Alkyd-acrylic composite emulsions

144 Pages·2017·9.4 MB·English

Alkyd-acrylic composite emulsions : polymerization and
morphology
Citation for published version (APA):
Nabuurs, T. (1997). Alkyd-acrylic composite emulsions : polymerization and morphology. [Phd Thesis 2
(Research NOT TU/e / Graduation TU/e), Chemical Engineering and Chemistry]. Technische Universiteit
Eindhoven.
Document status and date:
Published: 01/01/1997
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Download date: 20. Jan. 2023

Alkyd-Acrylic Composite Emulsions
Polymerization and Morphology
CIP-DATA LIBRARY TECHN1SCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN
Nabuurs, Tijs
Alkyd-Acrylic Composite Emulsions : Polymerization and Morphology I by Tijs Nabuurs. -
Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1997.
Proefschrift. -
ISBN 90-386-0978-7
NUGI 813
Trefw.: emulsiepolymerisatie I polymeerstrctuur I composietpolymeren
Subject headings : emulsion polymerization I polymer morphology
Cover design by Loes Nabuurs
Alkyd-Acrylic Composite Emulsions
Polymerization and Morphology
PROEFSCHRIFT
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Teclmische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van
de Rector Magnificus, prof.dr. M. Rem, voor
een commissie aangewezen door het College van
Dekanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op
woensdag 23 april 1997 om 16.00 uur
door
TIJS NABUURS
geboren te Amersfoort
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door
de promotoren prof. dr. ir. A.L. German
prof. dr. R. van der Linde
de co-promotoren · dr. J.J.G.S. vanEs
dr. A. Hofland
The work in this thesis was financially supported by DSM Resins bv.
Contents
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical background 2
1.3 Objective and scope of the thesis 6
1.4 References 9
CHAPTER2
Preparation of alkyds with built-in sulfonate groups 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Experimental 15
2.3 Results and discussion 17
Preparation process 17
Coloration of the alkyd 19
Molecular weight and viscosity 21
Interfacial tension 23
Predictions concerning emulsification efficiency 24
2.4 References 25
CHAPTER3
Alkyd emulsions stabilized by built-in sulfonate groups; 27
emulsification, mechanical stability and rheology
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Experimental 28
3.3 Results and discussion 30
Emulsification 30
Surface charge density 34
Mechanical stability 36
Rheology 41
3.4 References 45
CHAPTER4
Morphology prediction of alkyd-poly(methyl methacrylate) 47
composite emulsions prepared by batch emulsion polymerization
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Experimental 51
4.3 Results and discussion 53
4.4 References 62
CHAPTERS
Batch emulsion-like polymerization of methyl methacrylate 65
in the presence of colloidally dispersed alkyd
5.1 Introduction 66
5.2 Experimental 66
5.3 Results and discussion 69
Polymerization mechanism ofMMA in the presence of alkyd
droplets colloidally dispersed in water 69
Fate of the alkyd radicals following chain transfer 79
5.4 References 84
CHAPTER6
Semi-continuous polymerization in emulsion of methyl methacrylate 87
in the presence of colloidal alkyd droplets; particle formation and morphology
6.1 Introduction 88
6.2 Experimental 89
6.3 Results and discussion 91
Particle morphology 91
Molecular weight of the p"Ml'vtA phase 94
Molecular weight of the alkyd phase 96
Mechanism of particle fonnation 97
6.7 References 100
CHAP1ER 7
The polymerization of methyl methacrylate using an autoxidized alkyd 101
emulsified in water as initiator
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 Experimental 104
7.3 Results and discussion 105
Peroxidation and decomposition of the hydroperoxide groups 105
The polymerization of"Ml'vtA initiated by alkyd hydroperoxide groups l 08
Grafting 114
7.4 References 118
Epilogue 121
Summary 125
Sam en vatting 129
Dankwoord 133
Curriculum Vitae 135
CHAPTERl
Introduction
Summary This chapter gives an overview of the developments in paint history which
led to water-based alkyd-acrylic composite emulsions, or hybrids. Alkyd-acrylic
composite emulsions are briefly introduced and the scope of the thesis is elaborated.
1.1 Introduction
Since long, paints have been used to improve aesthetic properties and protect almost every possible
user's item against decay and fouling. In general, paints comprise a pigment, a continuous phase (a
solvent or diluent), and a polymer binder. The pigment is mainly added for reasons of aesthetics but
in some cases because ofits contribution to application properties of the coating, like hardness and
outdoor durability It is the polymer binder, however, that is used to provide for the actual
[II.
protection of the substrate and to add properties like gloss and adhesion to the paint. Over the
years, many types and combinations of polymers have been developed for use as binders in paints,
some of which will be mentioned in the next section. Each polymer binder was developed because
of its typical combination of properties necessary for a certain area of application. When a particular
set of properties was wanted, this often could not be obtained by using only one type of binder, so
in many cases different binders were blended, or copolymerized, in order to combine the properties
of the separate polymers in the final binder.
The work described in this thesis is connected with such a combination of two polymers in one
binder, namely alkyd and acrylic polymer. The resulting binder will be referred to as an alkyd
acrylic composite emulsion.