Table Of ContentBe usic THEORY
The Staff, Notes and Pitches
‘Music is written on a STAFF of five
lines and the four spaces between,
The STAFF
‘Music NOTES are oval-shaped symbols that are placed on the ines —————e 55—
and in the spaces. They represent musical sounds, called PITCHES. —=@—SE—————
The lines of the statt are numbered
from botiom to top.
‘The spaces between the lines are also
numbered from bottom ta top.
I the notes appear higher on the staff, they sound higher in piten.
I the notes appear fower o7 the staff, they sound! ower in pitch
re
== =~
7 =
S = = =
Higher Lewer lower Higher Lover Lower
Exercises
E2220 2 staf by connecting the dots. : 2
Use a ruler or straight edge. Number the!
Hines then the spaces from low to high. 7
By eset,
mark an Xin the = =
following locations:
Lire Space2 Line? Spaces Lines Spacei Lined Space? Line 2
Write notes like
this O on the
following lines
and spaces: Space2 tne3 Space Line S Space 3 Line2 ine#
Indicate whether ° oo
the2ndnote's Sg rear =
higher or lower
than the 1s: note H
by using an
H (highed or L (ower).
ae —
‘Treble Clef and Staff -
Music notes are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet, from A to G.
By their pasion on the staff, they can represent the entire range of musical sound.
CLEF signs help to organize the staff so notes can easily be read,
The TREBLE CLEF is used for notes in the higher pitch e
ranges. The treble (or G) clef has evolved from a into the presen:
stylized letter G:
OF}
The curl of the treble clef circles the line on which The TREBLE STAFF
the note G Is placed. This G Is above MIDDLE C ae
{the C nearest the middle of the keyboard ==
e
Line Notes All the notes of the TREBLE STAFF:
In the treble staff,
the names of the
notes on the lines
from bottom to top
SEG EDR Every Good Boy Does Fine
The names of the Space Notes
notes in the spaces
from bottom to top
spell FACE.
FACE
Exercises
El Te treble cet i Wasa Dacia
written in two bate ge Matte
motions. Trace along —f
the dotted ines as
indicated, then draw
four mora.
Ey Wite the fetter names
Of the following notes,
Use capital letters,
Ey ite the notes or
the staff indicated
by the letters. if the
notes can be wrtten
in two places, write
‘one above the ather.
Bass Clef and Staff
‘Me BASS CLF (ronunced a"
tied for notes te emer ph :
Tages Them or cef hs Pino the present EE
‘el Foye ee =
‘The BASS STAFF
The two dots of the bass clef surraund the line on
Uhehitenctr soles thst sew mitec, SEES
Line Notes All the notes of the BASS STAFF:
m
Space Notes // | \
Ltt
Le SSE aE ae
from bottom fe top <a
In tre bass staf
‘the names of the iE
notes onthe lines
{tom bottom to top| ————2———
are G,B, D, FA. Good Boys Do Fine Always ia
TTT I
TITTY |
Exercises ——$—__.
setittenin four Bale nine CUS ne Beading eh ne
the dotted lines 26 “92 TREAT OUEST
indicated, then draw cal a
:
SS
Br we te rtesn
est iad
mieten te IE
notes can be written
in two places, write
tone above the other. ¢ B Cc F E A dD G
The Grand Staff.
When the bass and
treble staffs are
connected by a brace
anda line, they
combine to form
theenmostare (fs 2a
Ledger Lines —the misdle Notes
LEDGER UNE are shert ines which ae added to extund the range of the SFE—J
staff wihen the notes are too low oF too high to be written on the staf.
Se Reiger ine
The noes in the middle range of the grand staff are 8, C and b.
They can be written on ledger lines in both the base and treble staff
= = [fi
ci |
These notes are written differently but sound the same.
Exercises
Trace these three (Ee =
braces, Then, using
the staffs provided,
draw the grand staff
three times. Include
the brace, line and £ £
both clet signs. : =
Ey Witte the fetter
names of the notes
from the treble sta“
Wite the letter : x 2
i —— =
from the bass statt =
leis and letier
names in two places /
Write the nates
indicated by the G
a
‘on the grand scaff
‘Add ledger lines
where necestay, 3
Ledger Lines
Low and High Notes
More than one ledger line may
be added to extend the lower
and upper ranges of the grand
staff, The next higher notes of
the treble staff are G, A, B and C.
The next lower notes of the bass
staff are f ED and C.
All the netes on the grand
staff from bass clef Low
to treble clet High C:
Exercises
Ey] 2 a treble ef
and name tre notes.
By 222 bas clot
land name the notes.
indicated notes in
four places or the
grand staff
2 ‘os = 6
= = 7
2 o 2
o = =
s
oe
baum a | Ear TRAINING FOR LESSONS 1-
Low and High
Ey * tthe iow and ih sounds
Sid lye oso de Hoh you hear Hoh ound
| High | 7 High
Low Low High
(at
High High re High
Low Low
tae?
By Liter tothe examples and incicate whetrer the second note is ewer (1) of Figher (4).
2 be « 4. °
Up and Down
Ed wil her thee sound thet go up of down. ice te arow pointing up ifthe sounds 99 uP
rte the arrow poling dov ifthe sounds go down,
a cy
Listen to the rotes in the
‘treble clef. The notes will os
be played from lowto Pg OE
high in ascending order
Listen to the notes in the
bass clef. The notes will SE eo
be played from low to = oes
high in ascending order. aoe
Listen to the following notes and indicate whether they sound like they should be notated in the
. bass clef or treble clef (mark with a B or 7).
a
b « a. e t o
“Tack 1 refers to the trace number on Ear Training CD 1
a
a ti i
ne
meal
.
a ae
Review oF Lessons 1-5 Ee
How many lines are on a The note names of the five) Wihich lis alto known as
single staff? lines in the treble clef the F det?
rom boron ge tonare Tne note names of the five
—— lines in the bass clef
How many spaces are on a
single sta?
The note rames of the four feharieme ep ae
Is the Sth line 2t the bottom spaces in the treble clef
or top of the staf"? ‘from gottom to top are:
FO The note natmes of the four
- spaces in the bass clef
Which def is also known as The line through midde Cis ep betaine top gre
the G cat? alleda ting
2 A 2
HD) ite the eter 5: & é 3
names of the :
notes ve ve
7 b 7 4 4
2 2
pe? o
f12] Write the letter xX 2
names of the =
notes. ss Coe
f13] Draw the grand a— <= eo
Saft and nome = = rm
| theres =
= °
| ra = =
= = i
Spell the words
to complete the . -
sentences below
ce f 4
o
o
2 we destin In gt
- ©
5 ——— =
o
the pigeons in the park. While eating his __sandwien, 8
SS
flew by and barely missee his
- derided to 90 home.
Ain —
Note Values
‘While the placement of notes on the staff indicates the pitch, the duration of the note (how long the
note is held) is determined by the note value,
vile ote Hal Nees Curt Note
== Fim Soe
Jd Jd J. 4
ee ee d !
= oo" 2
stems extend downward on the left side wien the =e
note appears on or above the 3rd line of t1e staff. -t
ee Sa
The stem lengll should continue to the Stemelends Wy Fabove, Stem extends to F below: i
space oF line with the same letter name, 7
above oF below. =
F
es e e
Exercises
Fillin the blaaks with the
correct number
By 22 the stems in the
correct direcsion with
the correc: length.
Write the names of the
rrotes between the staff.
Ey Dew the weble cet
‘and write the indicated '
rotes. Use only notes '
within the staff.
C whole A quarter & half F whole B quarter D quarter G half
Draw the bass claf
‘and write the indicated
notes. Use only notes
within the staff. E half D quarter A whole C quarter F halt 8 whole G half
Measure, Bar Line and Double Bar
Musi’ divided inso equal parts oy BAR LINES, —=—— Measure —
The area between the two bar lines iscalled 2 | —=—-=—
MEASURE oF BAR.
A DOUBLE BAR is written at the end of a piece of
‘music, Its made up ef one thin and one thick line,
ith the thick line always on the outside.
(On a grand staff, the bar jines and double bar J] ©
pass through the entire staf. |
Exercises
‘ear
“por tine Bar line?
GJ oose cor
Divide the staff below into 4 measures with a double bar at the end.
A single staff does not begin with a bar line.
Draw a treole clef, Divide the stat below into 4 measures with a
double bar at the end. Wrise any whole note in each measure
Name the nores on the lines below the staff.
Draw a bass clef. Divice the statf below into 4 measures with a double bar at
the end. Write ary 4 quarter notes (alternate stern direction) in each measure.
Name the notes on the lines below the statt
Draw a grand staff. Divide the staff below into 4 measures with a double
bar at the end. Write any two half notes in each measure (alternate stem
direction and staffs). Name he notes on the jnes below the staff,
Begin with a bar line (before the clef signs) when there is 8 grand sta
