American Anthropology, 1921-1945: Papers from the "American Anthropologist"

556 Pages·2002·2.04 MB·English

by  George W. Stocking Jr. (ed.)

american anthropology, 1921–1945

American Anthropology
1921–1945
Papers from the American Anthropologist
edited and with an introduction
by george w. stocking jr.
university of nebraska press
lincoln and london
∫ 1976 by the American Anthropological Association
The introduction, ‘‘Ideas and Institutions in American Anthropology:
Thoughts toward a History of the Interwar Years,’’ copyright ∫
1976 by George W. Stocking Jr., was published in The Ethnographer’s Magic and Other
Essays in the History of Anthropology (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), and is
reproduced here by permission of the author and the University of Wisconsin Press.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
!
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
American anthropology, 1921–1945 : papers from the American anthropologist / edited
and with an introduction by George W. Stocking, Jr.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
isbn 0-8032-9296-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Anthropology. I. Stocking, George W., 1928– II. American anthropologist.
gn29 .a4223 2002
301—dc21 2002022325
Contents
Preface ix
introduction: thoughts toward a history of the interwar
years 1
George W. Stocking Jr.
I. The Twenties 75
american culture and the northwest coast 77
A. L. Kroeber
review of a. r. brown, the andaman islanders 94
Robert H. Lowie
diffusion as a criterion of age 98
Wilson D. Wallis
miwok lineages and the political unit in aboriginal
california 107
Edward Winslow Gifford
the origin of the skidi pawnee sacrifice to the morning star 118
Ralph Linton
review of franz boas, primitive art 127
A. L. Kroeber
review of roland b. dixon, the building of cultures 130
Leslie Spier
problems arising from the cultural position of the havasupai 135
Leslie Spier
II. Innovations 147
review of robert redfield, tepoztlan 149
A. L. Kroeber
configurations of culture in north america 151
Ruth Benedict
the science of culture 180
George Peter Murdock
contents
vi
more comprehensive field methods 198
Margaret Mead
culture changes in yucatan 214
Robert Redfield
some empirical aspects of northern salteaux religion 228
A. I. Hallowell
kinship terminologies in california 245
A. R. Radcliffe-Brown
kinship and history 252
A. L. Kroeber
memorandum for the study of acculturation 257
Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville J. Herskovits
historical changes in the choctaw kinship system 263
Fred Eggan
review of fred eggan (ed.), social organization of north american
tribes 284
Julian H. Steward
III. Sub-Disciplines 289
the plains culture area in the light of archaeology 291
W. D. Strong
an outline of the problem of man’s antiquity in north
america 309
Edgar B. Howard
the comparative linguistics of uto-aztecan 331
B. L. Whorf
internal linguistic evidence suggestive of the northern origin of
the navaho 341
Edward Sapir
on being unhistorical 354
C. F. Voegelin
a method for phonetic accuracy and speed 363
Morris Swadesh
blood group determinations of prehistoric american indians 370
Leland C. Wyman and William C. Boyd
fossil man and the origin of races 381
W. W. Howells
IV. Reconsiderations 395
review of robert h. lowie, the crow indians 397
Clark Wissler
contents
vii
the dual organizations of the ramko’kamekra (canella) of
northern brazil 401
Curt Nimuendajú and Robert H. Lowie
linguistic distributions and political groups of the great basin
shoshoneans 421
Julian H. Steward
a problem in kinship terminology 433
Leslie A. White
review of abram kardiner, the individual and his society 442
Scudder Mekeel
some comments on the study of cultural contact 448
Melville J. Herskovits
acquired drives in culture contact 459
John Gillin
covert culture and administrative problems 470
Clyde Kluckhohn
on the concept of culture and some cultural fallacies 488
David Bidney
socialization, personality, and the structure of pueblo society
(with particular reference to hopi and zuni) 505
Esther S. Goldfrank
V. Applications 537
american anthropological association resolution on racial
theories 539
applied anthropology and its relationship to anthropology 540
John F. Embree

Preface
When I began active work on this anthology I did not plan such an
extensive introductory essay. I had not done systematic work on much of
the interwar period, and I felt that all I could attempt in the time available
would be a briefer overview based on existing sources. Although still
based on such sources, and on my own previous work in other contexts,
the present essay ended up rather more ambitious than originally in-
tended. Even so, it is still frankly an overview, and subject to all the
defects of that form. There are surely topics and people barely men-
tioned or totally omitted that might be better treated in a different or
larger framework. To those disturbed by such neglect I apologize, ap-
pealing to the tentativeness of my title. I would like to feel that the essay
will be of some moderately enduring value, but I am sure that more
detailed research would force modifications in the argument—the more
so since the pressure of time did not allow me to take full advantage of
collegial criticism. Even so, I have accumulated many debts. In addition
to the people mentioned below in the two notes on sources and selection
who generously offered me advice or provided me with materials—
several of whom did in fact comment on the completed manuscript—I
would like to thank a number of others unmentioned elsewhere. Barry
Karl was very helpful in orienting me bibliographically. Harry Basehart,
Bill Fenton, Al Lesser and Leonard Outhwaite provided information on
specific points. In a more general way, I have profited greatly from the
memories of Fred Eggan and Sol Tax. Robert Murphy, the editor of the
subsequent volume in this set, was very cooperative—consulting where
necessary, but generally sharing my laissez-faire attitude toward our
parallel, but distinct, enterprises. Edward Lehman was helpful on the
technical aspects of compiling the anthology, and even more so by recog-
nizing the importance of purely scholarly criteria in a period when they