Altruism and Aggression: Social and Biological Origins

352 Pages·1991·8.24 MB·English

by  Carolyn Zahn-Waxler

Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional
Development
General editor: Martin L. Hoffman
Advisory Board: Nicholas Blurton Jones, Robert N. Emde,
Willard W. Hartup, Robert A. Hinde, Lois W. Hoffman,
Carroll E. Izard, Jerome Kagan, Franz J. Monks,
Paul Mussen, Ross D. Parke, and Michael Rutter
Altruism and aggression

Altruism and aggression
Biological and social origins
Edited by
CAROLYN ZAHN-WAXLER
Laboratory for Developmental Psychology
National Institute of Mental Health
E. MARK CUMMINGS
Department of Psychology
West Virginia University
RONALD IANNOTTI
Laboratory of Children's Health Promotion
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© Cambridge University Press 1986
First published 1986
First paperback edition 1991
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Altruism and aggression.
(Cambridge studies in social and emotional development)
Based on a conference held at the National Institute
of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. in Apr. 1982, under
the auspices of the Society for Research in Child
Development and the Child Development Foundation.
1. Altruism in children - Congresses. 2. Aggressiveness
in children - Congresses. 3. Altruism - Congresses.
4. Aggressiveness (Psychology) - Congresses.
5. Psychology, Comparative - Congresses. 6. Socialization -
Congresses. I. Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn.
II. Cummings, E. Mark. III. Iannotti, Ronald.
IV. Society for Research in Child Development.
V. Foundation for Child Development. VI. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Aggression - in infancy & childhood - congresses.
2. Altruism - in infancy & childhood - congresses.
3. Social Behavior - in infancy & childhood - congresses.
4. Socialization - congresses. WS 105.5.S6 A469 1982]
BF723.A37A47 1986 155.4'18 85-17402
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Altruism and aggression: biological and social
origins. - (Cambridge studies in social and
emotional development)
1. Aggressiveness (Psychology) 2. Altruism
I. Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn II. Cummings, E. Mark
III. Iannotti, Ronald
152.4 BF575.A3
ISBN 0-521-26834-6 hardback
ISBN 0-521-42367-8 paperback
Transferred to digital printing 2004
To Morris and Rebecca Waxier with gratitude for their continuing
support, encouragement, and empathy

Contents
List of contributors page ix
Editorial preface xi
Introduction. Altruism and aggression: problems and
progress in research Carolyn Zahn-
Waxler, E. Mark Cummings, and Ronald
lannotti 1
Part I. Biological, sociobiological, and ethological approaches
to the study of altruism and aggression
The psychobiology of prosocial behaviors: separation
distress, play, and altruism Jaak Panksepp 19
An evolutionary and developmental perspective on
aggressive patterns Robert B. Cairns 58
Development in reciprocity through friendship
James Youniss 88
The prosocial and antisocial functions of preschool
aggression: an ethological study of triadic conflict among
young children F. F. Strayer and J. M. Noel 107
Part II. Development, socialization, and mediators of
altruism and aggression in children
A conception of the determinants and development of
altruism and aggression: motives, the self, and the
environment Ervin Staub 135
Early organization of altruism and aggression:
developmental patterns and individual differences
E. Mark Cummings, Barbara Hollenbeck, Ronald lannotti,
Marian Radke-Yarrow, and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler 165
Aggression and altruism: a personality perspective
Seymour Feshbach and Norma Deitch Feshbach 189
vii
viii CONTENTS
8 The socialization of prosocial behavior: theory and
reality Joan E. Grusec and Theodore Dix 218
9 Social-interactional patterns in families of abused and
nonabused children John B. Reid 238
10 Naturalistic observation of cooperation, helping, and
sharing and their associations with empathy and affect
Robert F. Marcus 256
11 Social information-processing variables in the develop-
ment of aggression and altruism in children Kenneth A.
Dodge 280
Conclusions: lessons from the past and a look to the
future Carolyn Zahn-Waxler 303
Index of names 325
Index of subjects 333
Contributors
Robert B. Cairns Barbara Hollenbeck
Department of Psychology Laboratory of Developmental
University of North Carolina Psychology
Chapel Hill National Institute of Mental
Health
E. Mark Cummings
Ronald Iannotti
Department of Psychology
Laboratory of Children's
West Virginia University
Health Promotion
Theodore Dix Washington, D.C.
Department of Psychology Robert R Marcus
Duke University Institute for Child Study
Department of Human
Kenneth A. Dodge
Development
Department of Psychology
University of Maryland
Indiana University
College of Education
Norma Deitch Feshbach J. M. Noel
Graduate School of Education Laboratoire d'Ethologie
University of California, Humaine
Los Angeles Universite de Quebec a Montreal
Jaak P&nksepp
Seymour Feshbach
Department of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Bowling Green State University
University of California,
Marian Radke-Yarrow
Los Angeles
Laboratory of Developmental
Joan E. Grusec Psychology
Department of Psychology National Institute of Mental
University of Toronto Health
IX