alphabetical list of writers and works

630 Pages·2004·3.56 MB·English

Reference Guide to
W
ORLD
L
ITERATURE
THIRD EDITION
VOLUME 2
Reference Guide to
W
ORLD
L
ITERATURE
THIRD EDITION
Volume 2
WORKS
INDEX
EDITORS
SARAH PENDERGAST
and
TOM PENDERGAST
ST. JAMES REFERENCE GUIDES
American Literature
English Literature, 3 vols.
French Literature, 2 vols.
Holocaust Literature
Short Fiction
World Literature, 2 vols.
Reference Guide to World Literature, 3rd edition
Sara and Tom Pendergast
Project Editor M. Gareffa, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol
Kristin Hart A. Schwartz, Christine Tomassini, Michael
J. Tyrkus
Editorial
Erin Bealmear, Joann Cerrito, Jim Craddock, Manufacturing
Stephen Cusack, Miranda H. Ferrara, Peter Rhonda Williams
©2003 by St. James Press. St. James Press is an For permission to use material from this While every effort has been made to
imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of product, submit your request via Web at ensure the reliability of the information
Thomson Learning, Inc. http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you presented in this publication, St. James Press
may download our Permissions Request form does not guarantee the accuracy of the
Gale and Design®, St. James Press®, and and submit your request by fax or mail to: data contained herein. St. James Press accepts
Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used no payment for listing; and inclusion of
herein under license. Permissions Department any organization, agency, institution,
The Gale Group, Inc. publication, service, or individual does not
For more information contact 27500 Drake Rd. imply endorsement of the editors or
St. James Press Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 publisher. Errors brought to the attention of
27500 Drake Rd. Permissions Hotline: the publisher and verified to the satisfaction
Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006 of the publisher will be corrected in future
Or you can visit our Internet site at Fax: [phone] or 800-762-4058 editions.
http://www.gale.com/stjames
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No part of this work covered by the copyright
hereon may be reproduced or used in
any form or by any means—graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, taping, Web
distribution, or information storage retrieval
systems—without the written permission of
the publisher.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER
Reference guide to world literature / editors, Sara Pendergast, Tom
Pendergast.— 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-55862-490-2 (hardcover : set) — ISBN 1-55862-491-0 (v. 1) —
ISBN 1-55862-492-9 (v. 2)
1. Literature—History and criticism. I. Pendergast, Sara. II.
Pendergast, Tom.
PN524.R44 2003
809—dc21
2002015410
ISBN: 1-55862-490-2
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
EDITOR’S NOTE vii
INTRODUCTION ix
ADVISERS xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WRITERS AND WORKS xvii
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WRITERS xxv
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WORKS xxxi
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WORKS xxxvii
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE AUTHORS A-Z 1
REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE WORKS A-Z 1125
NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1591
LANGUAGE INDEX 1615
TITLE INDEX 1623
EDITOR’S NOTE
You are holding in your hands the third edition of the Reference Guide to World Literature, the second edition of which was
published in 1995 and was itself an updated and expanded edition of Great Foreign Language Writers, published in 1984.
Expanding on the coverage of these earlier works, the present edition contains some 1100 entries, divided nearly evenly between
entries on writers and literary works. The scope of the Reference Guide spans recorded history and reaches up to the present.
The Reference Guide to World Literature contains two distinct types of entries: those covering the work of an author and those
covering a literary work. Each author entry begins with a biographical summary of the subject and includes details (where known) of
the author’s birth, education and training, military service, family, career, awards, honors, and honorary degrees. Then follows a
selected list of publications by the author, and a selected list of bibliographical and critical works about the author. Finally, each
author entry contains a signed critical essay which assesses the author’s work, reputation, and influence. Each entry on a literary
work contains a brief header indicating the author and date of creation and a signed critical essay. In the case that the author of the
literary work is unknown, an introductory section provides information about the known circumstances of the work’s creation and a
brief listing of critical studies about the work.
The publications section of the author entries attempts to account for all separately published books by the author, including
translations into English. Broadsheets, single sermons and lectures, minor pamphlets, exhibition catalogs, etc., are omitted. Dates
refer to the first publication in book form unless indicated otherwise; we have attempted to list the actual year of publication, which
is sometimes different from the date given on the title page. Reprints of works including facsimile editions are generally not listed
unless they involve a revision of the title. Titles are given in modern spelling and are often in ‘‘short’’ form. They are always in italic,
except for those that are literal (i.e. non-published) translations, which appear in square brackets. The publication list may contain
some or all of the following categories:
Collections: This contains a selection of ‘‘standard’’ editions, including the most recent collection of the complete
works and of the individual genres (verse, plays, fiction, etc.). For those collections published after the author’s death,
only those that have some editorial authority are cited.
Fiction: Where it is not made apparent by the title, collections of short fiction are indicated by the inclusion of
‘‘stories’’ in parentheses after the title.
Verse: This includes collections and individual poems that were published in book form, listed chronologically by date
of publication.
Plays: This includes original plays, adaptations, and other works for the stage (libretti, ballet scenarios, etc.). Dates for
both publication and production are given. Titles are arranged chronologically by date of first performance or date of
first publication, whichever is earliest. Published English translations are listed, but not those of individual productions.
Screenplays/Television Plays/Radio Plays: These categories include original works and adaptations for these media,
listed by date of release or first broadcast.
Other: This includes publications that do not fit readily into the above categories, principally miscellanies and
nonfiction writing, such as journalism, essays, theoretical works, travel writing, memoirs, letters, etc.
A separate section contains selected works about the author. This section may contain one or both of the following categories:
Bibliography: This includes published works relating to primary and secondary literature. General bibliographies of
literary periods, genres, or counties, etc., are rarely listed.
Critical Studies: This includes critical works and biographies of the subject, listed in chronological order of
publication. This section concentrates on book-length studies in English published after 1945, although in a few cases
selected earlier material is cited. Where there is a noticeable scarcity of critical works in English, publications written in
the subject’s own language are included. On occasion articles, usually written in English, have also been listed.
vii
EDITOR’S NOTE REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION
This book concludes with a Title Index to the publications lists. This contains titles of all works listed in the fiction, verse, and plays
sections of each entry including titles in the writer’s original language and English translations, as well as selected important works
of nonfiction.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A reference work such as this is the product of many hands. Our thanks begin with Steven Serafin, whose guiding hand in selecting
advisers and entries and whose expertise with the languages represented in this collection were indispensable. We would like to
thank our advisers for their skill and expertise in selecting suitable entrants to include in this edition. Thanks also to the authors of the
entries; many of these authors are the acknowledged authorities on their subject, and their expertise and acumen can be clearly seen
in their thoughtful introductions to each of the subjects. We would like to thank our copyeditors, Jennifer Wallace and Michael
Najjar, as well as our contacts/friends Kristin Hart and Peter Gareffa at St. James Press. Finally, we would like to thank all those at
St. James Press whose names we do not know, but who help turn the electronic files that we work with into the reality that you
hold today.
viii
INTRODUCTION
In his letters dating from the second century AD, the Roman orator and statesman Pliny the Younger wrote of finding solace in poetry
as a means to embrace the uncertainties of life and to accept, albeit reluctantly, the inevitability of death. ‘‘Literature,’’ he said, ‘‘is
both my joy and my comfort: it can add to every happiness and there is no sorrow it cannot console.’’ The poet took refuge in his
work and sought to communicate to others the depth of his emotion and the expanse of his intellect. It is through literature that we
embrace our potential and acknowledge our limitations, and it was undoubtedly this presence of mind and spirit that forged the first
attempts at literary expression and that continues in our own time to define the essence and value of artistic endeavor.
The growth and development of literature is most often viewed as a reflection of history, mapping the evolution of human culture
and serving in its earliest renderings as either documentation or eulogy: to record for posterity or to sing praise and exaltation. It was
a task assigned to the scribe not the artist, but in time the purpose and practice of literature would evolve in form and meaning to
where the telling of the tale became as important as the tale itself. The nature of literature broadened in scope and objective to
provide entertainment as well as instruction. As a result, the reader found pleasure in literature as the imagination unfolded in stories
of gods and monsters, the death of kings, and the making of legend. If we believe as posited by philosopher Bernard Berenson that
literature is ‘‘the autobiography of humanity,’’ then we come to better know ourselves by knowing those who came before us and
those with whom we share our existence. In effect, literature becomes a means to examine and to understand the differences, as well
as the similarities, among peoples, languages, and societies. It serves to engage our expectation, to enrich our sensibilities, and to
elevate our perception of self-awareness and identity.
Designed as a complement to the St. James Reference Guides to American and British literatures, the third edition of the Reference
Guide to World Literature represents a comprehensive and authoritative survey to literatures written in languages other than English
from the earliest known manuscripts to the works of present-day writers of international stature. Merging East and West, the ancient
with the contemporary, the Reference Guide provides a broad spectrum of world literature extending from the anonymous prose and
verse of the Vedas, the sacred texts of Hinduism, originating in the third millennium BC, to the ancient Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh;
from the Hebrew texts of the Old Testament to The Iliad of Homer; from the Golden Age of Greek drama to the Indian folk epic the
Mahābhārata; from the Confessions of St. Augustine to the classical poetry of the Tang dynasty; from The Conference of the Birds
by the Persian poet Farid al-Din Attār to The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighiera; from The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus to
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes; from Molière’s Don Juan to Goethe’s Faust; from realism and naturalism to the advent of
modernism; from existentialism to the theater of the absurd; from postmodernism to the literature of the new millennium.
The present edition provides expanded coverage of literatures in less represented languages, the primary focus being Arabic,
Chinese, and Japanese, as well as previously unrepresented languages including Albanian, Estonian, Indonesian, Kurdish, and Thai.
Writers from the Arab world added to the edition include the pre-Islamic poet Imru’ al-Qays, the poetess al-Khansā’, the classical
poet al-Mutanabbī, the Andalusian poet Ibn Khafājah, and the Sufi poets Ibn al-Fārid and Ibn al-‘Arabī and contemporary authors
such as the Iranian novelist and short-story writer Jalal Al-e Ahmad, the Egyptian short-story writer and dramatist Yūsuf Idrīs, and
the Syrian-Lebanese poet Adūnīs. Chinese authors include the Ming dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu, the novelist Ding Ling, and
dramatist, novelist, and Nobel laureate Gao Xingjian. Japanese authors include poets Miyazawa Kenji, Hagiwara Sakutaro, and
Nishiwaki Junzaburo and novelists Lao She, Shimazaki Toson, Shiga Naoya, Ibuse Masuji, and Abe Kobo.
Authors writing in previously unrepresented languages include the Albanian novelist and poet Ismail Kadaré, the Estonian poet Jaan
Kaplinski and the poet and novelist Jaan Kross, the Indonesian novelist Pramoedya Ananta Toer and the poet Chairil Anwar, the
Kurdish poet Abdulla Goran, and the Thai novelist Siburapha. Authors from previously underrepresented literatures include East
and Central European writers such as the dramatist Václav Havel, the novelist Ivan Klíma, and the novelist Milan Kundera, writing
in Czech; the short-story writer and poet Tadeusz Borowski, and the poet and dramatist Tadeusz Różewicz, writing in Polish;
francophone and lusophone writers from North, East, and West Africa including the Moroccan novelist and poet Tahar Ben Jelloun
and the novelist Abdelkebir Khatibi, the Tunisian novelist Albert Memmi, and the Ivorian novelist Ahmadou Kourouma, writing in
French, and Mozambican poet José Craveirinha, writing in Portuguese.
This edition is also noteworthy for its expanded coverage of contemporary women writers, including the Lebanese novelist Evelyne
Accad, the Algerian novelist Assia Djebar, and the Canadian poet and novelist Nicole Brossard, writing in French; the Chilean
novelist Isabel Allende, the Nicaraguan poet and novelist Gioconda Belli, and the Argentinian novelist Luisa Valenzuela, writing in
Spanish; the Polish poet and Nobel laureate Wisława Szymborska; the Indian novelist Qurratulain Hyder, writing in Urdu; the
ix
INTRODUCTION REFERENCE GUIDE TO WORLD LITERATURE, 3rd EDITION
Italian novelist Francesca Duranti; the Russian novelist Tatyana Tolstaya; the Japanese novelist Tsushima Yuko; and the Chinese
short-story writer and novelist Li Ang. Within the context of the social and political transformation from the postwar twentieth
century to the present, the increasing representation and contribution of women on an international basis has redefined the scope and
dimension of world literature. Other major contemporary authors include the Martinican novelist Patrick Chamoiseau, writing in
French; the Hungarian novelist and short-story writer Péter Esterházy, the Danish novelist Peter Høeg; the Chinese poet Bei Dao
and the novelists Mo Yan and Su Tong; and the Japanese novelist Murakami Haruki.
Literature in the new millennium is complex as it is convoluted, informed by diverse and elements: postmodernism, multiculturalism, and
global diaspora. Yet it is the voice of Pliny the Younger that resonates to remind us of the true essence of literary endeavor: to bring
joy and comfort; to provide inspiration and understanding; to justify our being; and to bear witness on the times in which we live. As
noted by author Salman Rushdie, ‘‘Literature is where I go to explore the highest and lowest places in human society and in the
human spirit, where I hope to find not absolute truth but the truth of the tale, of the imagination and of the heart.’’
—Steven R. Serafin
Hunter College of the City University of New York
x