Alternative Solvents for Natural Products Extraction

323 Pages·2014·6.91 MB·English

by  Farid Chemat

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology
Farid Chemat
Maryline Abert Vian Editors
Alternative
Solvents
for Natural
Products
Extraction
Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology
SeriesEditors
Prof.Liang-NianHe
StateKey LaboratoryofElemento-OrganicChemistry, NankaiUniversity, Tianjin,
China
Prof.RobinD.Rogers
Center for Green Manufacturing, Department of Chemistry, The University
ofAlabama,Tuscaloosa,USA
Prof.DangshengSu
ShenyangNationalLaboratoryforMaterialsScience,InstituteofMetalResearch,
ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang,China
and
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck
Society,Berlin,Germany
Prof.PietroTundo
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari
UniversityofVenice,Venice,Italy
Prof.Z.ConradZhang
DalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Dalian,China
Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology
AimsandScope
TheseriesGreenChemistryandSustainableTechnologyaimstopresentcutting-edge
research and important advances in green chemistry, green chemical engineering
and sustainable industrial technology. The scope of coverage includes (but is not
limitedto):
– Environmentally benign chemical synthesis and processes (green catalysis,
greensolventsandreagents,atom-economysyntheticmethodsetc.)
– Green chemicals and energy produced from renewable resources (biomass,
carbondioxideetc.)
– Novelmaterialsandtechnologiesforenergyproductionandstorage(biofuelsand
bioenergies,hydrogen,fuelcells,solarcells,lithium-ionbatteriesetc.)
– Green chemical engineering processes (process integration, materials diversity,
energysaving,wasteminimization,efficientseparationprocessesetc.)
– Green technologies for environmental sustainability (carbon dioxide capture,
waste and harmful chemicals treatment, pollution prevention, environmental
redemptionetc.)
TheseriesGreenChemistry andSustainableTechnologyis intendedto providean
accessible reference resource for postgraduate students, academic researchers and
industrialprofessionalswhoareinterestedingreenchemistryandtechnologiesfor
sustainabledevelopment.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/11661
Farid Chemat (cid:129) Maryline Abert Vian
Editors
Alternative Solvents for
Natural Products Extraction
123
Editors
FaridChemat
MarylineAbertVian
GreenExtractionTeam
Universitéd’Avignonetdes
PaysdeVaucluse
INRA,UMR 408
Avignon,France
ISSN2196-6982 ISSN2196-6990(electronic)
ISBN978-3-662-43627-1 ISBN978-3-662-43628-8(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-662-43628-8
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014947242
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014
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Preface
Nowadays, we cannot find a production process in the perfume, cosmetic,
pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel, or fine chemicals
industries which do not use solvent extraction processes, such as: maceration,
percolation,steamorhydro-distillation,decoction,infusion,andSoxhletextraction.
In the food industry, besides the well-established huge extraction processes of
sugar beet and sugar cane, and the preparation of decaffeinated tea and coffee,
many food formulations have been developed by adding plant extracts used as
ingredients (such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, colors, aromas, pH regulators,
texturing agents) and nutraceutical concentrates. Bioactive compounds or their
precursors(antibiotics,chemopreventiveagents,alkaloids,etc.)areextractedbythe
pharmaceuticalindustry,eitherwithconventionalmethodsormoderntechnologies.
Recent trends in extraction techniques have largely focused on finding solutions
that minimize the use of solvents or to find alternatives for petroleum solvents.
This,ofcourse,mustbeachievedwhilealsoenablingprocessintensificationanda
cost-effectiveproductionofhigh-qualityextracts.
Forexample,intheperfumeindustry,extractionofnaturalproductswasconsid-
ered “clean” when compared with heavy chemical industries, but researchers and
professionalspecialistsfoundthatitsenvironmentalimpactisfargreaterthanfirst
appeared.Theoverallenvironmentalimpactofanindustrialextractioncycleisnot
easy to estimate; however it is known that it requires at least 50 % of the energy
of the whole industrial process. In spite of the high-energy consumption and the
large amount of solvents, often the yield is indicated in decimals. For example, a
single milliliter of rose absolute (used in famous perfumes) that weighs less than
1grequiresnotonlymorethan1kgoffreshrosesasrawmaterial(whichbecame
a chemical waste) but also a large quantity of solvents (n-hexane to produce the
concreteandthenalcoholtoproducetheabsolute),energy(fossil)toevaporatethe
largequantityofsolvents,andwaterascoolingandcleaningagentwhichbecomes
chemicalwastewater.
Theobjectiveinpreparingthisbookistoprovideacompletepictureofcurrent
knowledgeonalternativeandgreensolventsusedatlaboratoryandindustrialscale
for extraction of natural product in terms of innovation, original methods and
v
vi Preface
procedures, alternative solvents, and safe products. It will provide the necessary
theoretical background and details about solvent extraction focused on solid–
liquid,techniques,processes,mechanisms,protocols,industrialapplications,safety
precautions, and environmental impacts. This book is aimed for professionals
from industry, academician’s researchers and lecturers engaged into extraction
engineeringornaturalproductchemistry,andgraduate-levelstudents.
Thisbookwaspreparedbyateamofchemists,biochemists,chemicalengineers,
physicians, and food technologists who have extensive personal experience in
researchofinnovativeextractiontechniquesatthelaboratoryandindustrialscales.
Allthecollaboratingauthorsaretotallyconvincedthatthisbookisthestartingpoint
for future collaborations in this new area, “alternative solvents for extraction of
naturalproducts,”betweenresearch,industry,andeducation.
We wish to thank sincerely all of our colleagues who have collaborated in the
writingofthisbook.We hopetoexpressthemourscientificgratitudeforagreeing
todevotetheircompetenceandtimetoensurethesuccessofthisbook.
Avignon,France FaridChemat
MarylineAbertVian
Contents
1 InSilicoSearchforAlternativeGreenSolvents......................... 1
LaurianneMoity, MorganDurand, AdrienBenazzouz,
ValérieMolinier,andJean-MarieAubry
2 Solvent-FreeExtraction:MythorReality?.............................. 25
MarylineAbertVian, TamaraAllaf, EugeneVorobiev,
andFaridChemat
3 SupercriticalFluidExtraction:A GlobalPerspective
of the Fundamental Concepts of this Eco-Friendly
ExtractionTechnique ...................................................... 39
SusanaP.JesusandM.AngelaA.Meireles
4 SubcriticalWaterasaGreenSolventforPlantExtraction............ 73
MustafaZaferÖzelandFahrettinGög˘üs¸
5 Liquefied DimethylEther: AnEnergy-Saving,Green
ExtractionSolvent.......................................................... 91
PengLiandHisaoMakino
6 EthylLactateMainProperties,ProductionProcesses,
andApplications............................................................ 107
CarlaS.M.PereiraandAlírioE.Rodrigues
7 Ionic Liquids as AlternativeSolventsfor Extraction
ofNaturalProducts ........................................................ 127
MilenG.Bogdanov
8 EnzymaticAqueousExtraction(EAE)................................... 167
LionelMuniglia,NathalieClaisse,Paul-HubertBaudelet,
andGuillaumeRicochon
9 TerpenesasGreenSolventsforNaturalProductsExtraction......... 205
ChahrazedBoutekedjiret, MarylineAbertVian,
andFaridChemat
vii
viii Contents
10 Emulsion Extraction of Bio-products: Influence
ofBio-diluentsonExtractionofGallicAcid............................. 221
KaHoYim,MoncefStambouli,andDominiquePareau
11 Gluconic Acidasa New GreenSolventfor Recovery
ofPolysaccharidesbyCleanTechnologies............................... 237
JuanCarlosContreras-Esquivel,Maria-JosseVasquez-Mejia,
AdrianaSañudo-Barajas, OscarF.Vazquez-Vuelvas,
HumbertoGalindo-Musico, RosabelVelez-de-la-Rocha,
CeciliaPerez-Cruz,andNagamaniBalagurusamy
12 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran:MainProperties,Production
Processes,andApplicationinExtractionofNaturalProducts........ 253
Anne-GaëlleSicaire, MarylineAbertVian, AuroreFilly,
YingLi,AntoineBily,andFaridChemat
13 InnovativeTechnologiesUsedatPilotPlantandIndustrial
ScalesinWater-ExtractionProcesses .................................... 269
LinghuaMengandYvesLozano
Editors and Contributors
Editors
FaridChemat isaFullProfessorofChem-
istryatAvignonUniversity(France),Direc-
tor of GREEN ExtractionTeam (alternative
extraction techniques and solvents), Codi-
rector of ORTESA LabCom research unit
Naturex-UAPV,andscientificcoordinatorof
“France Eco-Extraction,” dealing with the
dissemination of research and education on
greenextractiontechnologies.Bornin1968,
he received his Ph.D. (1994) in Process
EngineeringfromtheInstitutNationalPoly-
technique de Toulouse, France. Following
postdoctoral research work with Prolabo-
Merck(1995–1997),hespent2years(1997–
1999)assenior researcheratthe University
of Wageningen (the Netherlands). In 1999,
he movedto the University of La Réunion (France DOM) to work as an assistant
professor, and since 2006 he holds the position of Professor at the University
of Avignon (France). His main research interests are focused on innovative and
sustainable extraction techniques, protocols, and solvents (especially microwave,
ultrasound, and bio-based solvents) for food, pharmaceutical, fine chemistry, bio-
fuel,andcosmeticapplications.Hisresearchactivitiesaredocumentedinmorethan
140scientificpeer-reviewedpapers,9booksand7patents.
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