Table Of ContentAllied Fighting Effectiveness in North Africa and Italy, 1942–1945
© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2014 | doi 10.1163/9789004255708_001
History of Warfare
Editors
Kelly DeVries (Loyola University Maryland)
John France (University of Wales, Swansea)
Michael S. Neiberg (United States Army War College, Pennsylvania)
Frederick Schneid (High Point University, North Carolina)
VOLUME 99
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hw
Allied Fighting Effectiveness in
North Africa and Italy, 1942–1945
Edited by
Andrew L. Hargreaves
Patrick J. Rose
Matthew C. Ford
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Cover illustration: Moving up through Prato, Italy, men of the 370th Infantry Regiment have yet to
climb the mount which lies ahead, 04/09/1945. ARC Identifier 531277, NAIL control number
NWDNS-111-SC-205289. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Allied fighting effectiveness in North Africa and Italy, 1942-1945 / edited by Andrew L. Hargreaves,
Patrick J. Rose, Matthew C. Ford.
pages cm. -- (History of warfare)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-27523-2 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-25570-8 (e-book) 1. World War,
1939-1945--Campaigns--Mediterranean Region. 2. World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Africa, North.
3. Unified operations (Military science)--History--20th century. 4. Combined operations (Military
science)--History--20th century. 5. Tactics--History--20th century. I. Hargreaves, Andrew L., 1981-,
editor of compilation. II. Rose, Patrick J., editor of compilation. III. Ford, Matthew C., editor of
compilation.
D766.A49 2014
940.54'23--dc23
2014010875
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issn 1385-7827
isbn 978-90-04-27523-2 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-25570-8 (e-book)
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contents
Contents
Notes on Contributors vii
Introduction 1
Andrew Hargreaves, Patrick Rose and Matthew Ford
1 Coalition Air-Land Doctrine in the North African Campaign: Moving
Towards a Single Concept of Operations, June 1942 – March 1943 13
James Hudson
2 A Blueprint for Success: Army-Air Force Co-operation and the Battle for
the Mareth Line, 19–29 March 1943 31
Ross Mahoney
3 The Fusion of the North African armée de l’air and the FAFL after
Operation TORCH, November 1942 – May 1944 53
Paul Lemaire
4 “When Opportunity Arises”: British Airborne Operations in the
Mediterranean 1941–1944 67
John Greenacre
5 Rearguard Action: Eighth Army’s Tactical Response to the German
Evacuation of Sicily, July – August 1943 85
Kevin Jones
6 Indian Army Training for the Italian Campaign and Lessons Learnt 103
Alan Jeffreys
7 Learning on the Job: Training the Brazilians for Combat in the Gothic
Line 120
Cesar Campiani Maximiano
8 The Quartermaster Corps in the Mediterranean: A Motorized Logistics
System 148
Grant T. Weller
vi contents
9 British Army Communications in North Africa and Italy from
Operation TORCH to the Capture of Rome 170
Simon Godfrey
10 Failures in Command and Control: The Experience of 4th Indian
Division at the Second Battle of Cassino, February 1944 188
Christopher Mann
11 Reassessing British Army Command: XIII British Corps in the Fourth
Battle of Cassino, May – July 1944 206
Patrick Rose
12 Learning to Exploit Depth: The Application, Evolution and Value of
Allied Special Forces in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1945 224
Andrew Hargreaves
Conclusion 248
Andrew Hargreaves, Patrick Rose and Matthew Ford
Index 253
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notes on cNoonttersi bount oCrosntributors vii
Notes on Contributors
Matthew Ford
has a PhD from the Department of War Studies at King’s College London. He
is currently a Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex.
He has previously worked at the University of Hull, Birkbeck College London,
King’s College London and the University of Birmingham. He has published
in a number of journals including the Journal of Strategic Studies, Small Wars
and Insurgencies, War in History, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism and
Parameters. He is a former West Point Fellow and winner of the Society for
Military History’s Russell F. Weigley Graduate award. His research interests
focus on military innovation, socio-technical change, the social construction
of military effects and strategy.
Simon Godfrey
worked for most of his career in marketing. After selling his market research
agency and retiring from full time work in 2001, he studied military history at
University College London, obtaining an MA in 2003 and a PhD in 2009. He is
a Non-executive Director and technical adviser at Brainjuicer Plc. He is the
author of British Army Communications in the Second World War: Lifting the
Fog of Battle (Bloomsbury Academic, 2013).
John Greenacre
was a commissioned officer in the British Army for twenty-four years and
deployed as a helicopter pilot around the world. He was awarded his PhD in
2009 from the University in Leeds. His thesis examining the development of
Britain’s airborne forces during the Second World War was published as
Churchill’s Spearhead (Pen & Sword, 2010). He currently works as a battlefield
guide across Europe and is an occasional lecturer at the University Campus
Suffolk.
Andrew Hargreaves
is an independent military historian and researcher. He was awarded a PhD
from the Department of War Studies, Kings College London in 2009. He is a
former West Point Fellow in Military History and a winner of the Society for
Military History’s Russell F. Weigley Graduate Award. His most recent publi-
cation is Special Operations in World War II – British and American Irregular
Warfare (Oklahoma University Press, 2013).
viii Notes on Contributors
James Hudson
is a retired officer from the U.S. Navy who was qualified as a Naval Flight
Officer in the EA-6B “Prowler”. He received his PhD from King’s College
London in June 2011. He has previously been published in Joint Forces
Quarterly.
Alan Jeffreys
is Senior Curator, Social History at the Imperial War Museum. He is the
author of The British Army in the Far East 1941–1945 (Osprey, 2005), joint editor
of The Indian Army 1939–1947 (Ashgate, 2012) and is currently working on
Training the Indian Army, 1939–1945 (Ashgate, forthcoming).
Kevin Jones
was awarded his University of London PhD in 2005, and is now an indepen-
dent scholar and researcher. His most recent publication is ‘A Curb on
Ambition: Intelligence and the Planning of Eighth Army’s Liri Valley
Offensive, May 1944’ for Intelligence and National Security, while various
research activities since have included being the professional research
assistant for Denis Smyth’s Deathly Deception.
Paul Lemaire
is professeur certifié at Valenciennes, a lecturer in aerial strategy and a
reservist officer in the French Air Force. He specializes in aviation history and
in aerial strategy, writing his master’s degree thesis on “The merging of the
North Africa Air Force with FAFL (Free French Air Force ) between 1942 and
1945”. He is also a reserve officer in the French Armée de l’Air and a member of
the Institute for Higher National Defense Studies (IHEDN).
Ross Mahoney
is a PhD candidate at the Centre for War Studies, University of Birmingham
where he is examining the career of Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-
Mallory. He is a specialist in Air Power Studies. In 2011, he was a West Point
Fellow in Military History at the U.S. Military Academy.
Christopher Mann
is a senior lecturer in the Department of War Studies at the Royal Military
Academy Sandhurst and an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of
Scandinavian Studies, University College London. He has written on the
Norwegian Army in the Second World War and co-authored Hitler’s Arctic
War (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003).
notes on contributors ix
Cesar Campiani Maximiano
was born in São Paulo in 1971 and obtained a PhD in History at the University
of São Paulo in 2005. He currently teaches at the Brazilian Army Command
and Staff School in Rio de Janeiro. His most recent book is The Brazilian
Expeditionary Force 1943–1945, by Osprey Publishing.
Patrick Rose
received a PhD in War Studies from King’s College London in 2009 for a study
of command culture in the British Army between 1919 and 1945. He is a
former West Point Fellow in Military History, past winner of the Society for
Military History Russell F. Weigley Award, and co-editor and co-author of The
Indian Army 1939–1947 – Experience and Development (Ashgate, 2012).
Currently employed in the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, UK
Ministry of Defence, he has deployed several times to Afghanistan, most
recently as Senior Operational Analyst, Task Force Helmand.
Grant T. Weller
Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (Ph.D., Temple University, 2008), serves in the
Pentagon. He is a former Associate Professor of History at the U.S. Air Force
Academy, and is co-editor of Harnessing the Heavens: National Defense
through Space.
