Alien Rule

216 Pages·2013·1.81 MB·English

by  Michael Hechter

Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-04254-4 - Alien Rule
Michael Hechter
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Alien Rule
This book argues that alien rule can become legitimate to the extent
that it provides governance that is both effective and fair. Governance
is effective to the degree that citizens have access to an expanding econ-
omy and an ample supply of culturally appropriate collective goods.
Governance is fair to the degree that rulers act according to the stric-
tures of procedural justice. These twin conditions help account for
the legitimation of alien rulers in organizations of markedly different
scales. The book applies these principles to the legitimation of alien rul-
ers in states (the Republic of Genoa, nineteenth- and twentieth-c entury
China, and modern Iraq), colonies (Taiwan and Korea under Japanese
rule), and occupation regimes, as well as in less encompassing organiza-
tions such as universities (academic receivership), corporations (merg-
ers and acquisitions), and stepfamilies. Finally, it speculates about the
possibility of an international market in governance services.
Michael Hechter is Foundation Professor of Political Science at Arizona
State University and Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University
of Washington. Author of I nternal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe
in British National Development , Principles of Group Solidarity ,
and Containing Nationalism , he has edited fi ve books and written
numerous articles in academic journals. A Fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, his works have been translated into
Chinese, Japanese, French, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Arabic, Romanian,
Hungarian, and Georgian.
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-04254-4 - Alien Rule
Michael Hechter
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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-04254-4 - Alien Rule
Michael Hechter
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Cambridge Studies in Comparative P olitics
General Editor
Margaret Levi University of Washington, Seattle
Assistant General Editors
Kathleen Thelen Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Erik Wibbels Duke University
Associate Editors
Robert H. Bates Harvard University
Gary Cox Stanford University
Stephen Hanson The College of William and Mary
Torben Iversen Harvard University
Stathis Kalyvas Yale University
Peter Lange Duke University
Helen Milner Princeton University
Frances Rosenbluth Yale University
Susan Stokes Yale University
Sidney Tarrow Cornell University
Other Books in the Series
Ben W. Ansell , From the Ballot to the Blackboard: The Redistributive Political
Economy of Education
Leonardo R. Arriola , Multi-E thnic Coalitions in Africa: Business Financing of
Opposition Election Campaigns
David Austen-S mith , Jeffry A. Frieden , Miriam A. Golden , Karl Ove Moene ,
and A dam Przeworski , eds., Selected Works of Michael Wallerstein: The
Political Economy of Inequality, Unions, and Social Democracy
Andy Baker , T he Market and the Masses in Latin America: Policy Reform and
Consumption in Liberalizing Economies
Lisa Baldez , Why Women Protest: Women’s Movements in Chile
Stefano Bartolini , The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860–1980:
The Class Cleavage
(continued after the index)
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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-04254-4 - Alien Rule
Michael Hechter
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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-04254-4 - Alien Rule
Michael Hechter
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Alien R ule
MICHAEL HECHTER
Arizona State University

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-04254-4 - Alien Rule
Michael Hechter
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© Michael Hechter 2 013
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
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no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2 013
Printed in the United States of America
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data
Hechter, Michael.
Alien rule / Michael Hechter.
pages cm. (Cambridge studies in comparative politics)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-107-04254-4 (hardback) – ISBN 978-1-107-61714-8 (paperback)
1. Legitimacy of governments – Case studies. 2. Sovereignty – Case studies.
3. Military occupation – Case studies. 4. Imperialism – Case studies. I. Title.
JC497.H43 2013
325′.3–dc23 2013014271
ISBN 978- 1- 107- 04254- 4 Hardback
I SBN 978- 1- 107- 61714- 8 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of
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and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
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Michael Hechter
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For Oscar, Caroline, and K atharine
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Melians: And how could it be just as good for us to be the slaves as for
you to be the masters?
Athenians: You, by giving in, would save yourselves from disaster; we, by
not destroying you, would be able to profi t from you.
– T huycidides
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Contents
List of Figures and Photographs page x i
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
Roots of the Antipathy toward Foreigners 7
Roots of the Antipathy to Rule 9
Legitimacy 14
Measuring L egitimacy 1 9
Legitimacy and Alien Rule 21
Plan of the Book 2 4
2 Alien Rule and Its Discontents 27
Alien Rule Elected 32
Alien Rule Imposed 35
Implications 38
The Legitimation of Alien Rule 40
Conclusion 43
3 The Failure of Legitimate Rule in Iraq 46
The Dilemma of Governance in Iraq 46
Indirect and Direct Rule 48
Social Order and Forms of Governance 5 1
Iraq under Alien Rule 5 6
Iraq under the Ottomans 56
Iraq under British Rule 60
Iraq under Native Rule 6 5
Implications 70
4 Resistance to Alien Rule in Taiwan and Korea 75
Explaining Resistance to Alien Rule 76
Resistance to Japanese Rule 77
ix
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x Contents
Alternative Explanations 81
Supply Factors: Rebels and Collaborators 8 2
Social Structure 82
Collaboration 83
Demand Factors: The Effects of Japanese Rule 86
Economy 86
Culture 88
Governance 91
Conclusion 93
5 Dynamics of Military Occupation 96
Macroanalysis 9 7
Regime Characteristics 97
Legitimating Occupation Regimes 101
Microanalysis 103
An Example: Palestinian Collaboration with Israel in the
Occupied Territories 106
Societal Characteristics 111
Exogenous Factors 114
Conclusion 116
6 Academic Receivership as Alien Rule 1 19
by Gail D ubrow and Debra Friedman
The Risk of Receivership 120
Departmental Characteristics 121
Precipitating Conditions 123
Departmental Reactions 127
The Importance of Disciplinarity 128
The Selection of Department Chairs 129
Preference for Native Rule 131
Selection of Alien Rulers 132
Willingness to Serve 133
Conclusion 136
7 Conclusion 138
Legitimating Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions 142
Legitimating Stepparents 148
The Future of Alien Rule 153
An International Market in Governance Services? 155
Bibliography 159
Index 187
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