Allen County Public Health

182 Pages·2015·6.35 MB·English

by  John Doe

Allen County
Allen County Health Risk and
Community Needs Assessment

2014

FOREWORD

We are pleased to present the 2014 Allen County Community Needs Assessment.
F
Since the late 1980s a variety of Allen County agencies have prepared and administered
individual needs assessments and community health assessments. This report marks the third
community assessment undertaken by a broad group of community agencies, with the first O
being completed in 2002. Over the years, these assessments have shown that individual health is
closely linked to community health – the health of the community and environment in which
individuals live, work, and play. Likewise, the community is profoundly affected by the collective
behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs of the people who live there. This assessment was designed to
identify the community issues, behavioral health issues, and physical health issues that residents R
of Allen County currently face, and to track the progress from previous assessments, where
applicable. As was the case in 2009, this assessment also includes data from an Allen County
youth survey. These youth will be our young adults for the next community needs assessment.
E
Needs assessments are generally time and money consuming projects and so, are only
completed periodically. Consider this report a “snapshot” of where the county stands in 2014 on
the identified issues.
W

We invite individuals, agencies and communities to take an active role in creating a better Allen
County.
Individuals can and must do more to Individuals can also get involved in their
promote their own health: community:
• maintain an active lifestyle ● volunteering for /attending neighborhood O
events
• choose healthy foods ● volunteering for /attending community
events
• avoid tobacco alcohol and drugs ● volunteering for /attending church events
• spend time with family and children
R
• be a good role model in the
community

D
Community agencies can use this data to:
• develop action plans,
• seek funding to address the issues identified, and
• measure their impact on the community.

This report would not have been possible without the assistance of a number of community
leaders and organizations. We thank them for their support in making this health assessment a
reality. We especially thank the residents of Allen County who responded to our community
survey.

Through individual and group efforts, as well as partnerships, we can continue to make Allen
County a better, healthier place to live. Let’s expand on achievements in the community,
address the concerns identified, and reverse unfavorable trends. Community support is critical
both now, and in the future, as we address the issues in this report, and long-term, as we
evaluate our progress through future needs assessments.

Sincerely,

The Allen County Health Risk and Community Needs Assessment Committee
This report has been coordinated by:

Activate Allen County
Allen County Healthy People 2020
Allen County Public Health
Lima Memorial Health System
Mental Health and Recovery Services Board
The Ohio State University at Lima
St. Rita’s Health Partners
United Way of Greater Lima

This report has been prepared under the direction of the Community Needs
Assessment Steering Committee:

Activate Allen County
Cheri Mitchell
Allen County Public Health
Kathy Luhn
Kim Rieman
Becky Dershem
Lima Memorial Health System
Anita Good
Cheryl Nagy
Mental Health and Recovery Services Board
Mike Schoenhofer
Kelly Monroe
The Ohio State University at Lima
Dr. John Snyder
St. Rita’s Health Partners
Amy Marcum
Mark Skaja
United Way of Greater Lima
Phil Hayne
Pro ject Management, Secondary Data, Data Collection, and Report Development

A
Hospital Council of Northwest Ohio
Britney L. Ward, MPH Margaret Wielinski, MPH
Director of Community Health Assistant Director of Community Health
Improvement Improvement C

Michelle Von Lehmden Amy Nagle

Health Assessment Coordinator Graduate Assistant
K
Nicole Miller Tessa Elliott

Graduate Assistant Graduate Assistant
N

Data Collection & Analysis

O
James H. Price, Ph.D., MPH Joseph A. Dake, Ph.D., MPH
Emeritus Professor of Health Education Professor and Chair of Health Education
University of Toledo University of Toledo
W

Timothy R. Jordan, Ph.D., M.Ed.

Professor of Health Education
University of Toledo
L

To see Allen County data compared to other counties, please visit the
E
Hospital Council of Northwest Ohio’s Data Link website at
http://www.hcno.org/community/data-indicator.html.
D

G
The 2014 Allen County Health Assessment is available on the following websites:

Hospital Council of Northwest Ohio -
http://www.hcno.org/community/reports.html
E

Allen County Public Health – http://www.allencountypublichealth.org
M

Contact Information

E
Kathy Luhn

Health Commissioner
Allen County Public Health N
219 E. Market St.
Lima, OH 45801
[phone]
T

S
TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PAGES 5-15
TREND SUMMARY PAGES 16-19

Adult Health (Ages 19 and Over)

HEALTH STATUS PERCEPTIONS PAGES 20-21
HEALTH CARE COVERAGE PAGES 22-24
HEALTH CARE ACCESS AND UTILIZATION PAGES 25-27
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH PAGES 28-33
CANCER PAGES 34-37
DIABETES PAGES 38-41
ARTHRITIS PAGES 42-43
ASTHMA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY DISEASE PAGES 44-46
WEIGHT STATUS PAGES 47-49
TOBACCO USE PAGES 50-55
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PAGES 56-64
DRUG USE PAGES 65-69
WOMEN’S HEALTH PAGES 70-73
MEN’S HEALTH PAGES 74-77
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCREENINGS PAGES 78-81
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES PAGES 82-89
QUALITY OF LIFE PAGES 90-92
SOCIAL CONTEXT AND SAFETY PAGES 93-99
MENTAL HEALTH AND SUICIDE PAGES 100-104
ORAL HEALTH PAGES 105-106
PARENTING PAGES 107-108

Youth Health (Ages 12-18)

WEIGHT CONTROL PAGES 109-112
TOBACCO USE PAGES 113-115
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PAGES 116-119
DRUG USE PAGES 120-123
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND TEEN PREGNANCY OUTCOMES PAGES 124-127
MENTAL HEALTH AND SUICIDE PAGES 128-130
YOUTH SAFETY PAGES 131-133
YOUTH VIOLENCE ISSUES PAGES 134-136

Appendices

HEALTH ASSESSMENT INFORMATION SOURCES APPENDIX I
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS APPENDIX II
WEIGHTING METHODS APPENDIX III
SCHOOL PARTICIPATION APPENDIX IV
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE APPENDIX V
DEMOGRAPHICS AND HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION APPENDIX VI
ADULT SURVEY APPENDIX VII
YOUTH SURVEY APPENDIX VIII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E

This executive summary provides an overview of health-related data for Allen County X
adults (19 years of age and older) and youth (ages 12 through 18) who participated in a county-
wide health assessment survey during 2014. The findings are based on self-administered surveys
using a structured questionnaire. The questions were modeled after the survey instruments used
E
by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for their national and state Behavioral Risk
Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). The
Hospital Council of Northwest Ohio collected the data, guided the health assessment process
C
and integrated sources of primary and secondary data into the final report.

Primary Data Collection Methods

DESIGN U

This community health assessment was cross-sectional in nature and included a written
survey of adults and adolescents within Allen County. From the beginning, community leaders
were actively engaged in the planning process and helped define the content, scope, and T
sequence of the study. Active engagement of community members throughout the planning
process is regarded as an important step in completing a valid needs assessment. I

V
INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT

Two survey instruments were designed and pilot tested for this study: one for adults and
one for adolescents. As a first step in the design process, health education researchers from the
E
University of Toledo and staff members from the Hospital Council of NW Ohio met to discuss
potential sources of valid and reliable survey items that would be appropriate for assessing the
health status and health needs of adults and adolescents. The investigators decided to derive the

majority of the adult survey items from the BRFSS. The majority of the survey items for the
S
adolescent survey were derived from the YRBSS. This decision was based on being able to
compare local data with state and national data.

U
The Project Coordinator from the Hospital Council of NW Ohio conducted a series of
meetings with the planning committee from Allen County. During these meetings, banks of
potential survey questions from the BRFSS and YRBSS surveys were reviewed and discussed. Based
on input from the Allen County planning committee, the Project Coordinator composed drafts of M
surveys containing 128 items for the adult survey and 80 items for the adolescent survey. The drafts
were reviewed and approved by health education researchers at the University of Toledo.
SAMPLING | Adult Survey

M
Adults ages 19 and over living in Allen County were used as the sampling frame for the
adult survey. Since U.S. Census Bureau age categories do not correspond exactly to this age
parameter, the investigators calculated the population of those 18 years and over living in Allen
County. There were 80,886 persons ages 18 and over living in Allen County. The investigators
conducted a power analysis to determine what sample size was needed to ensure a 95%
A
confidence level with a corresponding margin of error of 5% (i.e., we can be 95% sure that the
“true” population responses are within a 5% margin of error of the survey findings.) A sample size
of at least 383 adults was needed to ensure this level of confidence. The random sample of
mailing addresses of adults from Allen County was obtained from American Clearinghouse in
R
Louisville, KY.

SAMPLING | Adolescent Survey
Y
A sample size of 378 adolescents was needed to ensure a 95% confidence interval with a
corresponding 5% margin of error. Students were randomly selected and surveyed in the schools.

5
PROCEDURE | Adult Survey

Prior to mailing the survey to adults, an advance letter was mailed to 1,200 adults in Allen
County. This advance letter was personalized, printed on Allen County Community Health Assessment
Comittee stationery and was signed by Kathy Luhn, Health Commissioner, Allen County Public Health.
The letter introduced the county health assessment project and informed the readers that they may be
randomly selected to receive the survey. The letter also explained that the respondents’ confidentiality
would be protected and encouraged the readers to complete and return the survey promptly if they
were selected.

Two weeks following the advance letter, a three-wave mailing procedure was implemented to
maximize the survey return rate. The initial mailing included a personalized hand signed cover letter (on
Allen County Community Health Assessment Committee stationery) describing the purpose of the study;
a questionnaire printed on colored paper; a self-addressed stamped return envelope; and a $2
incentive. Approximately two weeks after the first mailing, a second wave mailing encouraging them to
reply, another copy of the questionnaire on colored paper, and another reply envelope was sent. A
third wave postcard was sent two weeks after the second wave mailing. Surveys returned as
undeliverable were not replaced with another potential respondent.

The response rate for the mailing was 40% (n=447: CI=+4.62). This return rate and sample size
means that the responses in the health assessment should be representative of the entire county.

PROCEDURE | Adolescent Survey

The survey was approved by all superintendents. Schools and grades were randomly selected.
Each student in that grade had to have an equal chance of being in the class that was selected, such
as a general English or health class. Classrooms were chosen by the school principal. Passive permission
slips were mailed home to parents of any student whose class was selected to participate. The
response rate was 90% (n=413: CI=+4.73)

DATA ANALYSIS

Individual responses were anonymous and confidential. Only group data are available. All data
were analyzed by health education researchers at the University of Toledo using SPSS 17.0. Crosstabs
were used to calculate descriptive statistics for the data presented in this report. To be representative of
Allen County, the adult data collected was weighted by age, gender, race, and income using 2010
census data. Multiple weightings were created based on this information to account for different types
of analyses. For more information on how the weightings were created and applied, see Appendix iii.

LIMITATIONS

As with all county assessments, it is important to consider the findings in light of all possible
limitations. First, the Allen County adult assessment had a high response rate. However, if any important
differences existed between the respondents and the non-respondents regarding the questions asked,
this would represent a threat to the external validity of the results (the generalizability of the results to the
population of Allen County). If there were little to no differences between respondents and non-
respondents, then this would not be a limitation.

Second, it is important to note that, although several questions were asked using the same
wording as the CDC questionnaires, the adult data collection method differed. CDC adult data were
collected using a set of questions from the total question bank and adults were asked the questions
over the telephone rather than as a mail survey. The youth CDC survey was administered in schools in a
similar fashion as this county health assessment.

6
Data Summary E

HEALTH PERCEPTIONS

X
In 2014, nearly half (45%) of the Allen County adults rated their health status as excellent or very
good. Conversely, 18% of adults, increasing to 21% of those over the age of 65, described their
health as fair or poor.
E

Allen County Adult Health Perceptions*

100%
13% 9% 10% C
18% 22% 20% 21% 19%

80% 38%

38% 38%
39% 30%
37%
60% 36% 38% U
41%

40% 39%

45% 42% 48% 53% 42% 52% 51% T
20% 38%

23%
I

0% V
Total Males Females Under 30 30-64 65 & Over Income Income Allen 2009
years <$25K $25K Plus

Excellent/Very Good Good Fair/Poor

E

*Respondents were asked: “Would you say that in general your health is excellent, very good, good, fair or
poor?”

HEALTH CARE COVERAGE S

The 2014 Health Assessment data has identified that 11% of Allen County adults were without
U
health care coverage. Those most likely to be uninsured were adult males and those with an
annual income level under $25,000. In Allen County, 15.0% of residents live below the poverty level
(Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 1 Year Estimate, 2013).

M

Uninsured Allen County Adults

30%

22% M
20%

14% 14%
13%
12%
11% A

10%
7%
6%
4%
R

0%
Total Males Females Under 30 30-64 Years 65 & Over Income Income Allen 2009
<$25K $25K Plus Y

7
HEALTH CARE ACCESS

The 2014 Health Assessment project identified that 62% of Allen County adults had visited a doctor for a
routine checkup in the past year. 33% of adults went outside of Allen County for health care services in
the past year.

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
Allen County
The 2014 Allen County Health Assessment found Leading Causes of Death
that 4% of adults had survived a heart attack 2013 (Preliminary)
and 3% had survived a stroke at some time in
Total Deaths: 1,065
their life. One-third (33%) of Allen County adults

had been diagnosed with high blood pressure, 1. Heart Disease (18% of all deaths)
32% had high blood cholesterol, 33% were 2. Cancer (18%)
obese, and 22% were smokers, four known risk 3. Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (5%)
factors for heart disease and stroke. Heart 4. Stroke (3%)
disease (18%) and stroke (3%) accounted for 21% 5. Accidents, Unintentional Injuries (2%)
of all Allen County adult deaths in 2013 (Source:
(Source: ODH Information Warehouse, 2013)
ODH Information Warehouse).

CANCER

Allen County
In 2014, 11% of Allen County adults had been Incidence of Cancer, 2007-2011
diagnosed with cancer at some time in their life.
All Types: 2,844 cases
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC) indicates that from 2007-2011, cancers  Lung and Bronchus: 452 cases (16%)
caused 23% (1,190 of 5,259 total deaths) of all  Breast: 365 cases (13%)
Allen County resident deaths, the second  Prostate: 360 cases (13%)
leading cause of death in the county. The  Colon and Rectum: 265 cases (9%)
American Cancer Society advises that not using
In 2010, there were 233 cancer deaths in Allen
tobacco products, maintaining a healthy
County.
weight, adopting a physically active lifestyle,

eating more fruits and vegetables, limiting (Source: Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System,
alcoholic beverages and early detection may ODH Information Warehouse, Updated 1/9/2014)

reduce overall cancer deaths.

DIABETES

In 2014, 12% of Allen County adults had been diagnosed with diabetes.

ARTHRITIS

According to the Allen County survey data, 27% of Allen County adults were diagnosed with arthritis.
According to the 2013 BRFSS, 30% of Ohio adults and 25% of U.S. adults were told they had arthritis.

ASTHMA

In 2014, 10% of Allen County adults had been diagnosed with asthma.

ADULT WEIGHT STATUS

The 2014 Health Assessment identified that 67% of Allen County adults were overweight or obese based
on Body Mass Index (BMI). The 2013 BRFSS indicates that 30% of Ohio and 29% of U.S. adults were obese
by BMI. One-third (33%) of Allen County adults were obese. More than two-fifths (45%) of adults were
trying to lose weight.

8