin, William J. Badley with Linda Badley 412
Lorraine Motel, Thomas S. Bremer 419
Jessica Lynch, Anna Froula 425
Loretta Lynn, Don Cusic 431
MAD Magazine, Charles Hatfield 438
Madonna, Diane Pecknold 445
McDonald’s, Betsy Beaulieu 452
Mexican-American Border, Susana Perea-Fox and Iva´n Figueroa 458
Miami, Gary Harmon 465
Mickey Mouse, M. Thomas Inge 473
Miss Manners, Dennis Hall 481
Marilyn Monroe, Ann C. Hall 486
viii CONTENTS
Mount Rushmore, Susan Grove Hall with Dennis Hall 493
Muppets, Robert Barshay 501
NASCAR’s Bristol Motor Speedway, Barbara S. Hugenberg
and Lawrence W. Hugenberg 509
Niagara Falls, Patrick McGreevy 516
Jack Nicholson, Thomas A. Van 522
Olmsted Park, Thomas J. Mickey 530
One-Room Schoolhouse, Ray B. Browne 536
Oscar, Robert Holtzclaw 542
Patchwork Quilt, Judith Hatchett 549
Walter Payton, Clyde V. Williams 558
Polyester, Patricia A. Cunningham 565
Poster Child, Mary Johnson 572
Elvis Presley, George Plasketes 578
VOLUME THREE
Railroad, Arthur H. Miller 585
Robot, Ira Wells 592
Eleanor Roosevelt, Maurine H. Beasley 597
Rosie the Riveter, Kathleen L. Endres 601
Route 66, Thomas A. Greenfield 607
Babe Ruth, J. Peter Williams 614
Scrapbook, Patricia Prandini Buckler 621
Tupac Shakur, Mickey Hess 628
Spaceship, Angela Hague 634
Sports Bar, William R. Klink 641
Stadium, Sylvester Frazier, Jr. 648
Stonewall, Thomas Piontek 655
Suburbia, Philip C. Dolce 662
Superman, P. Andrew Miller 669
CONTENTS ix
Tara, Diane Calhoun-French 676
Tattoo, Karen Aubrey 683
Henry David Thoreau, Daniel S. Kerr 690
Tractor, Robert T. Rhode 698
Tupperware, Judith Hatchett 705
Underground Railroad, J. Blaine Hudson 713
Viagra, Bennett Kravitz 720
Video Game, Ken S. McAllister and Judd Ethan Ruggill 727
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Linda Marie Small 733
Wal-Mart, Richard Daniels 739
John Wayne, David Magill 746
Whistler’s Mother, Elaine A. King 752
Oprah Winfrey, R. Mark Hall 760
Witch, Linda Badley 767
Tiger Woods, Michael K. Schoenecke 776
Wright Brothers, Roger B. Rollin 783
Zipper, Robert Friedel 790
Selected Bibliography 797
Index 801
About the Contributors 849