Table Of ContentACW-PS.tpgs 9/29/03 3:25 PM Page 1
American
Civil War
Primary Sources
ACW-PS.tpgs 9/29/03 3:25 PM Page 3
American
Civil War
Primary Sources
Kevin Hillstrom
and
Laurie Collier
Hillstrom
Lawrence W. Baker, Editor
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s Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom
e
c Staff
r
u Lawrence W. Baker, U•X•L Senior Editor
Carol DeKane Nagel, U•X•L Managing Editor
o
Tom Romig, U•X•L Publisher
S
Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer
y
Evi Seoud, Assistant Production Manager
r
Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager
a
Mary Beth Trimper, Production Director
m
Michelle DiMercurio, Art Director
i
r Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager
P
Shalice Shah-Caldwell, Permissions Specialist
: Pamela Reed, Imaging Coordinator
r
Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Cataloger
a
Robert Duncan, Senior Imaging Specialist
W
Michael Logusz, Imaging Specialist
Randy A. Bassett, Image Database Supervisor
l Barbara J. Yarrow, Imaging and Multimedia Content Manager
i
v
Marco Di Vita, Graphix Group, Typesetting
i
C
n
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
a
Hillstrom, Kevin, 1963–
c
American Civil War. Primary sources / Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier
i
r Hillstrom ; Lawrence W. Baker, editor.
e p. cm.
m Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7876-3824-2
A 1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865–Sources—Juvenile liter-
ature. I. Hillstrom, Laurie Collier, 1965– II. Baker, Lawrence W. III. Title.
E464.H55 1999
973.7—dc21 99-046919
This publication is a creative work copyrighted by U•X•L and fully pro-
tected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation,
trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The author
and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual mate-
rial herein through one or more of the following: unique and original se-
lection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the
information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Cover photographs reproduced courtesy of the Library of Congress and
the National Archives and Records Administration.
Copyright © 2000
U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group
27500 Drake Road
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535
All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in
any form.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
Advisory Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Reader’s Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
American Civil War Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Research and Activity Ideas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Chapter 1—Harriet Beecher Stowe:
Excerpt from Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A novel about the evils of slavery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2—Theodore Upson:
Excerpt from Journal of Theodore Upson
A family’s reaction to the start of the Civil War . . . . . . . 15
Chapter 3—Frederick Douglass:
Excerpt from “The American Apocalypse”
An abolitionist argues that a Union with slavery
is not worth saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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Chapter 4—Frank Holsinger:
Excerpt from “How Does One Feel Under Fire”
A soldier writes about his fears on the battlefield . . . . . . 37
Chapter 5—William Willis Blackford:
Excerpt from War Years with Jeb Stuart
A Confederate officer describes a daring cavalry raid . . . . 49
Chapter 6—Abraham Lincoln:
The Emancipation Proclamation
The president frees the slaves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chapter 7—Richard Cordley:
Account of William C. Quantrill’s 1863 Raid on
Lawrence, Kansas
A survivor details a bloody massacre of civilians . . . . . . 73
Chapter 8—James Henry Gooding:
A Black Soldier’s Letter to President Abraham Lincoln
An appeal for equal pay for black soldiers . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 9—Abraham Lincoln:
The Gettysburg Address
The president mourns fallen soldiers . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Chapter 10—Edmund DeWitt Patterson:
Excerpt from Journal of Edmund DeWitt Patterson
A captured Confederate soldier records his thoughts . . . . 107
Chapter 11—William T. Sherman:
Correspondence with the City Leaders of Atlanta, Georgia
A Union general responds to pleas to spare a city . . . . . 121
Chapter 12—General Horace Porter:
Excerpt from “The Surrender at Appomattox Court House”
An eyewitness account of Lee’s surrender to Grant . . . . . 135
Chapter 13—Gideon Welles:
Excerpt from Diary of Gideon Welles
A Cabinet member recalls the day President Lincoln died . . 149
vi American Civil War: Primary Sources
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Chapter 14—Henry McNeal Turner:
Excerpt from “I Claim the Rights of a Man”
An expelled black senator defends his right to hold office. . 163
Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxix
Contents vii
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Advisory Board
Special thanks are due to U•X•L’s Civil War Reference Li-
brary advisors for their invaluable comments and sugges-
tions:
• Deborah Hammer, Former Librarian, Queens Borough
Public Library, Jamaica, New York
• Ann Marie LaPrise, Librarian, Detroit Public Library, Elm-
wood Park Branch, Detroit, Michigan
• Susan Richards, Media Specialist, Northwest Junior High
School, Coralville, Iowa
viii
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Reader’s Guide
American Civil War: Primary Sourcespresents fourteen full or
excerpted documents written by people who participated
in the events of the Civil War. These documents range from
notable speeches that mark important points in the conflict
to personal diaries and letters that reflect the hopes, dreams,
fears, and experiences of ordinary soldiers and civilians of the
era. Some of the selections discuss highly personal issues,
such as the terror of being in combat. Others chronicle events
that fundamentally altered the course of the Civil War, like
President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and
the letters between Union general William T. Sherman and
Atlanta, Georgia, city leaders, relating to the 1864 fall of At-
lanta. Further, the works included in this volume present a
wide range of perspectives on the conflict. Some entries pro-
vide insights into the feelings of men and women who were
devoted to the Confederacy, for example, while others pro-
vide a glimpse into the motivations of equally dedicated
Union loyalists.
Each excerpt presented in American Civil War: Primary
Sourcesincludes the following additional material:
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• An introductionplaces the document and its author in a
historical context.
• “Things to remember while reading…” offers readers
important background information and directs them to
central ideas in the text.
• “What happened next…”provides an account of subse-
quent events, both in the war and in the life of the author.
• “Did you know…” provides significant and interesting
facts about the document, the author, or the events dis-
cussed.
• “For further reading”lists sources for more information
on the author, the topic, or the document.
Other features of American Civil War: Primary Sources
include short biographies of featured authors, photographs
and illustrations depicting the personalities and events dis-
cussed in the documents, and sidebars presenting additional
information on unusual or significant aspects of the issue or
event under discussion. In addition, a glossary runs alongside
each primary document that defines unfamiliar terms and
ideas contained in the material. Finally, American Civil War:
Primary Sources provides an “American Civil War Timeline”
that lists significant dates and events of the Civil War era and
a cumulative subject index.
American Civil War Reference Library
American Civil War: Primary Sources is only one com-
ponent of a three-part American Civil War Reference Library.
The other two titles in this multivolume set are:
• American Civil War: Almanac: This work presents a com-
prehensive overview of the Civil War. The volume’s four-
teen chapters cover all aspects of the conflict, from the
prewar issues and events that divided the nation to the
war itself—an epic struggle from 1861 to 1865 that
changed the political and social landscape of America for-
ever. The chapters are arranged chronologically and ex-
plore such topics as the events leading up to the war,
slavery, Europe’s view of the war, the secession of South-
ern states, various Civil War battles, and Reconstruction.
Also included are two chapters that cover two unique
x American Civil War: Primary Sources
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groups during the Civil War: women and blacks. The Al-
manacalso contains over ninety photographs and maps,
“Words to Know” and “People to Know” sections, a time-
line, and an index.
• American Civil War: Biographies: This two-volume set pre-
sents profiles of sixty important figures from the Civil
War era. The essays cover such key people as politicians
Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis; military figures
Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, David Farragut, and Brax-
ton Bragg; and nurse Clara Barton, spy Rose O’Neal
Greenhow, and photographer Mathew Brady. The vol-
umes are filled with photographs, individual “Words to
Know” sections, and an index.
• A cumulative index of all three titles in the American
Civil War Reference Library is also available.
Acknowledgments
The authors extend thanks to Larry Baker and Tom
Romig at U•X•L for their assistance throughout the produc-
tion of this series. Thanks, too, to Christine Alexanian for her
quick and thorough copyediting and Amy Marcaccio Keyzer
for lending her considerable editorial talents in the form of
proofreading. The editor wishes to thank Marco Di Vita at
Graphix Group for always working with common sense, flex-
ibility, speed, and, above all, quality. Admiration, love, and a
warm hug go to Beth Baker for her year of bravery. And, final-
ly, a very special hello goes to Charlie and Dane, whose deci-
sion to move up their pub date made the Summer of ’99 so
very interesting.
Comments and suggestions
We welcome your comments on American Civil War:
Primary Sources and suggestions for other topics in history to
consider. Please write: Editors, American Civil War: Primary
Sources,U•X•L, 27500 Drake Rd., Farmington Hills, Michigan
48331-3535; call toll-free: 800-877-4253; fax to 248-414-5043;
or send e-mail via http://www.galegroup.com.
Reader’s Guide xi
