Table Of ContentALONG CAME GOOGLE
Along Came
Google
A History of
Library Digitization
Deanna Marcum and
Roger C. Schonfeld
PRINCE TON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCET ON AND OXFORD
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ISBN 978-0-691-17271-2
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Acknowl edgments vii
Introduction 1
1 Collaborating for Access 14
2 The Dreamers 37
3 A Stunning Announcement:
Libraries Jump On Board 72
4 Unlocking Access 96
5 The Acad emy Protests 105
6 Publishers, Legal Issues, Settlement 128
7 Seeking Complementarities:
The Emergence of HathiTrust 160
8 Implications 188
Epilogue 205
Index 211
v
ACKNOWL EDGMENTS
This book had a long gestation period, and Peter Dougherty and
the staff of Prince ton University Press supported us throughout.
Instead of complaining about our failure to meet milestones,
they offered encouragement. Instead of critiquing what we
submitted in early drafts, they offered additional ideas for our
consideration. We count ourselves sublimely fortunate to have
had an opportunity to work with Peter. We are also grateful for
the excellent reviewers he found for our manuscript. They, too,
offered g reat ideas for strengthening our arguments, and the
result is a greatly improved work.
We acknowledge at the outset that we have played a part
in many of the events we chronicle in this book and have been
friends and colleagues of many of the key figures. Deanna Mar-
cum has served in leadership roles at the Council on Library
Resources, the Council on Library and Information Resources,
the Library of Congress, and Ithaka S+R. Roger Schonfeld has
been with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and ITHAKA
for his entire career, currently serves on the board of the Cen-
ter for Research Libraries, and wrote the history of JSTOR.
Although we have tried to remain impartial tellers of this story,
we recognize that our professional histories no doubt color our
perspectives.
The real strength of this history is that so many key fig-
ures in book digitization were willing to talk with us so can-
didly. We are forever grateful to our colleagues and friends
vii
viii ACKNOWL EDGMENTS
who made time to tell us how they experienced the early days
of digitization and to reflect on the implications for schol-
arly communication, broadly considered. This book is the
story of those pioneers: Alan Adler, Ivy Anderson, Heather
Christenson, Dan Clancy, Dan Cohen, Paul Courant, Robert
Darnton, Laine Farley, Dale Flecker, Mike Furlough, Kevin
Guthrie, Brewster Kahle, Michael Keller, Paul LeClerc, Tom
Leonard, Mark Sandler, Richard Sarnoff, Donald Waters, and
John Price Wilkin.
We are also grateful to our many colleagues who talked with
us about the framework for the book, the positions we have
taken, and their thoughts about the implications of book digiti-
zation. That list of valued friends is too long to acknowledge all
of them properly, but we owe special thanks to Clifford Lynch,
Lorcan Dempsey, Jessica Gardner, Kevin Guthrie, and Oya
Rieger for taking time to talk again and again about our work.
Thousands of individuals, far too many to name, contributed
to the initiatives discussed in this study. And many more digi-
tization experiments were pursued than we could cover in this
proj ect, even though we fully recognize that so many proj ects
made impor tant contributions. Each library that launched a
digital proj ect helped build the digital future. We owe an apol-
ogy to the great number of librarians, technologists, and pub-
lishers who made invaluable contributions to book digitization
whom we have not discussed in this book.
Fi nally, we are grateful to one another. When we first dis-
cussed this manuscript with Peter, he reminded us that it is not
easier to write a book with a coauthor. In fact, he said, it is prob-
ably harder. For us, it has been an invaluable example of how
collaboration can work. We remain good friends at the end of
this long pro cess, and we are convinced that our joint proje ct is
better than what either of us could have produced individually.
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