Alloy Phase Diagrams

500 Pages·1992·76.91 MB·English

by  Asm

Volume

Alloy Phase
Diagrams

bays
2
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Contents

Sestico 1 Conting Ove .
mado ky Pave gr ape 7
Plsmortisn. zs Reading Phe Dsgras. : '
etmohle Phase . “Comenn Sone
oct. Shien 7
ina iar 7 Gog
‘ew lr Cuata ss 7
Unsere ete Micros
asin cai oer

The Gaaper-Zane Syren.
‘The Alem, Tr Chi

Thee Ps ati
eta gh 7

ee : ee
= Beene lec

me aa : oan eee

— an :

Third Law. = a Peelonance - 7

Gattis Clapeyron Equation ‘ _Aibbiography, - rca

Nine : indexer 2 ;
See — Sac tape os
racial he 2
Soueerivees: sen

Peete SE a om *

‘Chic Asie mcd
Tey ly Fase Disa
Tear Reecacss

Seton
APP :
"Fonts forehe Chemical os
‘stg and Bat iis te Hkemons
Atmosphere rer

Bo

llogopc Tantra he reat
‘mosphere °

agree Prise Trion francais ces
‘cya Stee Noone Arana Altay
‘by Paron Symp Desion
Temperire Caer NS) nn
eres

ie phate
Section 1

Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

ugh Bakes, Flor

ALLOY PIIASE DIAGRAMS ase wie
‘yl ale egies ad mse,
‘Siete engr sea) evelopen
‘Sr aloys or spec aeons, 2) be
‘Dror aap it nsttconsgeatone 2)
‘Lin ant col cf bt atm proce
Frei aloye tat wil pote te mae
nslusicak phsea and Enemies popes
‘Rai ing oer a ae whe
Sse ne wef pass das allows
fee deepen andgructon abe one
ore enya eat ee vel
isu tay dome, pe ie
‘ors csinne prov or forex re
re apleatons, signi jpocol ays for
{posal Splons, an veopng aerahe
sre ohana: ag cents
teats, oe rtca”alloing elsoens. App
‘a ally phase dasa nein
‘hs hs a asst prope rer
‘fing age, bors," and ik, fd
‘stad custo mieroprost an eras
(ising sd weldg soning sion eat
‘lng and dvcleing om posse

ue pertocmense, rhs iagransave
ses acne reo
[pomovsrtinpnebentbe pasate)
‘Sopurculrtempenree.nsnsulebe

/

t

» o @

Piet Sass

fas tn Phase agra als ae cn
‘hc witn amelie scree poten sac
ffs ec srt yt
ci las eo omen ge
‘Snes on sal ore of he leva
edhe the wnt eos
esse snag of arch ats poe
nat thed apm Terfeethrouh a
{Gdn of ley hae dra nna an
thor peal se wil prove abe of rt help
Steet pee eps

Common Terms

Bete the set lly phase diagrams is
aieuscinde ned hissonen

‘Phase nate cust gases ior
Jhaingonteconitnsol ste Sutevaioloe
Tila compost tempersur esse
Im ie deovate fle atone fl,
ftdsa on The templets 0 Gatreson
atsgc cred pcs ogy
Uiscandaesomewhtlowerseeceoraaly ose
tipo eee

Inte are sess, heogensons nes a
the prying tow tbe ei oF
‘ove nue tc pas ahha den
{Toland any hung onder fs, m0
tater sal nisin at Yrntpise
or example soi al tha
paca homogenene spas nt tly
eiilephae emer eetcetbprcsuceae-
Siar det shorn me

apnea hogeve.cck singe pase
fl pe fae eds na llowing
Stal tally ven ine ibel, pd
‘ners of ind t Smee owe Hs bso
‘Sle all he moet ng ai he fd,
‘modi ofew sh hepa popes
erat cmimocuty ching fran pat
fe fd o nebo meats at ina
‘cei actos, fe disc hawena te

tens "pase" nt “phe seldom ae
tal oer ng a per
Iodine sane sae

tein sable rete. rl arta These fee
{eoiiigar ieaatdine osha ene
‘Be 1 Subleeqlinau exten he ny
Stes hesenergy cbdnce mel
Than eas wie alii! energy mat Be
fy wrtabie uiliteiom exists when no a
onal nes nee ofeach Pe
Sabliy rsh Alough ue sablesqiie
Som shih aul enon can be sina

‘Polymorphism. The ruc cfsoid siemens
snicrnn arate equi cad.
Sowever, ane pohmorpive soulishaped Ui,
‘runic neon Fomone cyst
the tat wih eange in tonpraesad
rena unger consti
‘nc paps. Metormaloryy
delymarphie chung: in cleica clement
Ry ct of end ops ict
fn Iter ection of th aout te ale
Tope tamlonutos of he ent ae
Inthe Append swore,

Metta Phas, Unior tome condoms,
‘She siestucs Rapid fering a eorsnon
Seth of poucing mettle traces. Dt
{me ch Foxe een need
‘ipso ooing ae is ce)
Jind ectngsecibelyaricaly ste
‘cen (ach oro

‘ests yi yen cows of uh
stance (ors poup 9 tans) hat ssl
omiswiandngs acongepuseto chant
Soy ofthe eft sins of te."
inte means theo creunge of se
‘nbaimce nay syn for example ih
wore ache copt nd an met
Sitaram shasta carer el
{Banner compan, sucha aa
192/Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

ages, and manganese, These substances
Srstnettecanpons compen esse
Shu toa ee He coud wth he vane
‘hac found wi fern Ae
{rer dsocanconsiz ofa sah componst sich
Son emer orcorpenn

‘hase Diagrams noe cor ands
ince role of sting the eft of sae
hse a appeals he eur a
[am codons At sch, the Signa a
‘ronal eonnonlagrans pH
‘hm diagrams, ov phase apron A sige
ompenea pera ane snp =
fr merdinertonl at show ag phase
‘haga the subsaleo paueanor
presse cise Nat signs. however ae
Foo treedinessionl pot dering te
tine Hes nme poe
Fete na conining fused phss ela a
sweTas singe pe fies The png hemes
[orm ne ar dered in pee et
“Glseacn eto it nc ton.

‘Ste Compments Pane digas he
syuoes tay dete a fen eestifed sd
Zane fre mores in Land of erpones
Inte em

Pas le-The pa’ nde, stamens
amen nt bef oo ent i te
Sse nt oe cdo feo Gib
‘ho fis called ae Romegencos ea
‘tes te term pase" When pes and
‘rpertunaribe seats erect

sae #9 the cute of dependent vies
(Cala dees fem, se name
“onpenen dp ts nami of be pases
inne geen

‘Unary Diagrams

nvarint Equiv. Accedngtoiepnas
re he phases an extn sable equi
ima sige ptona wary dag =
ws eta ny pt rae
‘he ses fer eases) ada a
inv epescned by be rs cemepoadg I

Fig.2

Sern eqsebe ona lic pes
Gane tain ep oie he
‘onthe dingran.allextoray camila actors
See dees ei Ve
Stress
tia se ele ea fr es
rie en awn ne eo en f=
ted acs and 3 spain Un se
ives ig 2 herpesure crimes
Hicwas be fy seta fa tbh Ones 3
Perse set eon one tempera
ths il sah caulvigm cons ae
ery, esc aie Fo ee
‘aa nee yds

‘rat Epi he ps
faba slosed, Ue shuaior cerresponds to
King twodeyenf fern fpr
Ss tony ene ae can cur ue
Uta ==> Mh stot ca
Sra elt

inary Diagrams

‘te syste being ers canis 160
compncisacompostnnaseans ado
the r plot routing ceastucior of duce
ttmesieval ge Nest ecards,
Iever econo ony ihe Bd presue
fone aes, ad he gr eda to
‘edie plot ef enpeaue sadcmo
Shea (dian

i

Fig. 3 Shins otetedond tsa

“The Gis phase ule plist sates of
ger Gl, iui, and gases, tt wes te
tect ot press const. he le eds

‘The subecviirifor binary sym ars

Mice Salas, Many sss ae coxph
ome ibe san yt sac
Ssthccomponcts of em of ese ssn
enol muscle caplet sche iach
‘eh tsb en us forming cn
(col aoe. When ths ecasin inary
Ipeaenee of at sb ine The dase
‘ost af ea eps elspa 2
‘orphaso tld Te Douay betwee te bgid
Tsiandatetwo-hoefcleinFig iscldthe
Neda tatatwecihe worl fend ie
‘i eld he sot In gael, a gas
i cn of pit a pha agen
“rou cemgusisone of the system oxi te
ec cook rf ling or beat 2
solids ibe leak of posts reexatng he
‘empenmsat ich he aco aly Heh
Irving on cosinor ben ting ae
The pss ulm crs te pase
{ei ini 3 dan sod solo re
Sd conte panes
Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/103

si a arta poi ce yi
dence Tce pha urine n
‘he fling eta) se, hy ron pase
Fete ihe sd regi ene tr se
{bt ie anc no lage oak Be
‘oat por he dg pies two
Stier ot Sndguscone tly ky oe
‘Se Hes ty st Fa G0) The
Sno ete alg pase Freres ao
ce fw sll pss, ells a ete
‘ton’ ioe he (ret worl foe “elt
SS Tea tated hc

ae

* BO oie Geek worl fret analy tthe right
o on een eoieeee ante
— — Figs5 Siininenactictrcarcthiriastike componcnts ofthe sem have the sume crystal

tiie bo Eueebesyaems e

‘sa canbe formed wo cmporans

1th sls nd iiss ec tng ating ferent ysl erates. Whe soe

sonepon.amisimanrmniauinspresied sm te igus hin cues a ek

We ert | inthe tops Feld tng tes prenatal or xt of

tentascnoemin Fg Tal poeticto hose he mista nes oo Fi 0) eee

‘Seapin mise inasinge pe Gels Biols fr tua ef complete mss bees
‘oenintig 5-Poatfeaboce nich passat sys comgenats thon in Fp

id teebns indstiyuntuble, esl “Three Phase Equi. Reicons ina

fein siratrfo pont finTig 2 Lis. and_ ing te congas paste mot ao iz

TE called su tines ndico che ine uf ctr acta, Fa exanple spn Solg, 2

soubliyelconpensrtRinsand AinBsmegec sages peta charg inn ete

ily. The configuration: of ese ad llth wn now sh pase of, conerey, 0 sl

{as dagims Geert tthe fonspnanics —gucr can rast to form gle te pase

Sees, Ete sem decaettacem hislauedse- ‘Thee and the ae ars fps ok mee

o ten ‘Savon cher nary ston el

TecticReacioy titepas feltinde Tube and itrened a7 a

solitegnneltig Snexpundaleotattices "Tntrmedine Pace Iran he duce

Fig. 4 Stine hedgeny wth sie thesia some pure a wai la Of), sei mia els, ud the

whee tas Septem te ompooshs ok. gam in Fe. hls five oe pase

fnsead of eine soaks aga now elds, 58 nado tmarnata compos

SowstnuspuaisoiWtemina phar witch dons Sach phe neal deerme

USelniee she equim with Lge st phones Many inorradate pues, bs Cos

a

Fi 6 at a aa re Pea pel ane wee Lea pelos Sag nee anesthe sal me
{f/lnteoduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams

nae in Fig 7 have ty wide anges af
meen However ray hes have ves
‘ntl orn sift hooey ae

"phen ans pss o for 9)
{ti srucure f e pase, tien ele
‘Sabertusyare aoc auch aise
Mle ae lin ala neti cee
oud: ner nud sol et
nfs wih chemi’ cengoand. who
‘spot bond fcc fom hat meres
{there the mo bs chemical signee)
vse mew voxrpouns eh Hr pes
cing esas) on

ihc pata igen tw a
ang et competion AB exe and
votre ites te ui sd pes
Spgs neuen: ch a
seapiccmeonin

enon the lanl conpensat B Gor
hats) ands ight meting sermon oh
Ibemeaige ase Oa Fi, for ame,
vara tuetcly wile ons are
‘Sn incongenty ser empire

Metastable Equlbrgm,l Fi ) dase
fine inate th pons of Se uae and
fais dapocar io he pose
So gine das Ui eps sl
{bl inti he ndeate ea a
{might hel ea ring este
ridconing, Nesnablesienion esac
Eeguliistinsaso apparin he 2a 6,

‘Temary Diagrams

‘her hie omponca i aed 0 < bny
em ils altri conisasia

ies becomes mor cele Oop
Ueno adaaturacemposton Jerson he
es femig eso aga ving ars
[easterlies Tom repeat
‘Sunol uti peton, suchas thn
Siig Uthaw, adhe: of epoptace ee
iota. se ata sles Uae ia he binary
tirana) ace ster singles oe
fuse sca ose lames as hens
[Reon elie and for phne poms whe
ick pot na cnt ems,
‘econese linn temary ins ah

ough mee dancin projes eande
esp tecrndg the aps

saga, adn ves fom them is if
Merete ary Sous a ofa este
by views ofthe nay dagans it ogi
fits and twenties ofthe
Spur rdsu, ane ibs
‘peo tl val seein ope) Bosh
"Stil shes eof ken trongh oe
ont on sngons ane songiemy mel
‘Be biny sunpowc tpperioe ti oppte
{Rheum ar pte ot ike amy the
tue bia’ dasa, called a guabnary
‘scion One psa rvs yi 13
EE be stra section HiT A
*entcl sesnon fetece somgracaly clie

Fig. 9a edge
Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/t65

Fig 10 ounces

fet ce lao fom a guar secon
seoins 3
nyu sdb ows panna ape
tthe A Sonon poetry sco sone
“here the nage of 20 ecrsoneets
i2iTeantan the ssa pal oe he
fees shown by ane 3 Fg 1D. Anther
saad conus thie ard om
Thermal Sets, Conpotior vais in
semper sober sets el
gh gong wo
ff he ingle spaced a he op ofthe ste

Table 1_toatiant eatin

Fig 11 Sa mpoton eat ea

on compan A ipa de btn fT
ik hom ahaa at he op. The sou
feo scm bie oa pa
Cio pa A, e-ansat ef coop Bt
prin A pin lhe aneut of sompanet
Chom pots span Massouearennen
Jeogen metal chen nly so wen We

Projet Views is, a lus
shesby beter sents Te
oer cytenyectie (bal comowr
Tins ln se othe prone ews oF
Invaion fr nse of om ne, views
then sw Ins eye epee

rts abe elle alles" or "eve

cored poe cas
gpa
es, ce mtn

= 5

Sra so a

sn,

ble et

g
en 8 Pe
= =

ig 12 Spel “Minar aa Pe So

a a te isin of to ions Ae
treads ete fe aden ese eta ae
Ihe diet of desea temper ine

Thermodynamic Principles

Sermedin ayers te shape of hs on
row gram athe eed and mesons
Treugh nwt 3 fe prices, ne
‘Cons arodyasnis tow ey ap 9
epson

“tr ee. The am oe
‘hea ase i tra ever
‘Sia egy fe charter sly hy Bs
‘ae oe Syste

“Cost Systm A heels het
i mondigs Ss onlod som sete
‘Sha txt however can tering ery
sn tasumauing

Fie a The Fr owe Thormaami
Fossa vn Heb nee 1 tts at
‘These, tis calle the Law of Cameron of
‘Bes Tis aw mesthahealeer o
{lie tere ens conse noo 0
{ly operation et secs ato at
ier fey mone Format ap
os om th eaten eal gua of
{her fe oar) ll pe

Tur ecanpescensler cont garantie
vt uty of bt nee, BD, he
indageay oF re, 8, sec Tie

£=80- 04
[eth vst monty fits processes and

‘interplay ee Soe by oF
na gitert simi pessuolane es
1 s/htroducton Alloy Phase Diagrams
feces penn sorely bares Se eearrtem
Se eee ey ty nhmae Khyk neeane, Gasca a menses deo meee eh
Soul eset cree, mos ite mune i eee ae eee
Serine rae! Pepi Herre be
Pamnlgiscaigia vies a ies 2° Ted Reins The Seen ws hr he
nach peen coding actinge Tine wien ang {patna ow of heat asap i fm the
oes arose Frege le replete

“ Fe iets

e101
"Entropy. The Sond em comssy

ati Theol cng change unk ed the cave hap atc pet sna nemo oy, nar propery ef

cetpetielspaepiag ey fatatig) imesh muy seated spn) ‘Sc pascundty alps rupees
Seen cesar ese a ae Aoetony er eee of abe ergo,
SS, oa apo aay call Pa Dina ga tnt nt rier oor
Tin ety ave ‘gyn Sm ea
mn “ess always is such os fo lead vo an increase in
aap sina cy afte of de Sigg terpoaea akg sss
Sechticoaemu th pana Siolien sini sueoting eg in
eat ipsa Te ere ofamit Shey oid olor
sues cmunolior eco
fapeane ce epee Gat (it eat
? : §
a * ; i
4 . 3 - U
” » °
Fl :
i : i i
i A : i
l J }
° ° ®

Fig 13 enon cen tciae ret tt shan vn hh rd die ace fo
Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams/167

! : !

ry

®

Fig 14 unl cleccgscreteimtr arin ie agama tc a Sac Mi fom

Third Law. prep nvancl by Thelove
tats, Wai Nema, Mex Parc ar one,
in cal the Pe Law of Thermo,
SEs he ene oo eras Ramage
teu mtr cunetalenat soar ebm
Seo temperature (0K. Ths pn allows,
“Euan of teste ass of ery
utc atbeunes tlm et pu

{Gis eerg is rece, ere

Hr, the chinge in Gb energy of te
lndergnga ness evgreedin test

indegncet anaes press ol bste an
rt tere colleerpesn
ip poceariscaed ot antoromdns
Deonan pees ad arte, De change
inne enen of seo a eqaibau sth
irsmeting ater posts sae, Fo
1 spamous cert pce the change
iirc ns gates a
te Gibeenegs dete dig he pce
‘diecaces soins tego,

Features of Phase Diagrams

The aes ls) ina pe diagram, a the
pio and shapes of pits es uss
a eedons in ecole by ex
“hmanacpacglesan he omndyamic op
‘Stor of tthe pass tht cna he

‘Phase ld Rak The phe i rar spec
‘es tataconstan era nd peste
tka 3 ene flea

“Ineo a Le Chit The torn of
Hon Le Char, tics bet on er
mi pias at ater xt.
[itt bce on onan whch De

saat ed cin as ta
SEIp matic the tron Th fc ot
‘er esa ase ga can he seen
mig, slope of the sb ie >
inthe vapor zatonine (3) 0 a he ser
‘ee lressng ressredy making hess
‘hic ll andi) wee state be
emu The sage of the mnie re 2)
‘is a bypass conactscn
‘cg Noe at hebounary nee
‘ae ind odie, whack expan Le
Ing segestomd he pesanese)

“Cut Clipeyron Equation. The theres
LPs quits Hen ey.
Sta Ralf Cla foe the Tllowee

ae

‘ete diffrence in mar volume of thew
‘hatsinbenscin os fit eer
SSirarhiy a pcs rho ee
so