Amazon Route 53

476 Pages·2017·3.65 MB·English

Amazon Route 53
Developer Guide
API Version 2013-04-01
Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide
Amazon Route 53: Developer Guide
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Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide
Table of Contents
What is Amazon Route 53? .................................................................................................................. 1
How domain registration works ................................................................................................... 1
How internet traffic is routed to your website or web application ..................................................... 2
Overview of how you configure Amazon Route 53 to route internet traffic for your domain .......... 3
How Amazon Route 53 routes traffic for your domain ............................................................. 3
How Amazon Route 53 checks the health of your resources ............................................................. 5
Amazon Route 53 concepts ......................................................................................................... 6
Domain registration concepts.............................................................................................. 6
Domain Name System (DNS) concepts .................................................................................. 7
Control and data plane concepts ........................................................................................ 11
Health checking concepts .................................................................................................. 11
How to get started with Amazon Route 53 .................................................................................. 12
Related services....................................................................................................................... 12
Accessing Amazon Route 53 ...................................................................................................... 12
AWS Identity and Access Management ........................................................................................ 13
Amazon Route 53 pricing and billing .......................................................................................... 13
Setting up....................................................................................................................................... 14
Sign up for AWS ...................................................................................................................... 14
Access your account .................................................................................................................. 14
Access the console ............................................................................................................ 15
Access the API, AWS CLI, AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell, or the AWS SDKs ........................ 15
Create an IAM user ................................................................................................................... 15
Set up the AWS Command Line Interface or AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell .............................. 16
Download an AWS SDK ............................................................................................................. 17
Getting started ................................................................................................................................ 18
Use your domain for a static website .......................................................................................... 18
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................... 19
Step 1: Register a domain ................................................................................................. 19
Step 2: Create an S3 bucket for your root domain ................................................................ 21
Step 3 (optional): Create another S3 Bucket, for your subdomain ............................................ 21
Step 4: Set up your root domain bucket for website hosting .................................................. 21
Step 5 : (optional): Set up your subdomain bucket for website redirect ..................................... 22
Step 6: Upload index to create website content ................................................................... 23
Step 7: Edit S3 Block Public Access settings ......................................................................... 23
Step 8: Attach a bucket policy ........................................................................................... 24
Step 9: Test your domain endpoint ..................................................................................... 24
Step 10: Route DNS traffic for your domain to your website bucket ......................................... 25
Step 11: Test your website ................................................................................................ 26
Step 12 (optional): Use Amazon CloudFront to speed up distribution of your content ................. 26
Use an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve a static website .................................................... 27
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................... 27
Step 1: Register a domain ................................................................................................. 27
Step 2: Request a public certificate ..................................................................................... 29
Step 3: Create an S3 bucket to host your subdomain ............................................................ 30
Step 4 : Create another S3 bucket, for your root domain ....................................................... 30
Step 5: Upload website files to your subdomain bucket ......................................................... 31
Step 6: Set up your root domain bucket for website redirect .................................................. 31
Step 7: Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for your subdomain .................................... 32
Step 8: Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for your root domain .................................. 32
Step 9: Route DNS traffic for your domain to your CloudFront distribution ............................... 33
Step 10 : Test your website ............................................................................................... 34
Integration with other services........................................................................................................... 36
Logging, monitoring, and tagging.............................................................................................. 36
Routing traffic to other AWS resources ....................................................................................... 36
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DNS domain name format................................................................................................................. 39
Formatting domain names for domain name registration .............................................................. 39
Formatting domain names for hosted zones and records ............................................................... 39
Using an asterisk (*) in the names of hosted zones and records ...................................................... 40
Formatting internationalized domain names ................................................................................ 41
Registering domain names ................................................................................................................ 42
Registering domains................................................................................................................. 42
Registering a new domain ................................................................................................. 43
Values that you specify when you register or transfer a domain .............................................. 48
Values that Amazon Route 53 returns when you register a domain ......................................... 52
Viewing the status of a domain registration ......................................................................... 53
Updating settings for a domain ................................................................................................. 53
Updating contact information and ownership for a domain .................................................... 53
Enabling or disabling privacy protection for contact information for a domain .......................... 58
Enabling or disabling automatic renewal for a domain .......................................................... 60
Locking a domain to prevent unauthorized transfer to another registrar .................................. 60
Extending the registration period for a domain .................................................................... 61
Adding or changing name servers and glue records for a domain ............................................ 62
Renewing registration for a domain............................................................................................ 64
Restoring an expired or deleted domain ...................................................................................... 66
Replacing the hosted zone for a domain ..................................................................................... 67
Transferring domains................................................................................................................ 68
Transferring domain registration to Route 53 ....................................................................... 68
Viewing the status of a domain transfer.............................................................................. 79
How transferring a domain to Route 53 affects the expiration date ......................................... 81
Transferring a domain to a different AWS account ................................................................ 82
Transferring a domain from Route 53 ................................................................................. 84
Resending authorization and confirmation emails ......................................................................... 87
Updating your email address ............................................................................................. 88
Resending emails............................................................................................................. 88
Configuring DNSSEC for a domain .............................................................................................. 91
Overview of how DNSSEC protects your domain .................................................................. 91
Prerequisites and maximums for configuring DNSSEC for a domain ......................................... 92
Adding public keys for a domain ........................................................................................ 92
Deleting public keys for a domain ...................................................................................... 93
Finding your registrar............................................................................................................... 94
Viewing information about domains................................................................................... 94
Deleting a domain name registration .......................................................................................... 95
Contacting AWS Support about domain registration issues ............................................................ 97
Contacting AWS Support when you can sign in to your AWS account ....................................... 97
Contacting AWS Support when you can't sign in to your AWS account ..................................... 98
Downloading a domain billing report .......................................................................................... 98
Domains that you can register with Amazon Route 53 ................................................................... 99
Index to supported top-level domains ............................................................................... 100
Generic top-level domains ............................................................................................... 103
Geographic top-level domains .......................................................................................... 268
Configuring Amazon Route 53 as your DNS service ............................................................................. 309
Making Route 53 the DNS service for an existing domain ............................................................. 309
Making Route 53 the DNS service for a domain that's in use ................................................. 310
Making Route 53 the DNS service for an inactive domain ..................................................... 315
Configuring DNS routing for a new domain ............................................................................... 318
Routing traffic to your resources .............................................................................................. 319
Routing traffic for subdomains ......................................................................................... 319
Working with hosted zones ...................................................................................................... 323
Working with public hosted zones .................................................................................... 323
Working with private hosted zones ................................................................................... 340
Migrating a hosted zone to a different AWS account ........................................................... 348
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Working with records .............................................................................................................. 355
Choosing a routing policy ................................................................................................ 355
Choosing between alias and non-alias records .................................................................... 368
Supported DNS record types ............................................................................................ 371
Creating records by using the Amazon Route 53 console ...................................................... 381
Resource record set permissions ...................................................................................... 382
Values you specify .......................................................................................................... 383
Creating records by importing a zone file .......................................................................... 435
Editing records............................................................................................................... 437
Deleting records............................................................................................................. 437
Listing records................................................................................................................ 438
Using traffic flow to route DNS traffic ....................................................................................... 439
Creating and managing traffic policies .............................................................................. 440
Creating and managing policy records ............................................................................... 450
Configuring DNSSEC signing .................................................................................................... 453
Enabling DNSSEC signing and establishing a chain of trust .................................................. 454
Disabling DNSSEC signing ................................................................................................ 460
Working with customer managed keys .............................................................................. 463
Working with key-signing keys (KSKs) ............................................................................... 464
KMS key and ZSK management in Route 53 ....................................................................... 465
DNSSEC proofs of nonexistence in Route 53 ...................................................................... 466
Troubleshooting DNSSEC signing ...................................................................................... 467
Using AWS Cloud Map to create records and health checks .......................................................... 468
DNS constraints and behaviors ................................................................................................. 468
Maximum response size ................................................................................................... 468
Authoritative section processing ....................................................................................... 468
Additional section processing ........................................................................................... 468
What is Route 53 Resolver? .............................................................................................................. 469
Resolving DNS queries between VPCs and your network .............................................................. 471
How DNS resolvers on your network forward DNS queries to Route 53 Resolver endpoints ........ 473
How Route 53 Resolver endpoint forwards DNS queries from your VPCs to your network .......... 473
Considerations when creating inbound and outbound endpoints ........................................... 478
Getting started with Route 53 Resolver ..................................................................................... 480
Forwarding inbound DNS queries to your VPCs .......................................................................... 481
Configuring inbound forwarding ....................................................................................... 481
Values that you specify when you create or edit inbound endpoints ...................................... 481
Forwarding outbound DNS queries to your network .................................................................... 483
Configuring outbound forwarding .................................................................................... 483
Values that you specify when you create or edit outbound endpoints .................................... 484
Values that you specify when you create or edit rules ......................................................... 485
Managing inbound endpoints................................................................................................... 486
Viewing and editing inbound endpoints............................................................................ 486
Viewing the status for inbound endpoints......................................................................... 487
Deleting inbound endpoints............................................................................................. 487
Managing outbound endpoints................................................................................................. 488
Viewing and editing outbound endpoints.......................................................................... 488
Viewing the status for outbound endpoints....................................................................... 488
Deleting outbound endpoints........................................................................................... 489
Managing forwarding rules ...................................................................................................... 490
Viewing and editing forwarding rules ................................................................................ 490
Creating forwarding rules ................................................................................................ 490
Adding rules for reverse lookup ....................................................................................... 491
Associating forwarding rules with a VPC ............................................................................ 491
Disassociating forwarding rules from a VPC ....................................................................... 491
Sharing forwarding rules with other AWS accounts and using shared rules ............................. 492
Deleting forwarding rules ................................................................................................ 494
Forwarding rules for reverse DNS queries in Resolver .......................................................... 494
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Enabling DNSSEC validation ..................................................................................................... 495
Routing internet traffic to your AWS resources ................................................................................... 496
Amazon API Gateway API ........................................................................................................ 496
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 497
Configuring Route 53 to route traffic to an API Gateway endpoint ........................................ 497
Amazon CloudFront distribution ............................................................................................... 498
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 499
Configuring Amazon Route 53 to route traffic to a CloudFront distribution ............................. 499
Amazon EC2 instance .............................................................................................................. 500
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 501
Configuring Amazon Route 53 to route traffic to an Amazon EC2 instance .............................. 501
App Runner service ................................................................................................................. 502
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 502
Configuring Amazon Route 53 to route traffic to an App Runner service ................................. 503
AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment .......................................................................................... 504
Deploying an application into an Elastic Beanstalk environment ........................................... 504
Getting the domain name for your Elastic Beanstalk environment ......................................... 504
Creating a Route 53 record .............................................................................................. 505
ELB load balancer ................................................................................................................... 507
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 507
Configuring Amazon Route 53 to route traffic to an ELB load balancer ................................... 507
Amazon S3 bucket .................................................................................................................. 509
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 509
Configuring Amazon Route 53 to route traffic to an S3 Bucket ............................................. 510
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud interface endpoint ........................................................................ 511
Prerequisites.................................................................................................................. 511
Amazon VPC interface endpoint ....................................................................................... 511
Amazon WorkMail.................................................................................................................. 513
Other AWS resources .............................................................................................................. 514
Creating health checks and configuring DNS failover ........................................................................... 515
Types of health checks ............................................................................................................ 515
How Route 53 determines whether a health check is healthy ....................................................... 516
How Route 53 determines the status of health checks that monitor an endpoint ..................... 517
How Route 53 determines the status of health checks that monitor other health checks ........... 518
How Route 53 determines the status of health checks that monitor CloudWatch alarms ........... 518
Creating, updating, and deleting health checks .......................................................................... 518
Creating and updating health checks ................................................................................ 519
Values that you specify when you create or update health checks ......................................... 519
Values that Route 53 displays when you create a health check .............................................. 528
Updating health checks when you change CloudWatch alarm settings ................................... 528
Deleting health checks.................................................................................................... 528
Updating or deleting health checks when DNS failover is configured ..................................... 529
Configuring router and firewall rules for health checks ........................................................ 529
Monitoring health check status and getting notifications ............................................................. 530
Viewing health check status and the reason for health check failures ..................................... 530
Monitoring the latency between health checkers and your endpoint ...................................... 531
Monitoring health checks using CloudWatch ...................................................................... 532
Configuring DNS failover ......................................................................................................... 536
Task list for configuring DNS failover ................................................................................ 537
How health checks work in simple configurations ............................................................... 538
How health checks work in complex configurations ............................................................. 541
How Route 53 chooses records when health checking is configured ....................................... 546
Active-active and active-passive failover ............................................................................ 547
Configuring failover in a private hosted zone ..................................................................... 550
How Route 53 averts failover problems ............................................................................. 550
Naming and tagging health checks........................................................................................... 551
Tag restrictions.............................................................................................................. 551
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Adding, editing, and deleting tags for health checks ........................................................... 552
Using API versions before 2012-12-12 ...................................................................................... 553
Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall ....................................................................................................... 554
How Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall works ............................................................................... 554
DNS Firewall components and settings .............................................................................. 555
How Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall filters DNS queries ..................................................... 556
High-level steps for using DNS Firewall ............................................................................. 556
Using DNS Firewall rule groups in multiple Regions ............................................................ 557
Getting started with Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall .................................................................. 557
Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall walled garden example ...................................................... 557
Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall block list example ............................................................. 559
DNS Firewall rule groups and rules ........................................................................................... 560
Rule group settings in DNS Firewall .................................................................................. 560
Rule settings in DNS Firewall ........................................................................................... 561
Rule actions in DNS Firewall ............................................................................................ 561
Managing rule groups and rules in DNS Firewall ................................................................. 562
Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall domain lists .............................................................................. 563
AWS Managed Domain Lists ............................................................................................. 564
Managing your own domain lists ...................................................................................... 566
Configuring query logging for DNS Firewall ....................................................................... 567
Sharing rule groups between accounts ...................................................................................... 568
Enabling DNS Firewall protections for your VPC ......................................................................... 570
Managing associations between your VPC and firewall rule groups ........................................ 570
DNS Firewall VPC configuration ........................................................................................ 571
Creating AWS CloudFormation resources ........................................................................................... 573
Route 53, Route 53 Resolver, and AWS CloudFormation templates ................................................ 573
Learn more about AWS CloudFormation .................................................................................... 574
Security......................................................................................................................................... 575
Data protection...................................................................................................................... 575
Protection from dangling delegation records ...................................................................... 576
Identity and access management .............................................................................................. 576
Authenticating with identities.......................................................................................... 577
Access control................................................................................................................ 579
Overview of managing access .......................................................................................... 579
Using IAM policies for Route 53 ........................................................................................ 582
Using Service-Linked Roles .............................................................................................. 590
AWS managed policies .................................................................................................... 593
Using IAM policy conditions to manage resource record sets ................................................. 599
Route 53 API permissions reference .................................................................................. 603
Logging and monitoring.......................................................................................................... 603
Compliance validation............................................................................................................. 604
Resilience.............................................................................................................................. 605
Infrastructure security............................................................................................................. 605
Monitoring..................................................................................................................................... 606
Public DNS query logging ........................................................................................................ 606
Configuring logging for DNS queries................................................................................. 607
Using Amazon CloudWatch to access DNS query logs .......................................................... 608
Changing the retention period for logs and exporting logs to Amazon S3 ............................... 608
Stopping query logging ................................................................................................... 608
Values that appear in DNS query logs ............................................................................... 609
Query log example ......................................................................................................... 610
Resolver query logging ............................................................................................................ 610
Resources that you can send Resolver query logs to ............................................................ 611
Managing configurations................................................................................................ 612
Monitoring domain registrations ............................................................................................... 617
Monitoring your resources with Amazon Route 53 health checks and Amazon CloudWatch ............... 618
Metrics and dimensions for health checks.......................................................................... 618
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Monitoring hosted zones using Amazon CloudWatch ................................................................... 620
CloudWatch metric for Route 53 public hosted zones .......................................................... 620
CloudWatch dimension for Route 53 public hosted zone metrics ........................................... 621
Monitoring Route 53 Resolver endpoints with Amazon CloudWatch .............................................. 621
Metrics and dimensions for Resolver ................................................................................. 622
Monitoring Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall rule groups with Amazon CloudWatch .......................... 624
Metrics and dimensions for DNS Firewall ........................................................................... 624
Logging Amazon Route 53 API calls with AWS CloudTrail ............................................................. 626
Route 53 information in CloudTrail ................................................................................... 626
Viewing Route 53 events in event history .......................................................................... 627
Understanding Route 53 log file entries ............................................................................ 627
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................. 633
My domain is unavailable on the internet .................................................................................. 633
You registered a new domain, but you didn't click the link in the confirmation email ................ 633
You transferred domain registration to Amazon Route 53, but you didn't transfer DNS service ... 634
You transferred domain registration and specified the wrong name servers in the domain
settings......................................................................................................................... 634
You transferred DNS service first, but you didn't wait long enough before transferring domain
registration.................................................................................................................... 635
You deleted the hosted zone that Route 53 is using to route internet traffic for the domain ...... 636
Your domain has been suspended .................................................................................... 636
My domain is suspended (status is ClientHold)........................................................................... 637
You registered a new domain, but you didn't click the link in the confirmation email ................ 637
You disabled automatic renewal for the domain, and the domain expired ............................... 638
You changed the email address for the registrant contact, but you didn't verify that the new
email address is valid ...................................................................................................... 638
We couldn't process your payment for automatic domain renewal, and the domain expired ....... 638
We suspended the domain for a violation of the AWS Acceptable Use Policy ........................... 638
We suspended the domain because of a court order ........................................................... 639
Transferring my domain to Amazon Route 53 failed .................................................................... 639
You didn't click the link in the authorization email .............................................................. 639
The authorization code that you got from the current registrar is not valid ............................. 639
"Parameters in request are not valid" error when trying to transfer a .es domain to Amazon
Route 53........................................................................................................................ 640
Is the internationalized domain name you're transferring to Amazon Route 53 listed in
punycode?..................................................................................................................... 640
I changed DNS settings, but they haven't taken effect ................................................................. 640
You transferred DNS service to Amazon Route 53 in the last 48 hours, so DNS is still using your
previous DNS service ....................................................................................................... 640
You recently transferred DNS service to Amazon Route 53, but you didn't update the name
servers with the domain registrar ..................................................................................... 641
DNS resolvers still are using the old settings for the record .................................................. 642
You have more than one hosted zone with the same name, and you updated the one that isn't
associated with the domain............................................................................................. 642
My browser displays a "Server not found" error .......................................................................... 643
You didn't create a record for the domain or subdomain name ............................................. 643
You created a record but specified the wrong value ............................................................ 643
The resource that you're routing traffic to is unavailable ...................................................... 644
I can't route traffic to an Amazon S3 bucket that's configured for website hosting ........................... 644
I was billed twice for the same hosted zone .............................................................................. 644
My AWS account is closed, suspended, or terminated, and my domain is registered with Route 53 ...... 644
IP address ranges........................................................................................................................... 646
Tagging resources........................................................................................................................... 647
Tutorials........................................................................................................................................ 648
Using Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service for subdomains without migrating the parent domain ..... 648
Creating a subdomain that uses Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service without migrating the
parent domain............................................................................................................... 648
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Migrating DNS service for a subdomain to Amazon Route 53 without migrating the parent
domain.......................................................................................................................... 650
Transitioning to latency-based routing in Amazon Route 53 ......................................................... 653
Adding another Region to your latency-based routing in Amazon Route 53 .................................... 654
Using latency and weighted records in Amazon Route 53 to route traffic to multiple Amazon EC2
instances in a Region .............................................................................................................. 656
Managing over 100 weighted records in Amazon Route 53 ........................................................... 656
Weighting fault-tolerant multi-record answers in Amazon Route 53 .............................................. 657
Best practices................................................................................................................................. 659
Best practices for Amazon Route 53 DNS ................................................................................... 659
Best practices for Resolver ....................................................................................................... 660
Avoid loop configurations with Resolver endpoints ............................................................. 661
Resolver endpoint scaling ................................................................................................ 661
High availability for Resolver endpoints ............................................................................. 661
DNS zone walking .......................................................................................................... 662
Best practices for Amazon Route 53 health checks ...................................................................... 662
Best practices for Elastic IP addresses for health checks ....................................................... 662
Quotas.......................................................................................................................................... 663
Using Service Quotas to view and manage quotas ...................................................................... 663
Quotas on entities.................................................................................................................. 663
Quotas on domains........................................................................................................ 664
Quotas on hosted zones .................................................................................................. 664
Quotas on records .......................................................................................................... 664
Quotas on Route 53 Resolver ........................................................................................... 665
Quotas on health checks................................................................................................. 667
Quotas on query log configurations .................................................................................. 667
Quotas on traffic flow policies and policy records ............................................................... 667
Quotas on reusable delegation sets .................................................................................. 668
Maximums on API requests ...................................................................................................... 668
Number of elements and characters in ChangeResourceRecordSets requests..................... 668
Frequency of Amazon Route 53 API requests ..................................................................... 668
Frequency of Route 53 Resolver API requests ..................................................................... 669
Related information........................................................................................................................ 670
AWS resources........................................................................................................................ 670
Third-party tools and libraries .................................................................................................. 671
Graphical user interfaces ......................................................................................................... 672
Document history........................................................................................................................... 673
2022 releases......................................................................................................................... 673
2021 releases......................................................................................................................... 674
2020 releases......................................................................................................................... 674
2018 releases......................................................................................................................... 674
2017 releases......................................................................................................................... 675
2016 releases......................................................................................................................... 676
2015 releases......................................................................................................................... 679
2014 releases......................................................................................................................... 680
2013 releases......................................................................................................................... 682
2012 release.......................................................................................................................... 683
2011 releases......................................................................................................................... 683
2010 release.......................................................................................................................... 684
AWS glossary................................................................................................................................. 685
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How domain registration works
What is Amazon Route 53?
Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS) web service. You can
use Route 53 to perform three main functions in any combination: domain registration, DNS routing, and
health checking.
If you choose to use Route 53 for all three functions, be sure to follow the order below:
1. Register domain names
Your website needs a name, such as example.com. Route 53 lets you register a name for your
website or web application, known as a domain name.
• For an overview, see How domain registration works (p. 1).
• For a procedure, see Registering a new domain (p. 43).
• For a tutorial that takes you through registering a domain and creating a simple website in an
Amazon S3 bucket, see Getting started with Amazon Route 53 (p. 18).
2. Route internet traffic to the resources for your domain
When a user opens a web browser and enters your domain name (example.com) or subdomain name
(acme.example.com) in the address bar, Route 53 helps connect the browser with your website or
web application.
• For an overview, see How internet traffic is routed to your website or web application (p. 2).
• For procedures, see Configuring Amazon Route 53 as your DNS service (p. 309).
• For a procedure on how to route email to Amazon WorkMail, see Routing traffic to Amazon
WorkMail (p. 513).
3. Check the health of your resources
Route 53 sends automated requests over the internet to a resource, such as a web server, to verify
that it's reachable, available, and functional. You also can choose to receive notifications when a
resource becomes unavailable and choose to route internet traffic away from unhealthy resources.
• For an overview, see How Amazon Route 53 checks the health of your resources (p. 5).
• For procedures, see Creating Amazon Route 53 health checks and configuring DNS
failover (p. 515).
Topics
• How domain registration works (p. 1)
• How internet traffic is routed to your website or web application (p. 2)
• How Amazon Route 53 checks the health of your resources (p. 5)
• Amazon Route 53 concepts (p. 6)
• How to get started with Amazon Route 53 (p. 12)
• Related services (p. 12)
• Accessing Amazon Route 53 (p. 12)
• AWS Identity and Access Management (p. 13)
• Amazon Route 53 pricing and billing (p. 13)
How domain registration works
If you want to create a website or a web application, you start by registering the name of your website,
known as a domain name. Your domain name is the name, such as example.com, that your users enter in
a browser to display your website.
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