American History Unbound: Asians and Pacific Islanders

513 Pages·2015·19.326 MB·English

by  Gary Y Okihiro

AMERICAN HISTORY UNBOUND
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AMERICAN HISTORY
UNBOUND
Asians and Pacifi c Islanders
Gary Y. Okihiro
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university
presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing
scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activi-
ties are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic
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www.ucpress.edu.
University of California Press
Oakland, California
© 2015 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Okihiro, Gary Y., author–.
American history unbound : Asians and Pacifi c Islanders / Gary Y. Okihiro.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978–0-520–27435–8 (pbk, alk. paper) —
isbn 978–0-520–96030–5 (electronic)
1. Asian Americans—History. 2. Pacifi c Islander Americans—
History. 3. United States—History I. Title.
E184.A75O378 2015
973—dc23 2014041933
Manufactured in the United States of America
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and
sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures
Natural, a fi ber that contains 30% post-consumer waste and meets the
minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48–1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of
Paper).
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations • vii
Acknowledgments • xi
Introduction • 1
PART I. WORLD HISTORY • 21
1. Ocean Worlds • 25
2. The World-System • 42
3. The United States • 62
4. Imperial Republic • 83
PART 2. MIGRANT LABOR • 113
5. Hawaiʻi • 117
6. California • 150
7. Northwest, Northeast, South, and North • 184
PART 3. DEPENDENCY • 217
8. Dependent Hawaiʻi • 221
9. San Francisco • 265
10. Seattle, New York City, Chicago • 295
PART 4. WARS AND REALIGNMENTS • 329
11. World War II • 333
12. Militarized Zones • 364
13. Global Transits • 386
14. Regenerations • 404
Notes • 445
Index • 459
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
1. World ocean • 19
2. Indian Ocean world • 29
3. Pacifi c Ocean world • 31
4. Atlantic Ocean world • 43
TABLES
1. Chinese and Japanese population in Santa Clara County, 1860–1940 • 151
2. Hawaiian and Asian populations in Hawaiʻi, 1900–1940 • 231
3. Japanese population in California, 1900–1940 • 276
FIGURES
1. Blumenbach’s racial geometry • 16
2. The Taj Mahal • 27
3. Ocean worlds • 32
4. Winee, from John Meares, Voyages Made in the Years 1788 and 1789 • 51
5. Newly arrived coolies in Trinidad, 1897 • 52
vii
6. English artist’s representation of Pocahontas • 65
7. The Boston Tea Party • 69
8. Davida Malo • 74
9. A Japanese view of Matthew Perry • 87
10. Felix C. Balderry • 90
11. John Gast, American Progress • 92
12. Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders • 94
13. Antiwar cartoon by Charles Nelan, 1898 • 96
14. Mass burial of the Sioux dead at Wounded Knee, 1890 • 97
15. Confronting the enemy, ca. 1899–1900 • 98
16. Bud Dajo massacre • 100
17. “School Begins” cartoon • 100
18. Queen Liliʻuokalani, 1913 • 107
19. Memorial to Chinese coolies on Ishigaki Island • 121
20. Chinese cane workers watched by lunas • 123
21. Chinese rice fi elds in Waipahu, Oʻahu, ca. 1912 • 124
22. Laborers’ quarters, Hilo Sugar Plantation • 128
23. Japanese woman carrying cane • 129
24. Katsu Goto gravesite • 131
25. Korean girls and women • 136
26. Sakadas • 141
27. Filipina mother and children, ca. 1906 • 143
28. Chinese migrants, 1880 • 156
29. Japanese migrant workers near Centerville, California, 1942 • 165
30. Korean contract workers at a Mexican hacienda • 168
31. Sikh gurdwara in Stockton, California, 1912 • 174
32. Paul Kane, Old Cox, a Sandwich Islander, 1846–47 • 187
33. Polly Bemis, Idaho, 1923 • 190
34. Activists on board the Komagata Maru, Vancouver, 1914 • 192
35. Gravestone of ‘Ōpūkahaʻia, Cornwall, Connecticut • 195
36. Women cane workers, Kīlauea Plantation, Kauʻai, 1888 • 226
37. Waipiʻo Valley • 228
38. Paniolo loading cattle onto a ship, Kailua-Kona • 230
viii • ILLUSTRATIONS
39. Chinese woman and child, 1914–15 • 233
40. Chinese Women’s Tea Club, August 27, 1928 • 236
41. March 1 parade in Dinuba, California, 1920 • 251
42. Korean Christian Church Korean Language School, Honolulu, ca. 1936 • 252
43. Harry Kamoku and demonstrators • 258
44. Angel Island, California, 1917 • 271
45. Chinese Ladies Garment Workers Union members on strike, 1938 • 274
46. Japanese women at Angel Island, ca. 1910 • 277
47. Meeting of the Hung Sa Dan in Los Angeles, 1916 • 283
48. Bhagat Singh Thind, 1918 • 286
49. Two families, ca. 1935 • 287
50. Racial, gender, and sexual anxieties on display at the beach • 289
51. On Leong Merchants Association Building, Chicago • 321
52. Los Angeles, June 1943 • 338
53. Honouliuli detention camp • 345
54. Raphael Weill Public School, San Francisco, 1942 • 346
55. Sakutaro Aso, 1942 • 348
56. Manzanar children’s village, 1942 • 349
57. Sister and brother, Haengju, Korea, 1951 • 370
58. Vietnamese refugees, 1984 • 388
59. Cambodian refugee mother and child, Thailand, 1979 • 390
60. Kahoʻolawe coastline • 411
61. Hōkūle‘a off the coast of Molokaʻi, 1997 • 413
62. Cover of Gidra, March 1970 • 419
63. UAW members bashing a Toyota Corolla with sledgehammers, 1981 • 422
64. Great American Strike, Los Angeles, 2006 • 434
65. Detainees kneeling on gravel at Guantanamo, 2002 • 437
ILLUSTRATIONS • ix
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