Alkaloids - Nadjeeb's Blog

16 Pages·2009·3.78 MB·English

by  Ahmad Najib

Alkaloids
Alkaloids, group of mildly
alkaline compounds, mostly of
plant origin and of moderate
molecular complexity. Even in
very small amounts, the alkaloids
produce strong physiological
effects on the body. All contain
nitrogen atoms that are
structurally related to those of
ammonia.
Nearly 3000 alkaloids have been

recorded the first to be prepared
synthetically (1886) was one of
the simplest, called coniine, or 2-
propyl piperidine, C5H10NC3H7.
It is highly poisonous; less than
0.2 g (0.007 oz) is fatal. Coniine,
obtained from seeds of the
hemlock, was the poison used in
the execution of Socrates.
Some 30 of the known alkaloids

are used in medicine. For
example, atropine, obtained from
belladonna, causes dilation of the
pupils; morphine is a painkiller;
quinine is a specific remedy for
malaria; nicotine is a potent
insecticide; and reserpine is a
valuable tranquilizer.
Pembentukan
Pada Biji (Nux vomica, Areca Semen)

Pada Buah (Piperis nigri Fructus)

Pada Daun (Belladonnae Folium)

Pada Akar Atau Rhizoma

(Ipekak Rhizoma, Belladona Rhizoma)
Kulit Batang (Cinchonae Cortex)

Tumbuhan Atropa belladona
Tumbuhan Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Tata Nama
Basa Organik  Piridina

N. Genus  Hidrastina, Atropina

N. Jenis  Kokaina, Belladonina

N. Umum  Ergotamina

Aktivitas FisiologikEmetina, Morfina

Nama Penemu Pelletierina

Fungsi Alkaloid
Sebagai Racun

Hasil Akhir Dari Reaksi Detoksifikasi

(Metabolit Akhir Pada Tumbuhan
Yang Membahayakan Baginya)
Sebagai Faktor Pertumbuhan

Tanaman
Sebagai Cadangan Makanan

Pembagian Alkaloid
1. Piridina-Piperidina
2. Tropan
3. Kuinolina
4. Isokuinolina
5. Indol