Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the Costs of Physiological Adaptation

388 Pages·2004·6.93 MB·English

by  Jay Schulkin

ALLOSTASIS, HOMEOSTASIS, AND THE COSTS OF
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
Theconceptofhomeostasis,themaintenanceoftheinternalphysiologicalenvi-
ronmentofanorganismwithintolerablelimits,iswellestablishedinmedicine
andphysiology.Incontrast,allostasisisarelativelynewidea.Allostasisexplains
howregulatoryeventsmaintainorganismicviability,ornot,indiversecontexts
with varying setpoints of bodily needs and competing motivations. Allostasis
accountsforwidevariationinfunction,adaptation,andcephalicinvolvement
in systemic physiological regulation. It provides a conceptual framework for
boththeprotectiveandthedamagingeffectsthatoccurinoverallregulationof
physiologicalandbehavioralsystems.Thisbook,thefirsteditedvolumetofo-
cusonallostasis,orientsthereaderbyaddressingbasicphysiologicalregulatory
systems and examining bodily regulation under duress. It integrates the basic
conceptsofphysiologicalhomeostasiswithdisorderssuchasdepression,stress,
anxiety,andaddictionandwillthereforeappealtograduatestudents,medical
students,andresearchersworkinginrelatedareas.
JaySchulkinisaresearchprofessorintheDepartmentofPhysiologyandBio-
physics at Georgetown University, the Director of Research of the American
CollegeofObstetriciansandGynecologists,andaresearchassociateattheClin-
icalNeuroendocrinologyBranchoftheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.He
is the author of several books for Cambridge University Press, including Cal-
ciumHunger(2001),TheNeuroendocrineRegulationofBehavior(1999),andSodium
Hunger(1991).

Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the
Costs of Physiological Adaptation
Edited by
JAY SCHULKIN
GeorgetownUniversity
cambridge university press
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Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
Th e Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107406582
© Cambridge University Press 2004
Th is publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2004
First paperback edition 2012
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Allostasis, homeostasis and the costs of physiological adaptation / edited by Jay Schulkin.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 0-521-81141-4
1. Allostasis. 2. Homeostasis. 3. Adaptation (Physiology) I. Schulkin, Jay.
QP82.A36A457 2004
612´.022 – dc22 2003062975
isbn 978-0-521-81141-5 Hardback
isbn 978-1-107-40658-2 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
DedicatedtoMaryDallman,RalphNorgren,andLarrySwanson

Contents
Preface page ix
Contributors xi
Introduction 1
JaySchulkin
1 PrinciplesofAllostasis:OptimalDesign,Predictive
Regulation,Pathophysiology,andRationalTherapeutics 17
PeterSterling
2 ProtectiveandDamagingEffectsoftheMediatorsofStress
andAdaptation:AllostasisandAllostaticLoad 65
BruceS.McEwen
3 MergingoftheHomeostatTheorywiththeConceptof
AllostaticLoad 99
DavidS.Goldstein
4 OperationalizingAllostaticLoad 113
BurtonSinger,CarolD.Ryff,andTeresaSeeman
5 DrugAddictionandAllostasis 150
GeorgeF.KoobandMichelLeMoal
6 AdaptiveFear,Allostasis,andthePathologyofAnxiety
andDepression 164
JeffreyB.RosenandJaySchulkin
vii
viii Contents
7 AChronobiologicalPerspectiveonAllostasisandIts
ApplicationtoShiftWork 228
ZiadBoulosandAlanM.Rosenwasser
8 AllostaticLoadandLifeCycles:Implicationsfor
NeuroendocrineControlMechanisms 302
JohnC.Wingfield
Commentary:ViabilityasOpposedtoStability:An
EvolutionaryPerspectiveonPhysiologicalRegulation 343
MichaelL.Power
Index 365