Algal Green Chemistry. Recent Progress in Biotechnology

322 Pages·2017·16.16 MB·English

by  Rajesh Prasad Rastogi

ALGAL GREEN
CHEMISTRY
RECENT PROGRESS
IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Edited by
R P R
AJESH RASAD ASTOGI
SardarPatelUniversity, Anand,Gujarat,India
D M
ATTA ADAMWAR
SardarPatelUniversity, Anand,Gujarat,India
A P
SHOK ANDEY
Center ofInnovativeandAppliedBioprocessing, Mohali,Punjab,India
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Contributors
C.Agrawal BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi, C.D. Miller Utah State University, Logan, UT,
India UnitedStates
M. Arumugam National Institute for Inter- A.N. Modenes The Stephan Angeloff Institute
disciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), ofMicrobiology, Sofia,Bulgaria
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research H.Najdenski TheStephanAngeloffInstituteof
(CSIR),Trivandrum,Kerala,India Microbiology,Sofia,Bulgaria
A. Bharti ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research H.Nakamoto SaitamaUniversity,Saitama,Japan
Institute (IARI),NewDelhi, India
S. Pabbi ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research
H. Chakdar ICAR-National Bureau of Agri- Institute (IARI),NewDelhi, India
culturallyImportantMicroorganisms(NBAIM),
A. Pandey Center of Innovative and Applied
Mau,India
Bioprocessing,Mohali,Punjab,India
A. Chatterjee Banaras Hindu University,
R.Prasanna ICAR-IndianAgriculturalResearch
Varanasi,India
Institute (IARI),NewDelhi, India
L. Contreras-Porcia Universidad Andres Bello,
A. Rahman NASA Ames Research Center,
Santiago,Chile
MoffettField,CA,UnitedStates
B. Fernandes University of Minho, Braga,
R.Rai BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,India
Portugal
L.C.Rai BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,India
P.Geada University ofMinho,Braga,Portugal
K. Rajesh CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical
A. Hongsthong National Center for Genetic
Technology(CSIR-IICT),Hyderabad,Telangana,
Engineering and Biotechnology at King
Mongkut’sUniversityofTechnologyThonburi, India; Academy for Scientific and Industrial
Research(AcSIR),India
Bangkok,Thailand
P.J. Ralph University of Technology Sydney
S. Jantaro Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,
(UTS),Sydney,NSW,Australia
Thailand
R.P. Rastogi Sardar Patel University, Anand,
H.Kageyama MeijoUniversity,Nagoya,Japan
Gujarat,India
S.Kanwal ChulalongkornUniversity,Bangkok,
M.V. Rohit CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical
Thailand
Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Telan-
A.D. Kroumov The Stephan Angeloff Institute gana, India; Academy for Scientific and
ofMicrobiology,Sofia,Bulgaria IndustrialResearch (AcSIR),India
M. Kumar University of Technology Sydney F.B.Scheufele TheStephanAngeloffInstituteof
(UTS),Sydney,NSW, Australia Microbiology,Sofia,Bulgaria
U.Kuzhiumparambil UniversityofTechnology J. Senachak National Center for Genetic
Sydney(UTS), Sydney,NSW,Australia
Engineering and Biotechnology at King
D. Madamwar Sardar Patel University, Anand, Mongkut’sUniversityofTechnologyThonburi,
Gujarat,India Bangkok,Thailand
ix
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CONTRIBUTORS
S. Singh Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, V. Vasconcelos University Porto, Porto,
India Portugal
R.R. Sonani Sardar Patel University, Anand, S. Venkata Mohan CSIR-Indian Institute of
Gujarat,India ChemicalTechnology(CSIR-IICT),Hyderabad,
T.Takabe MeijoUniversity,Nagoya,Japan Telangana,India; AcademyforScientificand
Industrial Research (AcSIR),India
Y.Tanaka MeijoUniversity,Nagoya,Japan
A.Vicente UniversityofMinho,Braga,Portugal
S. Thapa ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research
R.Waditee-Sirisattha ChulalongkornUniversity,
Institute (IARI),NewDelhi, India
Bangkok,Thailand
D.E.G. Trigueros The Stephan Angeloff
Institute ofMicrobiology,Sofia,Bulgaria S. Yadav Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
India
A. Udayan National Institute for Interdiscipli-
nary Science and technology (NIIST), Council M.Zaharieva TheStephanAngeloffInstituteof
of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Microbiology, Sofia,Bulgaria
Trivandrum,Kerala,India
’
Editor s Biography
Rajesh Prasad Rastogi, PhD
Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel
University, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315,
Anand, Gujarat, India
Phone: þ91-958-669-7525, Email: [email protected]
Dr. Rajesh Prasad Rastogi is currently a research scientist at
Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Uni-
versity, Gujarat, India. He obtained his PhD in photobiology
and molecular biology of cyanobacteria at Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi, India, where he contributed to studies
related to DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Dr. Rastogi
had postdoctoral stints on algal/cyanobacterial biotechnology
in South Korea and Thailand. He was a visiting scientist at
Friedrich Alexander University, Nuremberg, Germany and served as a visiting professor of
biochemistryatChulalongkornUniversity,Thailand.Hismainresearchinterestisonalgaeor
cyanobacteria with main focus on the biosynthesis of various pigments and UV photo-
protectantsandtheirpotential application astherapeuticsorcosmeceuticals.Dr.Rastogihas
explored several photoprotective biomolecules having great capacity to absorb high-energy
photons. He has published a number of research papers in journals of international repute
and several book chapters. He is an editorial board member for some national and interna-
tionaljournalssuchasFrontiersinMicrobiology,Switzerland.Heisalifememberofseveral
scientific organizations such as BRSI, AMI, and ISEB and has been conferred with BRSI-
Malviya Memorial Award for his outstanding research performance and significant contri-
butions in the field of microbial biotechnology.
Datta Madamwar, PhD, FBRS, FAMI, FABAP, FGSA
Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel
University, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Bakrol 388 315,
Anand, Gujarat, India
Phone: þ91-982-568-6025
Email: [email protected],
[email protected]
Dr. Datta Madamwar, currently Professor, Post Grad-
uate Department of Biosciences and Dean, Faculty of
Science at Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar,
Gujarat,India,gothisPhDfromBITS,Pilani.Hehasavast
research experience as a postdoctoral fellow at TIFR,
xi
xii
EDITOR’SBIOGRAPHY
Mumbai, Universistat Frankfurt, Germany, Universitst at Konstanz, Germany, and also
served at BITS, Pilani. Professor Madamwar is a Microbial Biotechnologist with diverse
research interest. His current main focus is on nonaqueous enzymology, industrial liquid
waste management, and cyanobacterial phybiliproteins. Dr. Madamwar has provided a
concept for the enzyme catalysis in apolar organic solvents without the loss of enzyme ac-
tivity. He has reported various novel, efficient, and rapid methods of purification of phy-
cobiliproteins. The phycoerythrin has been purified to the highest purity level 5:70 ever
achieved so far. This has laid to crystallization and structure determination of a-subunit of
phycoerythrin. He is a recipient of European Commission Visiting Scientist Fellowship, a
FellowofBiotechResearchSocietyofIndia,FellowofAssociationofMicrobiologistsofIndia,
Fellow of Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy and Gujarat Science Academy, and
member of several academic bodies. Dr. Madamwar worked as Visiting Professor at Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, EPFL-ENAC-SGC, Lausanne, Switzerland in
2009 and University of Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France in 2016. Dr. Madamwar is a
member of several taskforce and advisory committees of the National funding agencies like
DBT, DST, GSBTM. He is also a member of editorial board of several national and interna-
tional journals such as Bioresource Technology, Elsevier, and Current Biotechnology. Pro-
fessor Madamwar has more than 230 research publications and several book chapters and
one US patent to his credit.
Ashok Pandey, PhD, FBRS, FRSB, FNASc, FIOBB, FAMI,
FISEES
Eminent Scientist
Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing
(AnationalinstituteunderDepartmentofBiotechnology,
Ministry of S&T, Govt of India)
C-127, 2nd Floor, Phase 8 Industrial Area, SAS Nagar,
Mohali-160 071, Punjab, India
Tel: þ91-172-499 0214, Email: [email protected],
[email protected]
Professor Ashok Pandey is an eminent scientist at the
Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali
(a national institute under Department of Biotechnology,
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India)
and former Chief Scientist and Head of Biotechnology
Division at CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology at Tri-
vandrum. He is the adjunct Professor at MACFAST, Thiruvalla, Kerala and Kalaslingam
University, Krishnan Koil, Tamil Nadu. His major research interests are in the areas of mi-
crobial, enzyme, and bioprocess technology, which span over various programs, including
biomasstofuelsandchemicals,probioticsandnutraceuticals,industrialenzymes,solid-state
fermentation, etc. He has more than 1100 publications/communications, which include 16
patents, more than 50 books, 125 book chapters, 425 original and review papers, etc. with h
index of 79 and more than 25,000 citations (Goggle scholar). He has transferred four
xiii
EDITOR’SBIOGRAPHY
technologiestoindustriesandhasdoneindustrialconsultancyforaboutadozenprojectsfor
Indian/international industries. He is the editor-in-chief of a book series on Current
Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, comprising nine books published by
Elsevier.
Professor Pandey is the recipient of many national and international awards and fel-
lowships,whichincludeFellow,RoyalSocietyofBiology,UK;ElectedMemberofEuropean
Academy of Sciences and Arts, Germany; Fellow of International Society for Energy,
Environment and Sustainability; Fellow of National Academy of Science (India); Fellow of
the Biotech Research Society, India; Fellow of International Organization of Biotechnology
and Bioengineering; Fellow of Association of Microbiologists of India; Honorary Doctorate
degree from Univesite Blaise Pascal, France; Thomson Scientific India Citation Laureate
Award, USA; Lupin Visiting Fellowship, Visiting Professor in the University Blaise Pascal,
France; Federal University of Parana, Brazil and EPFL, Switzerland, Best Scientific Work
Achievement award, Govt of Cuba; UNESCO Professor; Raman Research Fellowship
Award,CSIR;GBF,GermanyandCNRS,FranceFellowship;YoungScientistAward,etc.He
was the Chairman of the International Society of Food, Agriculture and Environment,
Finland (Food & Health) during 2003e2004. He is the Founder President of the Biotech
Research Society, India (www.brsi.in); International Coordinator of International Forum on
IndustrialBioprocesses,France(www.ifibiop.org),ChairmanoftheInternationalSocietyfor
Energy, Environment & Sustainability (www.isees.org), and Vice-President of All India
Biotech Association (www.aibaonline.com). Prof Pandey is Editor-in-chief of Bioresource
Technology, Honorary Executive Advisors of Journal of Water Sustainability and Journal of
Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Subject editor of Proceedings of National Academy of
Sciences(India)andeditorialboardmemberofseveralinternationalandIndianjournals,and
also member of several national and international committees.
Preface
Algae, including cyanobacteria, are the maybeexploitedasdrugleads.Inthepastfew
most primitive and dominant photosynthetic decades, numerous industries have been
lifeovertheplanet,whichplayacrucialrolefor established worldwide for the production of
sustainabilityand development ofentire eco- algae-basedvalue-addedgreenproductswith
systems. They are ubiquitous in freshwater markedapplicationsinthe food, pharmaceu-
andmarinehabitats,andconsideredasmajor tical,cosmetics,agriculture,andenergysectors
biomass producers, maintaining the trophic forthebenefitofhumanwelfareandsustain-
energy dynamics of both aquatic and terres- ablefuture.
trial ecosystems. It has been estimated that The present book “Algal Green Chemis-
prokaryotic and eukaryotic microalgae ac- try: Recent Progress in Biotechnology” pre-
count for more than 40% of the Earth’s net sents state-of-the-art information on various
primary photosynthetic productivity and eco-friendly products or processes from
convert solar energy into biomass-stored algae/cyanobacteria by the internationally
chemicalenergy.Owingtoobstinatesurvival recognized experts and subject matter ex-
in assorted environments, these organisms perts. It is certainly not possible to consider
evolved a range of chemicals or secondary all aspects of algal biology as mentioned
compounds,eachwithspecializedfunctionsto above in a single volume book but efforts
competesuccessfullyontheplanet.Moreover, have been made here to provide most
algaeareimmensesourcesofseveralvaluable comprehensive and related information.
natural products of ecological and economic Accordingly, the book contains 14 chapters
importance.Duringthepastfewyears,thereis with macro-level attempt to address the key
growing interest in fresh and marine algal concepts of knowledge associated with
biochemistry to explore the important chem- recent advances on promising algal biotech-
icals or metabolic processes or pathways for nology. Recent progress on the research of
the competent progress in metabolic engi- osmoprotectant molecules in halophilic
neeringandfuturebiotechnologicalmissionat algae/cyanobacteria with their possible
global level. The development of green algal biotechnological application is discussed.
technology for bioremediation, ecofriendly Some chemical compounds such as
andalternativerenewableenergyorbiofuels, mycosporine-like amino acids and scytone-
biofertilizers, biogenic biocides, cosmeceut- min (Scy) are recognized as strong UV-
icals,sunscreens,antibiotics,antiaging,andan absorbing/screening biomolecules that can
array of other biotechnologically important be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical in-
chemicals may prove a prodigious boon for dustries for development of novel drugs.
humanlifeandtheircontiguousenvironment. Recent advances in synthesis and bio-
Inrecenttimes,anumberofnovelalgalprod- functionalities of some UV-sunscreens from
ucts of potential commercial values ensued algaearediscussedwithspecialemphasison
fromadvancesinalgalgreenchemistry,which their potential use as cosmeceuticals.
xv
xvi
PREFACE
Algaeandcyanobacteriahavegreatability acid) and polyamines (PAs) derived from
to absorb greenhouse gas (CO ) and can be microalgae are focused in a chapter. Pro-
2
grown at large-scale outdoor cultures for duction of PAs in marine macrophytes in
production of bioproduct. Genome- and response to abiotic stress conditions is also
proteome-wide analyses for targeted manip- conferred. Sustainable agriculture is ad-
ulation and enhancement of bioproducts in vantageous over conventional agriculture
cyanobacteria is discussed in a chapter. for its capacity to accomplish food demand
Microalgae are rich source of several nutri- by utilizing environmental resources
tionally important compounds such as pro- withoutnegativelyaffectingit.Anoverview
teins, pigments, carbohydrates, poly of the role of algae as biofertilizers is well
unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers, and documentedinachapter.Apartofthebook
bioactive compounds with wide range of combines the technoeconomic analysis as
health benefits. A chapter is focused on the well as innovative approaches and
production of different nutraceuticals of mi- achievements in modeling of microalgal
cro- or macroalgal origin with their processfortheproductionofbioenergyand
biochemical properties and health benefits. high-value coproducts. Optimizing large-
Naturehavedevisedinherentdefensesystem scale culture cultivation arises as a perma-
comprises of several antioxidants to fight nent need at industrial scale to increase the
againstoxidativestressinvariousorganisms. cost-effective production of algal biomass.
A chapter summarizes an overall update in This is discussed in a chapter addressing
the field of “algal antioxidants” and their several important issues occurring during
promising applications in pharmaceutical microalgal biomass cultivation. Finally, a
and biomedical research in therapeutics of chapter evaluates the algal biofilms and
various physiological anomalies, including their significance in agriculture and envi-
aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. ronmental biology for bioremediation and
Microalgae-basedcarotenoidproductionisof nutrient sequestration. Moreover, prodi-
great interest in the recent times owing to gious research in the field of algal green
their high commercial values. A chapter chemistry will certainly be a windfall in the
tends to provide an overview of caroteno- field of environmental biotechnology, green
genesis from microalgae. Health-promoting energy, and various aspects of agricultural
properties of various algal pigments are as well as biomedical research and
also provided in some details. There biochemical industries for sustainable
is worldwide increasing demand for development of current and future
bioplastics. Microalgae-derived bioplastics populations.
are biodegradable, which also makes them We strongly feel that the contents of the
eco-friendly. A chapter discusses both direct book would be of special interest to the
usage of microalgal biomass and derivatized graduate/postgraduate students, teachers,
microalgaebiomassforbioplasticproduction. biochemists, researchers in the fields of
Recent advances and up-to-date knowl- applied and environmental microbiology,
edge on low-molecular-weight nitrogenous medical microbiology, microbial biotech-
compounds such as GABA (g-aminobutyric nology, and metabolic engineers engaged in
xvii
PREFACE
thedevelopmentofalgae-basedbioproducts. particular chapters for critical inputs to
As it is expected, the current context and improve the articles. We are extremely
discourse on algal green chemistry will be thankful to Dr. Marinakis Kostas, Dr. Chris-
highly promising for facilitating the readers tine McElvenny, and the entire team of
towardfront-lineknowledgeofalgalbiology Elsevier for their cooperation and efforts in
and biotechnology for process and product producing this book.
development.
We thank authors of all the articles for Editors
their kind cooperation and also for their Rajesh Prasad Rastogi
readiness in revising the manuscripts in a Datta Madamwar
specified time frame. We also appreciate the Ashok Pandey
consistent support from the reviewers of