All About History. Book of History Year By Year

164 Pages·2016·175.24 MB·English

by  White Jon (Ed.)

NEW DOCUMENTING THE EVOLUTION OF THE WORLD
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HISTORY
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Ancient armour PPPPPrrrrreeeeehhhhhiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrriiiiiccccc tttttoooooooooolllllsssss Egyptian art Heroes & Heroines
Aristotle’s discoveries Religious artefacts Viking history Medieval weapons
Mapping the skies Roman times Life of the Aztecs Great leaders
002-003_AAHYearbyYear_01.indd 2 17/11/2014 16:29
Welcome to
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HISTORY
YEAR BY YEAR
Understanding the events that have come before us and how they
have shaped the world we live in is a fascinating subject. So o(cid:5) en,
we focus on specifi c dates such as 1066, 1215, 1914 and 1945, but
there’s so much more – going back so much further – that should
be recognised. In Volume 1 of this book, we take you from ancient
civilisations to medieval times, covering the origins of humanity
and ancient Egypt to the rise of the Roman empire and the
emergence of the Vikings. Displayed in an illustrative timeline
and packed with incredible details, facts and images, this is the
ideal learning tool for people of all ages, taking you on an exciting
journey through the history of the world.
002-003_AAHYearbyYear_01.indd 3 18/11/2014 11:28
162-163_AAHYearbyYear_01.indd 2 17/11/2014 17:05
BBooookk ooff
HISTORY
YEAR BY YEAR
Imagine Publishing Ltd
Richmond House
33 Richmond Hill
Bournemouth
Dorset BH2 6EZ
☎ [phone]
Website: www.imagine-publishing.co.uk
Publishing Director
Aaron Asadi
Head of Design
Ross Andrews
Editor
Jon White
Senior Art Editor
Greg Whitaker
Printed by
William Gibbons, 26 Planetary Road, Willenhall, West Midlands, WV13 3XT
Distributed in the UK, Eire & the Rest of the World by
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Distributed in Australia by
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Disclaimer
The publisher cannot accept responsibility for any unsolicited material lost or damaged in the
post. All text and layout is the copyright of Imagine Publishing Ltd. Nothing in this bookazine may
be reproduced in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher. All copyrights are
recognised and used specifically for the purpose of criticism and review. Although the bookazine has
endeavoured to ensure all information is correct at time of print, prices and availability may change.
This bookazine is fully independent and not affiliated in any way with the companies mentioned herein.
This bookazine is published under licence from Dorling Kindersley Limited. All rights in the
licensed material belong to Dorling Kindersley Limited and it may not be reproduced, whether in
whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Dorling Kindersley Limited. ©2014 Dorling
Kindersley Limited.
All About History Book of History Year by Year Volume 1 © 2014 Imagine Publishing Ltd
ISBN 978 1910 439 296
Part of the
bookazine series
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HUMAN
ORIGINS
8  3000 
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Our earliest ancestors lived in Africa almost eight million
years ago. Over seven million years later, we appeared and
developed the skills – including sophisticated tool-making
and agriculture – that allowed us to colonize the world.
008-019_AAHYearbyYear_01.indd 9 17/11/2014 16:42
8–4.5 MYA 4.5–2 MYA 2 –1.8 MYA 1.8–1.6 MYA
Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania is a site of great archaeological significance and it is sometimes referred
to as the “Cradle of Mankind”. At least two species of early hominin are associated with this area.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEVERAL DIFFERENT and still lived partially in trees. ULTIMATELY, THE
HUMAN AND OTHER APES DNA AUSTRALOPITHECINE species Their brains were about the size PARANTHROPINES’ WAY OF LIFE
and blood proteins suggest that lived in Africa between 4.2 and of those of modern chimpanzees, was unsuccessful and they became
Boxgrove
our lineage separated from that 2 MYA. Although they walked on but some australopithecines seem extinct after about 1.2 MYA, while Swanscombe
0.95 MYA Mauer
of the chimpanzees between two legs most of the time, they to have used tools. The earliest their cousins Homo habilis and Steinheim
Atapuerca
8 and 6 million years ago (MYA). were rather small and ape-like stone tools come from Ethiopia H. rudolfensis survived. These Tautavel 1.2 MYA EUROPE 1.6–1.3 MYA Zhoukoudian
Oton tlhy ias fteimwe f:o Sssaihl eslpaenctihmroepnus sd ate wanitdh dcautte m toa r2k.6s MmYaAd, eb ubty bsotonnees edaifrfelyr eHnotm froo msp eacuisetsr awloepreit hneoct ivneersy. Ceplar IaPsneinorentiaa Petralona Dmanisi ASIA LantianHeYxuiannxianNanjing
tchadensis (7–6 MYA), Orrorin tools have been found associated It was with Homo ergaster (1.8 Kocabas
wneitahr bAyu, satnrda ldoaptieth teoc 3u.s4 aMfaYAr.e Tnhseis tMoY Alo) othka mt ouucrh a mncoerset ofarsm sitlaiarrte. d Ubeidiya 1.7 MYA
7
MYA australopithecines’ descendants H. ergaster was tall and slender,
followed two distinct modes of and may have been the first MPORROEB ATHBLAYN Narmada
THE TIME life: members of the genus hominin (a term used to describe 1.8 MYA 1.5–1 MYA
Paranthropus had huge jaws humans and their ancestors)
Bodo
WHEN and big teeth for eating tough without much body hair. Their AFRICA
vegetable foods; meanwhile, Homo brains were larger than those of Konso-Gardula
THE FIRST Lake Turkana Koobi Fora
rudolfensis and H. habilis seem to their ancestors, and they lost the
HUMAN have eaten more protein, using last of their adaptations to Olduvai Gorge Olorgesailie SangiranTriMnioljokerto
Ngandong
tools to get at the protein-rich tree-climbing to become fully
ANCESTOR marrow inside long-bones by adapted to walking and running.
APPEARS scavenging from carnivore kills.
tugenensis (6.1–5 MYA), and OLDOWAN TOOL NOT LONG AFTER THE
two species of Ardipithecus, APPEARANCE of Homo ergaster,
kadabba (5.8–5.2 MYA) and hominins expanded their range
ramidus (4.4 MYA). While all beyond Africa for the first time.
of these species seem to A species called H. georgicus
have walked on two legs appeared in Dmanisi in Georgia by
like us, it is not certain 1.7 MYA. Another close relative of
whether any were actual Homo ergaster, Homo erectus,
ancestors of humans. lived in China and Indonesia
Because species are ACHEULEAN TOOL perhaps not long afterward.
constantly evolving, and Some archaeologists believe that
TOOLS
individuals of those species earlier groups of hominins may
can vary, it is difficult to tell also have left Africa, as some of
from isolated and often poorly Many animal species use natural objects as tools, but the the skulls from Dmanisi and from
preserved fossils which species manufacture of stone tools is unique to hominins. The earliest are the much later site of Liang Bua
they should be assigned to, or how simply sharp flakes broken off stone cobbles by striking them with in Flores in Indonesia (currently
Lucy
these are related to one another. a “hammerstone”. These are known as “Oldowan” tools, after known as Homo floresiensis)
This unusually complete skeleton
However, these fossils do tell us Olduvai Gorge where they were first found. Later tools, such as resemble those of Homo habilis
of Australopithecus afarensis,
a great deal about what the last discovered in Kenya in 1974, was Acheulean handaxes, required more skill. Our manufacture of tools and Homo rudolfensis.
common ancestor we shared named after the Beatles’ song might be one explanation for the evolution of the human brain. Living further north would have
with chimpanzees was like. “Lucy in the sky with diamonds”. required a different way of life
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10
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